{ "name": "Police AI Deployment Tracker", "publisher": "PoliceAI News", "url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker", "documentation": "https://www.policeainews.com/data", "licence": "https://www.policeainews.com/data#licence", "generated": "2026-11-04T00:19:59.170Z", "count": 217, "fields": { "id": "Permanent identifier of the record. Never reused.", "code": "Short citable code, PAI- followed by the first eight characters of the id.", "force": "The police force or public body using the system. One body per record.", "country": "Country name, or Multi-country, European Union or International for records that are not about one country.", "country_code": "Two-letter code (ISO 3166-1, with uk for the United Kingdom), or other, eu, int.", "is_country": "true when country_code is a single country.", "region": "Area within the country, where the source gives one.", "technology": "The system or capability, as described by the source.", "technology_slug": "Identifier of the technology reference entry, where one exists (see technologies.json).", "vendor": "Supplier as named in the source, with any detail it gives.", "vendor_slug": "Identifier of the principal supplier, where it has been matched to the supplier list.", "programme": "Shared programme or contract name, where several records belong to one programme.", "status": "One of: operational, trial, paused, discontinued, proposed, developing.", "stage": "in-use (operational, trial, paused), withdrawn (discontinued) or horizon (proposed, developing).", "evidence": "Kind of source: official, regulator, court, parliament, procurement, foi, journalism, academic, ngo, company, social. Blank where not yet classified.", "evidence_is_claim": "true when the source is the supplier's own material or a social media post.", "since": "When use began, as precisely as the source allows (usually a year).", "legal_basis": "The legal power or framework cited for the use, where stated.", "oversight": "Oversight, audit or governance arrangements, where stated.", "notes": "Context, caveats and later developments.", "source": "Name of the principal source.", "source_url": "Link to the principal source.", "last_checked": "Date the record was last confirmed against its source (YYYY-MM-DD).", "record_url": "The record's page on policeainews.com." }, "records": [ { "id": "104d35df-6fbe-4ea6-a278-18bf0fdc088c", "code": "PAI-104D35DF", "force": "Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires", "country": "Argentina", "country_code": "ar", "is_country": true, "region": "Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires", "technology": "Sistema de Reconocimiento Facial de Prófugos (SRFP)", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "paused", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2019", "legal_basis": "Ley 5688 (Sistema Integral de Seguridad Pública de la Ciudad), under which the system was permitted to search only for persons listed in the national fugitives register CONARC or subject to a judicial order. Judicially suspended on 21 April 2022; its implementation was declared unconstitutional on 7 September 2022 and that ruling was upheld on appeal on 29 April 2023.", "oversight": "The city legislature approved the system subject to control by an ad hoc commission of legislators and by the Defensoría del Pueblo. CELS reports that as of February 2024 the court required, before any resumption, an effective audit by the control authorities, a budgetary framework for it, access to the supplier's software information, and an evaluation of possible discriminatory bias.", "notes": "Operated in the Buenos Aires underground and public space from 2019, matching faces against CONARC. Judge Roberto Gallardo suspended it on 21 April 2022 after an amparo brought by the Observatorio de Derecho Informático Argentino (ODIA); raids on city offices found more than 9 million queries against the national identity register when CONARC held only some 35,000 to 40,000 records, including searches on the President, the Vice-President, judges, journalists, activists and business figures, and on more than 15,000 people not on the CONARC list. The city said these were identity validations for permits, pandemic procedures and emergency services. On 7 September 2022 Judge Elena Liberatori declared the implementation unconstitutional, finding the system had been launched and run outside the existing regulatory framework and without control mechanisms; the Cámara en lo Contencioso Administrativo rejected the city's appeal on 29 April 2023. Status is 'paused' rather than 'discontinued' because CELS, Fundación Vía Libre and ODIA all report the system as suspended, with conditions specified for resumption, rather than terminated. vendor is left empty: the AlSur regional report of June 2025 names Danaide as the supplier, but that is a single secondary source and no primary document read here confirms it. Sources in this record are in Spanish. Note that the city's prosecution service separately acquired Clearview AI in June 2025 — a distinct deployment with its own record.", "source": "CELS", "source_url": "https://www.cels.org.ar/web/2024/02/el-sistema-de-reconocimiento-facial-sigue-suspendido-en-caba/", "last_checked": "2026-09-10", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/104d35df-6fbe-4ea6-a278-18bf0fdc088c" }, { "id": "329561ee-5984-49f0-91b3-6f22ca40b304", "code": "PAI-329561EE", "force": "Ministerio Público Fiscal de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires", "country": "Argentina", "country_code": "ar", "is_country": true, "region": "Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires", "technology": "Clearview Pro facial recognition", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "Clearview AI", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "June 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by the prosecution service's own signed procurement instrument, Disposición OAF 36/2025 of 11 June 2025, actuación interna 30-00103493, which awards Contratación Directa por Exclusividad 3/2025 to VEC S.R.L. (CUIT 30-61564727-2) for 'la Licencia de software CLEARVIEW PRO por un periodo de 12 meses para uso del Ministerio Público Fiscal de la CABA' at USD 27,588 including VAT. VEC S.R.L. is the exclusive distributor; the vendor field records Clearview AI as the maker of the software. elDiarioAR reported in 2025 that the tool was in use by August 2025 and that the prosecution service states it is used only within a criminal investigation at the express request of a fiscal, to shorten the work of tracing images already published on the public internet, and 'not for preventive purposes nor intelligence tasks'. Unlike the city's separate street camera system, this tool works on images from social media and the open web rather than live camera feeds. legalBasis is empty: the disposición is a procurement instrument, not a legal basis for biometric matching, and no source read establishes a statutory framework or a requirement of prior judicial authorisation — the safeguards described are the prosecution service's own internal statements. oversight is empty for the same reason. CELS and ODIA, quoted by elDiarioAR, argue the acquisition disregards both the courts and civil society given that the city's other facial recognition system remains judicially suspended, and note the Dutch data protection authority's EUR 30.5 million fine against Clearview in September 2024. The procurement document is in Spanish.", "source": "Ministerio Público Fiscal CABA", "source_url": "https://mpfciudad.gob.ar/storage/archivos/29fa8b177881168fc41dcf9979f63f08.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-09-10", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/329561ee-5984-49f0-91b3-6f22ca40b304" }, { "id": "bfd71235-0898-4578-bbee-e244bcf079aa", "code": "PAI-BFD71235", "force": "Policía Federal Argentina (Ministerio de Seguridad de la Nación)", "country": "Argentina", "country_code": "ar", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "Clearview AI facial recognition", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "Clearview AI", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Argentina's national Ministry of Security acquired a Clearview AI licence in October 2025 for USD 33,500 by direct contract, according to Chequeado's review of the ministry's procurement records and to Amnesty International's report 'Estado de vigilancia: la expansión del uso de tecnologías de vigilancia masiva por el Gobierno de Argentina', which covers December 2023 to December 2025. Amnesty records that the tool is used by the Policía Federal Argentina and that the ministry states it is used only for retrospective investigation. Clearview matches a submitted photograph against a corpus described in both sources as more than 70 billion images scraped from public internet sources. The same procurement review records a Maltego open-source intelligence licence at USD 239,013, a Nosis commercial-data subscription at USD 17,000, and 69 drones with 11 ground stations at roughly USD 1 million, giving at least USD 1.2 million of surveillance technology bought in 2024-2025. legalBasis is deliberately empty: both sources describe decrees and ministerial resolutions that expanded digital monitoring powers without prior judicial authorisation, and Amnesty records that Federal Police social-media monitoring was formalised on that footing, but no source establishes a specific statutory basis for facial recognition itself, and an absence of one is a finding about the deployment rather than a legal basis. oversight is empty for the same reason. Both figures and dates here rest on Spanish-language reporting and on an NGO report summarised in Spanish. See also the separate record for the Buenos Aires City prosecution service, which holds its own, distinct Clearview licence.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Amnesty International's report 'Sensing the Surveillance State: Argentina's Expanding Policies and Technologies of Mass Surveillance' (AMR 13/1104/2026, August 2026) lists the Clearview AI licence as a direct award by the Ministry of National Security dated 29 October 2025, for US$33,500, citing the ComprAR procurement platform. It quotes the ministry's freedom of information response that \"specialist officers from the Argentinian Federal Police, authorized by the courts, use a facial recognition system within the framework of active judicial investigations\" and that \"it is not an online system that is permanently live on the streets\". Jurist, reporting on the report in August 2026, says no evidence has surfaced that Clearview was used specifically to identify protesters. The report also describes Resolution 710/2024 of the ministry, which created the Artificial Intelligence Unit Applied to Security (UIAAS) with functions including facial recognition, real-time image analysis and CCTV surveillance; Amnesty says the unit was conceived \"without any mention of external oversight or human rights impact assessments\", and Jurist adds that the resolution sets no data retention limits or access restrictions. Amnesty calls for a ban on remote biometric recognition technology used for mass surveillance.", "source": "Amnesty International, AMR 13/1104/2026, August 2026; Jurist, August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Sensing-the-Surveillance-State-Argentinas-Expanding-Policies-and-Technologies-of-Mass-Surveillance.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/bfd71235-0898-4578-bbee-e244bcf079aa" }, { "id": "fe3f64a76d859c5f", "code": "PAI-FE3F64A7", "force": "Australian Federal Police", "country": "Australia", "country_code": "au", "is_country": true, "region": "Australian Centre to Counter Child Exploitation", "technology": "Clearview AI facial recognition (free trial)", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "Clearview AI", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2019", "legal_basis": "Privacy Act 1988; Australian Government Agencies Privacy Code", "oversight": "Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC), joint investigation with UK ICO", "notes": "This trial was run by the Australian Federal Police's Australian Centre to Counter Child Exploitation (ACCCE), not the AFP generally. The AFP's own account, given in a Senate Estimates brief, states ACCCE personnel ran a limited pilot from November 2019 to January 2020, testing whether Clearview could match side-profile photographs of possible child exploitation victims against frontal reference images; temporary accounts were terminated in March 2020. The Australian Information Commissioner subsequently found the AFP had failed to comply with its privacy obligations, including a requirement to complete a privacy impact assessment before the trial.\n\nCorrection, October 2026. This record previously also named Queensland, Victoria and South Australia police. Email addresses from those forces appeared on a leaked Clearview client list in 2020, but none confirmed use: Queensland Police and Victoria Police declined to comment on operational methods and South Australia Police denied using it (Information Age, 3 March 2020). They are not recorded.", "source": "Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Commissioner-initiated investigation determination", "source_url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/clearview-ai-breached-australians-privacy", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/fe3f64a76d859c5f" }, { "id": "48dd00e4-b595-47e1-ab08-6d54d466e880", "code": "PAI-48DD00E4", "force": "New South Wales Police Force", "country": "Australia", "country_code": "au", "is_country": true, "region": "New South Wales", "technology": "Suspect Target Management Plan (STMP III / Chimera)", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "Built in-house by NSW Police Force", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2000", "legal_basis": "NSW Police Force internal policy and guidelines rather than statute", "oversight": "NSW Law Enforcement Conduct Commission (Operation Tepito); NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research evaluation", "notes": "Chimera collated police information sources weighted by perceived reliability and computed a Crime Severity Index score from charges and offending indicators, scoring each offence against the Australian Bureau of Statistics National Offence Index and typically covering the prior six months. A benchmark score limited the candidate list. Intelligence officers reviewed the shortlist alongside offending history and local crime patterns, could add people from local knowledge, documented a justification, and a senior officer approved selection. Those selected were subjected to increased overt and covert police attention.\n\nSTMP was introduced in 2000, with STMP III and Chimera from November 2020. It was discontinued for children and young people in October 2023 and for adults from December 2023, following the Law Enforcement Conduct Commission's Operation Tepito investigation.", "source": "NSW Law Enforcement Conduct Commission, Operation Tepito final report", "source_url": "https://www.lecc.nsw.gov.au/publications/publications/operation-tepito-final-report.pdf/@@download/file", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/48dd00e4-b595-47e1-ab08-6d54d466e880" }, { "id": "d5c00f32-d70f-46c6-80fc-49489a6bc199", "code": "PAI-D5C00F32", "force": "South Australia Police", "country": "Australia", "country_code": "au", "is_country": true, "region": "South Australia", "technology": "AI investigative and surveillance tools", "technology_slug": "sa-investigative-surveillance-bundle", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace), for facial recognition", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "academic", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Not detailed in the source reviewed", "oversight": "South Australian Auditor-General, which is the source this entry rests on", "notes": "The South Australian Auditor-General's own report states SAPOL was already using AI-type tools for facial recognition matched against CCTV and custody photographs, mobile phone detection cameras, and social media monitoring, with further plans for AI-assisted interview transcription and machine learning tools for identifying leads and hidden connections between cases. This entry bundles several related capabilities the Auditor-General reported together rather than treating each as a separate deployment, since the source itself does not give each one separately confirmed operational status.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice's AI atlas for Australian criminal proceedings (information as at July 2026) names South Australia Police among the agencies operating NEC NeoFace, which it says produces a ranked candidate list for investigator review and is \"treated strictly as a discovery tool rather than standalone evidence\". It lists South Australia among the states where Acusensus cameras detect illegal mobile phone use and seatbelt non-compliance, with potential offences verified by human reviewers before fines are issued; it does not say which body operates the South Australian cameras. It gives no start dates.", "source": "Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice, AI atlas (Australia), July 2026; South Australian Auditor-General", "source_url": "https://www.techandjustice.bsg.ox.ac.uk/ai-use-in-australian-criminal-proceedings-insights-and-regulations-ai-atlas", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d5c00f32-d70f-46c6-80fc-49489a6bc199" }, { "id": "56a74040-e390-42e4-9461-7ca5ea90c956", "code": "PAI-56A74040", "force": "Victoria Police", "country": "Australia", "country_code": "au", "is_country": true, "region": "Victoria", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "iFace", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2020", "legal_basis": "Not detailed in the source reviewed", "oversight": "Victorian Law Reform Commission has examined the deployment", "notes": "Victoria Police uses iFace to search persons of interest against an offender image database. A Victorian Law Reform Commission report recorded 86 Victorian police stations with iFace capture points as of 2020, which is the most recent figure found; this entry should be treated as confirming the system exists and was operational as of that report, not as confirmation of its current 2026 scale.", "source": "Victorian Law Reform Commission", "source_url": "https://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/", "last_checked": "2026-08-27", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/56a74040-e390-42e4-9461-7ca5ea90c956" }, { "id": "56e1e35c-38fd-465f-a794-89565920998d", "code": "PAI-56E1E35C", "force": "Western Australia Police", "country": "Australia", "country_code": "au", "is_country": true, "region": "Perth and Fremantle", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace M40)", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "No national biometric surveillance framework exists in Australia. Western Australia's Privacy and Responsible Information Sharing Act 2024 is the first Australian law directly governing personal information in automated decision-making.", "oversight": "State privacy watchdog was not consulted before the trial launched, according to advocacy groups", "notes": "Western Australia Police became the first Australian law enforcement agency to use live facial recognition on the public when its five-month trial began on 22 June 2026, using NEC's NeoFace M40 from cameras mounted on marked police vans in Perth and Fremantle.\n\nFigures from the first week of the trial: more than 130,000 faces scanned, generating 33 alerts, leading to 18 arrests and two false alerts.\n\nThose numbers are worth reading in both directions. Two false alerts against 130,000 faces is a low error rate. It is also 130,000 people whose faces were converted to biometric templates in seven days so that 18 arrests could be made, and whether that ratio is proportionate is a policy question rather than a technical one that a more accurate algorithm resolves.\n\nAssociate Professor Jake Goldenfein of Melbourne Law School has noted the established concern that these systems have historically performed less accurately for people of colour and for women, and least accurately for women of colour, because of the composition of the data the algorithms were trained on. WA Police has pointed to National Physical Laboratory testing of the NEC algorithm in selecting the technology.\n\nThe trial has been criticised by privacy experts and legal advocates, and is being watched by other Australian forces as a precedent.\n\nUpdate, October 2026. The Government of Western Australia published results for the first three months from the trial start on 22 June 2026: 77 deployments at 36 metropolitan and regional locations, 905,117 faces scanned, 209 alerts of which 8 were incorrect, 79 arrests including 36 for outstanding warrants, and 114 registered sex offenders identified and engaged. The first regional deployment was at Geraldton on 11 and 12 September 2026. The page does not say whether the trial will be extended or made permanent.", "source": "Government of Western Australia, Overt live facial recognition trial update (22 September 2026, updated 6 October 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.wa.gov.au/government/announcements/overt-live-facial-recognition-trial-update", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/56e1e35c-38fd-465f-a794-89565920998d" }, { "id": "d06f8b8f-7ce8-440f-a7d5-21cbb438940a", "code": "PAI-D06F8B8F", "force": "Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office)", "country": "Austria", "country_code": "at", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "Retrospective facial recognition against the police photograph database", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Cognitec Systems", "vendor_slug": "cognitec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2020", "legal_basis": "Police have relied on section 75 of the Sicherheitspolizeigesetz. In a decision reported on 26 July 2026 the Datenschutzbehoerde found that provision insufficient to authorise automated biometric comparison, holding that there is currently no adequate legal basis for it. The Interior Ministry said it would appeal to the Bundesverwaltungsgericht, and the decision was not final when reported.", "oversight": "Datenschutzbehoerde, the Austrian data protection authority, which upheld a complaint brought by the digital rights organisation epicenter.works on behalf of an activist photographed at a climate protest in Vienna in March 2023 and later matched using facial recognition. Parliamentary scrutiny has run through written questions to the Interior Minister.", "notes": "The deployment itself is well established. ORF, the Austrian public broadcaster, reported on 8 September 2020 that the system passed from roughly a year of testing into regular operation at the start of August 2020, that it had been used 581 times and had identified 83 suspects by that point, that it cost 450,000 euros, and that it compares images against an Interior Ministry photograph database of suspects. Netzpolitik.org, 16 September 2020, gives the vendor as Cognitec Systems of Dresden, the software cost as 448,813 euros, the database as the police Lichtbilddatei of photographs from earlier criminal proceedings, the same figure of 581 searches, and reports that the system was used on images from the summer 2020 protests in the Favoriten district of Vienna, where 47 known persons were identified. The two cost figures are the same number reported gross and net and are not treated as a conflict. All usage figures date from 2020 and no current figures were found; they are recorded here rather than in a field for that reason. The legal finding is the significant recent development: reporting by the Austrian news agency APA on 26 July 2026, carried by Salzburger Nachrichten and others, and by epicenter.works on 23 July 2026, establishes that the Datenschutzbehoerde found the use of automated facial recognition on protest photographs unlawful for want of a sufficient legal basis. The status remains operational because nothing read establishes that use has stopped - the Interior Ministry publicly defended the system and announced an appeal. No parliamentary answer was read directly in this run: the Austrian Parliament's page for answer 6962/AB confirms the answer was given by Interior Minister Karl Nehammer on 16 August 2021 but the substance sits in a linked PDF that was not retrieved.", "source": "ORF", "source_url": "https://orf.at/stories/3180530/", "last_checked": "2026-09-06", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d06f8b8f-7ce8-440f-a7d5-21cbb438940a" }, { "id": "53c434b1-0d9e-435b-86d7-2f3a8c7db6ff", "code": "PAI-53C434B1", "force": "Brussels police zone", "country": "Belgium", "country_code": "be", "is_country": true, "region": "Belgium, Brussels", "technology": "Video Analytics Search (BriefCam)", "technology_slug": "briefcam", "vendor": "BriefCam", "vendor_slug": "briefcam", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "company", "evidence_is_claim": true, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Not detailed in the source reviewed", "oversight": "Not detailed in the source reviewed", "notes": "The Brussels police zone's own description states it uses BriefCam to convert hours of CCTV footage into minutes of targeted review. Recorded with lower confidence than the French and Dutch entries above: the source is the police force's own promotional description rather than an independent inspection or an official transparency register, and no usage statistics or legal framework were available in the material reviewed.\n\nSourcing note, verified August 2026: the available documentation is vendor case-study material rather than a police or government disclosure, and should be read as such. It describes the deployment as operated by the Brussels Regional Informatics Centre (BRIC), which since around 2014-2015 has centralised video from six local police zones, the Metro system and Bruxelles Mobilite onto a single platform. In that documentation BriefCam functions as an analytics extension within a Genetec Security Center video management deployment, rather than as a standalone force procurement. Two caveats follow: the operator is a regional IT body serving multiple police zones rather than a single police zone, and the vendor material does not establish the specific start date recorded on this entry. Both points would benefit from a Belgian procurement or oversight-body source.", "source": "BriefCam vendor case study; Genetec customer story", "source_url": "https://www.briefcam.com/resources/case-studies/briefcam-empowers-the-bric-with-video-intelligence/", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/53c434b1-0d9e-435b-86d7-2f3a8c7db6ff" }, { "id": "6ae43f87-be9b-4ed0-bb59-90bd41de5876", "code": "PAI-6AE43F87", "force": "Rio de Janeiro Military Police (CICC)", "country": "Brazil", "country_code": "br", "is_country": true, "region": "Rio de Janeiro state", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Dahua (car-mounted cameras)", "vendor_slug": "dahua", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2019", "legal_basis": "Not established in sources reviewed", "oversight": "None identified", "notes": "State military police (distinct operator from São Paulo's city-run Smart Sampa) running facial recognition cameras via the Integrated Command and Control Center, scanning passers-by against outstanding arrest warrants and dispatching the nearest patrol on a match. Expanded before Aug 2026 with 1,300 police-car-mounted cameras using Dahua software scanning faces and plates; a police major stated plans to extend to body-worn cameras later in 2026 -- the clearest documented case of vehicle-mounted mobile facial recognition at fleet scale found in this research. Documented misidentifications in Brazil since 2020 include a Black woman arrested in Rio (2019, mistaken identity), a woman detained in Rio (Jan 2024) after the database showed her as a fugitive while she was already serving her sentence, and a Black man wrongfully detained 26 days in Bahia over a decade-old robbery by someone else. Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice records 506 AI-driven FR systems adopted in Brazil as of March 2026, with projected reach to ~87 million people.", "source": "Christian Science Monitor; Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice", "source_url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2026/0813/brazil-facial-recognition-artificial-intelligence", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/6ae43f87-be9b-4ed0-bb59-90bd41de5876" }, { "id": "4700d91a-9694-41da-b43b-0722637d1e55", "code": "PAI-4700D91A", "force": "São Paulo City Hall (Smart Sampa)", "country": "Brazil", "country_code": "br", "is_country": true, "region": "São Paulo city", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in sources reviewed", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Smart Sampa", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "Not established in sources reviewed; Brazil's LGPD is the general data protection law but no specific authorising instrument was found", "oversight": "As stated by the city: review by the municipal audit court (Tribunal de Contas do Município); a contract requiring periodic audits and security tests; semiannual transparency reports to the public prosecutor's office (Ministério Público). The city also publishes a live arrest tally outside the monitoring centre.", "notes": "Municipal (not police-force) live facial recognition across roughly 40,000 street, public-building and voluntarily-enrolled private cameras, alerting a monitoring centre staffed by police officers when a match against judicial fugitive databases reaches 90%+ confidence. Costs around $2m/month. Official transparency reports analysed by AFP show more than 8% of people identified and arrested as fugitives in the system's first year had to be released due to errors; most arrests occurred in outlying neighbourhoods among migrants from poorer regions. As of March 2026, roughly 3,000 fugitives caught via the system, with nearly 4,000 more caught in the act. The published 8% wrongful-arrest rate is the most specific error figure found for any live FR system's operator, more precise than the Met's 'one false alert' or BTP's 'zero true matches'.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Correio da Manhã (20 October 2026), citing UOL, reports that Smart Sampa data was exposed online for about 11 months, allowing improper access to images from more than 58,000 cameras, including in schools, nurseries and hospitals. The city government confirmed the leak but denies a flaw in the system, attributing it to \"um vazamento ilegal de dados\" by one of its more than 7,500 authorised security staff, who has been removed from duties while the Guarda Civil Metropolitana's internal affairs unit investigates; the repository was taken offline, and the city says it has added exclusive passwords and two-factor authentication. The city says the system is overseen by the municipal audit court (TCM), that its contract requires periodic audits, and that it sends semiannual transparency reports to the public prosecutor's office. The same article cites a CESeC study that found identification errors in early 2025, which the city disputes. No suspension of the programme is reported.", "source": "Correio da Manhã, 20 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.correiodamanha.com.br/nacional/sao-paulo/2026/10/328337-smart-sampa-tem-dados-vazados-de-58-mil-cameras-por-11-meses.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/4700d91a-9694-41da-b43b-0722637d1e55" }, { "id": "f03fd0bf-1d28-4e3b-b40d-ec436395b999", "code": "PAI-F03FD0BF", "force": "Edmonton Police Service", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "Alberta", "technology": "AI Facial Recognition Body-Worn Cameras", "technology_slug": "ai-bodycam-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Axon (camera hardware) with Corsight AI (facial recognition model)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statutory framework. A privacy impact assessment was submitted to Alberta's Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner", "oversight": "Edmonton Police Commission and the chief's committee, reviewing pilot results as of the time of writing", "notes": "The first Canadian police service, and among the first anywhere, to trial facial recognition built into body-worn cameras rather than fixed or handheld devices. Axon supplied the camera hardware and Israeli firm Corsight AI the facial recognition model.\n\nThe pilot ran through December 2025 and was extended roughly three weeks into January 2026 following a system outage. Officers' cameras ran the software in what EPS calls silent mode, checking faces against a watchlist of people with outstanding warrants for serious offences or flagged as high risk, reported variously as roughly 6,341 and 7,000 people, without alerting the wearing officer to a match; footage was reviewed afterwards by trained staff.\n\nStatus note: the pilot itself concluded in January 2026 and results were with the Edmonton Police Commission and the chief's committee for review. This entry is deliberately held at trial rather than moved to discontinued, because a concluded pilot awaiting a decision is not the same as a technology that has been abandoned, and no decision either way has been published. Two independent research passes reached opposite conclusions on how to classify it, which is itself a reason to record the underlying facts and let the status follow a documented decision rather than an inference.\n\nA researcher at the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab described it as the most high-risk algorithmic surveillance program she had observed in Canada to date. Corsight AI's technology has reportedly been used for mass surveillance in Gaza, and the firm also supplies Essex Police in England. Axon's own AI ethics board recommended in 2019 that the company not pursue facial recognition on body cameras.", "source": "CBC News (Freedom of Information documents), Associated Press, Biometric Update", "source_url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-police-emails-documents-provide-new-information-on-canada-first-ai-facial-recognition-bodycam-pilot-9.7157991", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f03fd0bf-1d28-4e3b-b40d-ec436395b999" }, { "id": "587d230e-bda9-4926-bbf0-4aa1956d081e", "code": "PAI-587D230E", "force": "Halton Regional Police Service", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "Ontario", "technology": "AI Call-Taker Hiring and Training Simulation", "technology_slug": "ai-call-taker-training", "vendor": "GovWorx", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Uses AI-simulated emergency calls from US firm GovWorx to assess applicants and train 911 call-takers and dispatchers, which the service says halves candidate evaluation time. Reported as the first Canadian police service to do so.", "source": "CP24, 9 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.cp24.com/local/halton/2026/10/09/halton-regional-police-uses-ai-in-hiring-training-911-call-takers/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/587d230e-bda9-4926-bbf0-4aa1956d081e" }, { "id": "25fb07d4-5846-46bb-9db3-7f7eaf9fd920", "code": "PAI-25FB07D4", "force": "Peel Regional Police", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "Ontario", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Idemia", "vendor_slug": "idemia", "programme": "Shared York, Peel and Halton Idemia database", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "No dedicated Canadian federal statute governing police facial recognition. Forces state they rely on common law policing powers and, where available, court orders for camera footage", "oversight": "Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner has \"extensively reviewed\" the programme, per Peel Regional Police; corporate directive \"Use of the Facial Recognition System\"; privacy impact assessment summary published by the force", "notes": "York Regional Police and Peel Regional Police use an Idemia facial recognition system to compare crime scene images against a combined database of booking photographs. Potential matches are reviewed by trained facial recognition analysts before being passed to investigators. The shared York and Peel database became operational in May 2024.\n\nThis entry was previously classified on this tracker as live facial recognition, which was wrong for the same reason as the Toronto entry: this is investigative image-to-mugshot matching, not real-time scanning of people in public space.\n\nKate Robertson of the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab has said she is not aware of any Canadian police service that in practice obtains prior judicial authorisation before using facial recognition, despite that being what she describes as the gold standard of privacy protection in criminal investigations.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Peel Regional Police's own page says its system, provided by IDEMIA, analyses images against \"a combined database of crime scene images and mugshots\" drawn from Peel, York and Halton, \"advanced through a partnership with York Regional Police and Halton Regional Police\"; it states that the technology \"will not analyze against real-time data\", that members with access are trained and bound by the corporate directive \"Use of the Facial Recognition System\", and that the programme \"has been extensively reviewed\" by Ontario's Information and Privacy Commissioner. Public consultations were held in March and April 2024, and the page links to a summary of a privacy impact assessment. The page gives no go-live date; York's page gives 2024 and Halton's page says Peel and York launched in May 2024. Halton's page describes its own access as planned for \"this fall\", with an information session held on 7 October 2025, and does not confirm go-live.", "source": "Peel Regional Police, Privacy and Technology page; CBC News, 2024", "source_url": "https://www.peelpolice.ca/who-we-are/privacy-and-technology/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/25fb07d4-5846-46bb-9db3-7f7eaf9fd920" }, { "id": "2a3a4640-51ba-4b73-a6c4-fcb7f0304d83", "code": "PAI-2A3A4640", "force": "Royal Canadian Mounted Police", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "Facial Recognition Technology (vendor evaluation)", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Multiple vendors under evaluation, not yet named publicly", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Privacy Act and RCMP internal security protocols govern the test data itself; no legislative authorisation yet exists for the capability this is evaluating.", "oversight": "Internal RCMP process as described in its own departmental plan; no external oversight body specified", "notes": "The RCMP's 2026-27 Departmental Plan states it will collaborate with multiple vendors to review booking photographs collected from Canadian law enforcement agencies, testing algorithms for quality, performance, accuracy and demographic bias in a Canadian context, towards a potential future national facial recognition capability. This is evaluation of algorithms against historical data, not a deployment against the public, which is why it is recorded here as proposed rather than trial. Verified directly against the RCMP's own published departmental plan.", "source": "Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2026-27 Departmental Plan", "source_url": "https://rcmp.ca/en/corporate-information/publications-and-manuals/departmental-plans/2026-2027", "last_checked": "2026-08-18", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/2a3a4640-51ba-4b73-a6c4-fcb7f0304d83" }, { "id": "5dcd0ad7-fe57-4bc4-8caa-bb6be2c731cc", "code": "PAI-5DCD0AD7", "force": "Royal Canadian Mounted Police (British Columbia)", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "British Columbia", "technology": "AI-assisted police report writing", "technology_slug": "ai-report-writing", "vendor": "Axon (Draft One)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Piloted in eight British Columbia detachments from August 2025 to January 2026, with about 380 potential users and roughly 800 reports written. The RCMP says the tool \"remains under review\"; no decision on wider use has been published, so it is recorded as paused.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The B.C. RCMP's news release of 17 March 2026, \"The BC RCMP's body worn camera roll-out continues\", states that the Draft One pilot \"started in August 2025 and finished in January 2026\" at eight detachments with 380 potential users, that about 800 reports were written with the tool, that members must review and amend the AI-generated drafts, and that \"early feedback suggests an opportunity for time-savings\" with a quantitative analysis still in progress. It adds that the pilot sites \"will continue the usage of Draft One at this time until the RCMP reviews outputs from the quantitative analysis\", and the release also says the B.C. RCMP is currently piloting the tool. The earlier record treated the status as paused because no decision had been published; neither the release nor the Canadian Press report of 15 April 2026 says use was suspended, so the status is corrected to trial. The RCMP told CTV News the tool \"remains under review\". No decision on wider adoption or ending the pilot has been published.", "source": "BC RCMP news release, 17 March 2026; CP24 / The Canadian Press, 15 April 2026", "source_url": "https://rcmp.ca/en/bc/news/2026/03/4351270", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5dcd0ad7-fe57-4bc4-8caa-bb6be2c731cc" }, { "id": "f6bfa3679a081449", "code": "PAI-F6BFA367", "force": "Royal Canadian Mounted Police (National Child Exploitation Crime Centre)", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "Canada", "technology": "Clearview AI facial recognition", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "Clearview AI", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2019", "legal_basis": "Privacy Act (federal public sector), section 4; the Commissioner found the collection contravened it", "oversight": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, Special Report to Parliament", "notes": "The RCMP began using Clearview AI in October 2019, buying two licences for the National Child Exploitation Crime Centre (NCECC); other members also used unpaid trial accounts. A directive of 5 March 2020 limited use to exigent circumstances such as identifying child victims or responding to imminent threats to life. Clearview ended its Canadian business and contracts, including the RCMP's, on 3 July 2020, and its records show RCMP access was suspended on 6 July 2020; the record is therefore held as discontinued from July 2020.\n\nThe Office of the Privacy Commissioner's Special Report to Parliament, dated 10 June 2021, found that the RCMP's collection of personal information from Clearview contravened section 4 of the Privacy Act, because Clearview had collected the images unlawfully, and that the RCMP lacked adequate systems to track and assess novel collections of personal information. Clearview's records showed 521 RCMP searches, of which the Commissioner found only about 6 per cent were linked to NCECC victim identification and about 85 per cent were not accounted for. The RCMP disagreed with the finding of contravention but agreed to implement the recommendations.\n\nIn response the RCMP created the National Technology Onboarding Program (NTOP) in 2021 to centralise assessment of new operational technologies. The RCMP's transparency blueprint (issued 8 July 2024, last modified 4 June 2026) states that it is \"currently only using a type of facial recognition technology called face matching\" on lawfully obtained evidence, anticipates facial identification in future only in specific circumstances, and does not use facial recognition on images or video from its drone fleet. See also the separate entry for the RCMP's 2026-27 facial recognition evaluation.\n\nCorrection in November 2026: the earlier version said use ended after the 2021 finding and that Clearview left Canada shortly afterwards. The Commissioner's report shows the order was the reverse: Clearview withdrew in July 2020 and the finding followed in June 2021.", "source": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, Special Report to Parliament, 10 June 2021; RCMP NTOP transparency blueprint (modified 4 June 2026)", "source_url": "https://priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/ar_index/202021/sr_rcmp", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f6bfa3679a081449" }, { "id": "8ae82a7b-0526-45d5-9cc6-a1e21c1333d0", "code": "PAI-8AE82A7B", "force": "Toronto Police Service", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "Ontario", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace Reveal)", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2018", "legal_basis": "No dedicated Canadian federal statute governing police facial recognition", "oversight": "Toronto Police Service Board artificial intelligence policy (approved 28 February 2022), under which the service publishes a risk-rated inventory of AI technologies; NeoFace Reveal is rated high risk", "notes": "Toronto Police Service uses NEC's NeoFace Reveal to compare an image obtained during a criminal investigation against lawfully obtained booking photographs. Candidate images are reviewed by a trained facial recognition analyst before being supplied to investigators for further review.\n\nThis entry was previously classified on this tracker as live facial recognition. That was wrong, and the correction matters beyond this single entry: retrospective image-to-mugshot searching and live scanning of passers-by are different technologies with different legal and civil liberties profiles, and conflating them inflates the apparent scale of live facial recognition deployment.\n\nThe force's own published AI inventory identifies NeoFace Reveal as a high-risk AI technology, and Toronto operates an AI governance framework through the Toronto Police Services Board.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Toronto Police Service's own AI page lists NeoFace Reveal (NEC) as a high-risk technology that compares a suspect image from a criminal occurrence with lawfully obtained booking photographs, with a trained Facial Recognition Analyst reviewing any potential matches before investigators see them; the inventory was published at the Board meeting of 11 January 2024 under the Board's AI policy approved on 28 February 2022. CP24 reported in May 2019, citing a Board report, that the service bought the system from NEC America for $452,000 and had had access to it since March 2018, so the earlier start year of 2019 is corrected. The service issued a request for proposals in December 2024 to upgrade the system, closing on 14 February 2025; no award was found in the sources read, so the record stays on the NEC system.", "source": "Toronto Police Service, Artificial Intelligence page (inventory published at the 11 January 2024 Board meeting); CP24, 28 May 2019", "source_url": "https://www.tps.ca/police-reform/artificial-intelligence/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/8ae82a7b-0526-45d5-9cc6-a1e21c1333d0" }, { "id": "f6e31251-d9cf-4bbd-8bcf-4b79d5776a26", "code": "PAI-F6E31251", "force": "York Regional Police", "country": "Canada", "country_code": "ca", "is_country": true, "region": "Ontario", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Idemia", "vendor_slug": "idemia", "programme": "Shared York, Peel and Halton Idemia database", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "No dedicated Canadian federal statute governing police facial recognition. Forces state they rely on common law policing powers and, where available, court orders for camera footage", "oversight": "Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner consulted by York Police on best practice, per the force's own account", "notes": "York Regional Police and Peel Regional Police use an Idemia facial recognition system to compare crime scene images against a combined database of booking photographs. Potential matches are reviewed by trained facial recognition analysts before being passed to investigators. The shared York and Peel database became operational in May 2024.\n\nThis entry was previously classified on this tracker as live facial recognition, which was wrong for the same reason as the Toronto entry: this is investigative image-to-mugshot matching, not real-time scanning of people in public space.\n\nKate Robertson of the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab has said she is not aware of any Canadian police service that in practice obtains prior judicial authorisation before using facial recognition, despite that being what she describes as the gold standard of privacy protection in criminal investigations.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. York Regional Police's own page (published 2 February 2026, last modified 18 April 2026) says the service began using facial recognition in 2024 under a licence with IDEMIA, comparing images collected in an investigation, such as CCTV or doorbell footage, with the criminal booking database; matches are described as \"investigative leads only\", the technology \"is not used for real-time surveillance\", data is held in Canadian data centres, and use began \"after extensive consultations with Ontario's Information and Privacy Commissioner and members of the public\". The page says use is advanced through a partnership with Peel Regional Police and Halton Regional Police, so the shared database is no longer limited to York and Peel. Halton Regional Police's own page says it will make IDEMIA's Face Expert technology available to investigators \"this fall\", with an information session held on 7 October 2025, and does not confirm that it has gone live. ID Tech reported on 3 February 2025 that the Halton Police Board had approved a $1.18 million contract with IDEMIA, and on 3 July 2026 that the Ottawa Police Service Board had approved, on 22 June 2026, the service joining the facial recognition network that exchanges data with York, Peel and Halton.", "source": "York Regional Police, Facial Recognition Technology page (published 2 February 2026, last modified 18 April 2026); CBC News, 2024", "source_url": "https://yrp.ca/en/crime-prevention/facial-recognition-technology.asp", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f6e31251-d9cf-4bbd-8bcf-4b79d5776a26" }, { "id": "5c763b9e-d331-4fb1-b507-c3e33f902d8d", "code": "PAI-5C763B9E", "force": "Subsecretaría de Prevención del Delito", "country": "Chile", "country_code": "cl", "is_country": true, "region": "Región Metropolitana, extending to other regions", "technology": "SITIA Patentes automatic licence plate recognition", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "SITIA", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "SITIA — Sistema Integrado de Teleprotección con Inteligencia Artificial — is a programme of the Unidad de Inteligencia Artificial e Interoperabilidad de Datos in the División de Estudios y Tecnología of the Subsecretaría de Prevención del Delito, under Chile's Ministerio de Seguridad Pública. Its own site states 'Presencia en 36 comunas de la Región Metropolitana', '+ 2.000 Cámaras unificadas' and '+ 550 Lectores de patente integrados'. The plate component performs automatic detection and recognition of number plates and is integrated with Carabineros' unified vehicle warrant database, so that a vehicle with an outstanding theft report is detected automatically. President Gabriel Boric presented the system's progress on 8 July 2024 alongside the Interior Minister and both subsecretaries, saying the aim was to bring public and private camera feeds into a single platform. On 22 December 2025 the Subsecretaría launched the first municipal deployment of SITIA Patentes in Lo Barnechea, with 115 integrated cameras, and reported four vehicles with active theft warrants seized in four checkpoints during the first week; Carabineros General Jaime Velasco described the interconnection of municipalities, private entities and Carabineros as strategically important. Earlier official reporting states SITIA Patentes had already enabled Carabineros to break up ten gangs involved in violent vehicle theft in the Metropolitan Region. legalBasis and oversight are empty: no source establishes a statute or regulation authorising the system, and the only governance body found is an advisory council of universities and experts mentioned in the July 2024 presentation, which is not oversight in the sense this field is used. Sources are in Spanish. Note that no source states or denies that SITIA includes facial recognition; the site describes plate recognition, camera unification and evidence management only.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. G5 Noticias (13 July 2026) reports that the Valparaíso regional governor, Rodrigo Mundaca, signed an agreement with the Subsecretaría, at a meeting with seven mayors, to bring SITIA to the Valparaíso Region, starting with La Calera, La Cruz, Hijuelas, Algarrobo, Valparaíso, Limache and Putaendo, communes that already have camera surveillance and plate readers. It gives SITIA's figures of more than 2,000 integrated cameras and more than 550 integrated plate readers, and says the network supports the detection of vehicles wanted in connection with robbery. It does not mention facial recognition or state a legal basis.", "source": "SITIA, Subsecretaría de Prevención del Delito; G5 Noticias, 13 July 2026", "source_url": "https://www.sitia.gob.cl/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5c763b9e-d331-4fb1-b507-c3e33f902d8d" }, { "id": "9789a164-1030-4ebb-b5fc-6d5fa942c522", "code": "PAI-9789A164", "force": "Subsecretaría de Prevención del Delito", "country": "Chile", "country_code": "cl", "is_country": true, "region": "Región Metropolitana, extending to other regions", "technology": "SITIA unified public and private camera platform", "technology_slug": "real-time-crime-center-integration", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "SITIA", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The second component of SITIA brings security cameras into one platform for real-time monitoring 'regardless of their origin or manufacturer', including feeds owned by municipalities and by private operators, and is paired with a digital, encrypted evidence platform through which prosecutors request audiovisual material. The Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública announced on 7 May 2024 that 70 cameras were connected at that point with capacity in that phase for more than 1,541, drawing on the communes of Renca, Lo Prado, Santiago, Independencia, Quinta Normal, Vitacura, Estación Central and Providencia, together with the traffic control unit UOCT and private participants Autopista Vespucio Norte, Mall Plaza Norte and Arauco Estación Central. Carabineros concentrates the project, its Metropolitan zone chief saying it would maximise prevention and institutional reaction. The SITIA site now states more than 2,000 unified cameras across 36 communes of the Metropolitan Region. This record is kept separate from the SITIA Patentes plate-reading record because they are different technologies within one programme. legalBasis and oversight are empty: no source establishes a statutory basis or a named oversight body, and the advisory council of universities and experts mentioned in July 2024 is advisory rather than supervisory. Sources are in Spanish. Camera counts here are the government's own published figures and were not independently verified.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. G5 Noticias (13 July 2026) reports an agreement signed by the Valparaíso regional governor, Rodrigo Mundaca, with the Subsecretaría to extend SITIA to seven communes of the Valparaíso Region (La Calera, La Cruz, Hijuelas, Algarrobo, Valparaíso, Limache and Putaendo) that already have camera surveillance and plate readers, and gives SITIA's figure of more than 2,000 integrated cameras. The article does not mention facial recognition or give a legal basis.", "source": "Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública; G5 Noticias, 13 July 2026", "source_url": "https://www.interior.gob.cl/noticias/2024/05/07/gobierno-presenta-avances-de-sistema-que-integra-camaras-de-televigilancia-de-carabineros-municipios-y-centros-comerciales/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/9789a164-1030-4ebb-b5fc-6d5fa942c522" }, { "id": "3d398760-5703-480a-81b1-c9456477cce4", "code": "PAI-3D398760", "force": "Daxing Branch, Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "Beijing", "technology": "Self-driving police patrol cars (road test)", "technology_slug": "autonomous-patrol-vehicles", "vendor": "Neolix", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "January 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "People's Daily (English), 17 January 2024, reports that the Daxing Branch of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau began what it describes as China's first road test of self-driving police patrol cars on 16 January 2024, in Beijing's high-level autonomous driving demonstration area. Fifteen cars developed by Neolix, described as Level 4, were to cover about 60 square kilometres around the clock alongside officers, with planned duties of patrolling, large-event security, public announcements, warnings and emergency rescue. The report is state media and describes a test; it does not say whether the test became routine service. A December 2025 article (Prime Business Africa, 7 December 2025) reports that the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area launched a patrol system in 2025 with 18 Level 4 autonomous police vehicles and 15 conventional patrol cars fitted with AI tools, without naming a police bureau or saying whether the Daxing test continued. Facial recognition is not described in the People's Daily report.", "source": "People's Daily Online, 17 January 2024", "source_url": "https://en.people.cn/n3/2024/0117/c90000-20123170.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/3d398760-5703-480a-81b1-c9456477cce4" }, { "id": "8d3d9255-40fb-43ee-9a07-62c254459cb6", "code": "PAI-8D3D9255", "force": "Hangzhou Public Security Bureau (traffic police)", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "Zhejiang", "technology": "Humanoid police robots", "technology_slug": "police-ground-robots", "vendor": "SUPCON Information (T2)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2026", "legal_basis": "Not disclosed", "oversight": "None independent of the state disclosed", "notes": "SUPCON Information builds the T2, a 98kg humanoid using cameras, radar and onboard computing to identify traffic violations. Reuters reported in August 2026 that 15 T2 units had operated in Hangzhou since May 2026, issuing more than 170,000 warnings, with SUPCON claiming a fall of over 40% in monthly helmetless riding and stop-line violations. Reuters could not verify the figures and Hangzhou traffic police did not respond. Counts and effectiveness figures are company claims.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Xinhua, carried by the Hunan provincial government website on 5 May 2026, quotes Chen Sanchuan, an officer with the Hangzhou Traffic Police, and reports 15 intelligent traffic management robots deployed at key downtown intersections from 1 May 2026. It says they direct traffic, detect violations such as riders without helmets and give audio warnings, and that at West Lake a large language model gives route guidance; it calls the squadron \"fully operational\". Reuters (20 August 2026) describes the Hangzhou deployment as \"part of a pilot\" and reports that nearly 50 such robots are operating across about eight cities in three provinces, without naming them. The operational status follows Xinhua's description; Reuters calls the deployment a pilot.", "source": "Xinhua via Hunan provincial government, 5 May 2026; Reuters via CP24, 20 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.enghunan.gov.cn/hneng/News/Text_News/202605/t20260505_33969433.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/8d3d9255-40fb-43ee-9a07-62c254459cb6" }, { "id": "0a4748497658ff0f", "code": "PAI-0A474849", "force": "Ministry of Public Security (national)", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "China", "technology": "Skynet / Sharp Eyes camera and facial recognition network", "technology_slug": "skynet-sharp-eyes", "vendor": "Multiple domestic manufacturers", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2005", "legal_basis": "State mandate; no independent judicial authorisation process reported", "oversight": "None independent identified; internal Communist Party and state administration only", "notes": "A national video surveillance infrastructure linked to the Ministry of Public Security, combining facial recognition with large-scale camera networks. Skynet dates from the mid-2000s as the urban system; Sharp Eyes is the rural and community extension, notable for integrating street-level and private or household cameras into wider monitoring platforms.\n\nA regulatory split emerged in 2025 and 2026 that is worth recording precisely because of what it does not cover. The Cyberspace Administration and Ministry of Public Security's Measures for the Security Management of Facial Recognition Technology Applications took effect on 1 June 2025, and a 2026 enforcement campaign has restricted forced commercial face scanning, with fines issued to businesses. Police systems are untouched by it. The regulation constrains private-sector use while leaving state surveillance capability intact.\n\nLe Monde reported in April 2026 on public security cameras automatically identifying ordinary citizens for minor traffic infractions in Shanghai, and noted there is no official national camera count. Figures of 600 to 700 million cameras circulating in secondary coverage are estimates and should be treated as such.\n\nThis entry rests substantially on human rights researchers and investigative journalism operating under significant state restriction on information. That caveat is as important as the entry itself.", "source": "IPVM technical analysis; Georgetown CSET; Brookings Institution", "source_url": "https://ipvm.com/reports/sharpeyes", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0a4748497658ff0f" }, { "id": "0f103a1c-202a-47e9-ac00-c2c9797ebc77", "code": "PAI-0F103A1C", "force": "Ordos traffic police", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "Ordos, Inner Mongolia", "technology": "Robot traffic police", "technology_slug": "police-ground-robots", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Xinhua, in a report of 4 May 2026 carried by the Hunan provincial government website on 5 May and by CGTN, says two robot traffic police have been on duty in Ordos since 1 May 2026, the start of the Labour Day holiday, using Internet of Things and AI technology for traffic direction, traffic safety education and intelligent patrols. It quotes Wu Qingyun, described as a traffic police officer in Ordos, as saying the robots have \"enhanced traffic efficiency and freed up manpower at intersections\". The reports do not describe the deployment as a trial, and give no vendor, legal basis or oversight arrangement; they concern the holiday period and give no later information on whether the robots remain in use. The operational status follows the description of the robots as on duty. The same report describes similar robots in Hangzhou, which has its own record, and a robot directing traffic in Kashgar without naming the responsible body.", "source": "Xinhua via Hunan provincial government website, 5 May 2026; CGTN, 4 May 2026", "source_url": "https://www.enghunan.gov.cn/hneng/News/Text_News/202605/t20260505_33969433.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0f103a1c-202a-47e9-ac00-c2c9797ebc77" }, { "id": "36f8b44a-b911-458d-a23e-3da86248c05c", "code": "PAI-36F8B44A", "force": "Public Security Bureau (multiple cities)", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "National, multiple cities", "technology": "AI Autonomous Police Patrol Vehicles", "technology_slug": "autonomous-patrol-vehicles", "vendor": "Not disclosed in available reporting", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Not disclosed. China has no independent judicial authorisation requirement for domestic police surveillance technology comparable to Western warrant systems", "oversight": "None independent of the state disclosed in available reporting", "notes": "A fleet of driverless police patrol vehicles equipped with 360-degree panoramic cameras, facial recognition and onboard AI processors, operating around the clock without officers aboard. Authorities describe the vehicles as identifying watchlisted individuals, fraudulent number plates and traffic or safety violations in real time, as part of a wider strategy of embedding AI into everyday policing and reducing reliance on human patrol officers.", "source": "Reported via multiple outlets citing Chinese state media", "source_url": "https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinas-ai-police-cars-use-facial-recognition-24-7-surveillance-shift-citizens-1760701", "last_checked": "2026-08-18", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/36f8b44a-b911-458d-a23e-3da86248c05c" }, { "id": "5e26ceea-c216-4317-9fa3-2efc6439d723", "code": "PAI-5E26CEEA", "force": "Wuhu Public Security Bureau", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "Anhui", "technology": "Humanoid police robots", "technology_slug": "police-ground-robots", "vendor": "AiMOGA Robotics, backed by Chery (R001)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "January 2026", "legal_basis": "Not disclosed", "oversight": "None independent of the state disclosed", "notes": "AiMOGA Robotics' 'Intelligent Police Unit R001' was reported by Xinhua as deployed alongside human officers in Wuhu, Anhui Province, from 10 January 2026. No municipal public security bureau has published its own unit count.", "source": "Reuters, August 2026 (syndicated); Xinhua and People's Daily, January 2026", "source_url": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/world/china-deploys-robot-cops-on-traffic-duty--5564378", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5e26ceea-c216-4317-9fa3-2efc6439d723" }, { "id": "5786eaf43e8ddf00", "code": "PAI-5786EAF4", "force": "Xinjiang regional police", "country": "China", "country_code": "cn", "is_country": true, "region": "Xinjiang", "technology": "Integrated Joint Operations Platform (IJOP)", "technology_slug": "ijop", "vendor": "State-developed, with Hikvision (CETC) reported as an equipment supplier", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2016", "legal_basis": "State “Strike Hard” campaign policy; described by Human Rights Watch as contrary to Chinese law and international human rights obligations", "oversight": "None independent; documented externally through investigative research rather than official reporting", "notes": "An algorithmic policing platform in Xinjiang that aggregates personal and behavioural data to generate alerts on individuals considered suspicious, which are transmitted to police for follow-up. Human Rights Watch, writing in April 2026, continues to describe IJOP in the present tense as a mass surveillance tool in place in the region.\n\nLabour transfer programmes tied to this surveillance apparatus have expanded from 11 to 14 provinces since a 2020 ASPI report first documented them, with new destinations including Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu. Uyghur returnees to China are reported to face facial recognition flagging at airports and immediate police interview, with documented cases of returnees disappearing within weeks of arrival.\n\nA note on a claim this entry does not make: material circulating about an IJOP 2.0 upgrade during 2026 traces to a low-quality source and is not recorded here pending primary corroboration. An earlier version of this entry referred to that upgrade; it has been removed.\n\nAs with the Skynet entry, this rests on researchers working under significant state restriction on independent verification.", "source": "Human Rights Watch, “China’s Algorithms of Repression: Reverse Engineering a Xinjiang Police Mass Surveillance App”", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/05/01/chinas-algorithms-repression/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5786eaf43e8ddf00" }, { "id": "df0199af-cb0a-4953-bf9c-63acfeee5e8e", "code": "PAI-DF0199AF", "force": "Policía Nacional de Colombia", "country": "Colombia", "country_code": "co", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "IAPol crime prediction and patrol allocation", "technology_slug": "place-based-predictive-policing", "vendor": "High Tech Software S.A.S.", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "IAPol — Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada al Servicio de Policía — produces weekly forecasts of where, when and what type of crime is expected, expressed as heat maps over a 200 by 200 metre grid with intensity values from 0 to 255, broken down by the three daily shifts, with crime type assigned by a random forest classifier. It draws on police databases including SIEDCO (crime statistics, arrests, seizures, recovered vehicles), RNMC (police code infractions) and the 123 emergency call system, and is available to police stations nationwide, where it is used to distribute personnel and direct operations. Cerosetenta, the Universidad de los Andes investigative outlet, reports it was originally built as XCrime by High Tech Software S.A.S. under a contract signed in September 2020 worth about 5 billion Colombian pesos, was renamed IAPol in mid-2025, became operational in August 2025, and has a maintenance contract running to 30 November 2026. El Espectador, reporting from the police General Directorate, describes it as generating predictive heat maps from 15 police databases with real-time patrol routing, and names Colonel Óscar Andrés Bernhard Rojas as the officer responsible; that report gives a current budget allocation of 5.8 billion pesos and an earlier start in 2019 — the 2019, 2020 and 2025 dates are not reconciled by anything read here, which is why the 'since' field carries only the year operation is reported to have begun. The Universidad de los Andes public algorithm registry lists IAPol as in operation, processing personal data, with 2026 as the operational year. Criticism is part of the record: analysts at Quantil, quoted by Cerosetenta, conclude that the location and timing outputs are descriptive statistics over historical crime data rather than machine learning, and the police say no performance metrics exist because police action itself changes the outcome. legalBasis and oversight are empty: Cerosetenta reports that Colombia has no specific regulation of police AI, that a bill was introduced in May 2025 with uncertain prospects, and that no data is published on operations conducted using the system. Sources are in Spanish.", "source": "Cerosetenta (Universidad de los Andes)", "source_url": "https://cerosetenta.uniandes.edu.co/policia-la-ia-que-promete-predecir-crimenes-para-la-policia-nacional-iapol/", "last_checked": "2026-09-10", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/df0199af-cb0a-4953-bf9c-63acfeee5e8e" }, { "id": "a9f7a94b-a7df-4812-834b-7740376d96ff", "code": "PAI-A9F7A94B", "force": "Czech Police", "country": "Czech Republic", "country_code": "cz", "is_country": true, "region": "Czech Republic, national", "technology": "AI and machine learning forensic tools", "technology_slug": "ai-ml-forensic-tools-bundle", "vendor": "Multiple: BriefCam, Magnet AXIOM, Cellebrite UFED, Phonexia, Newton, ABBYY FineReader", "vendor_slug": "briefcam", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute for the tools themselves. The disclosure was published under Section 5(3) of Act No. 106/1999 Coll. on free access to information. The force states it is preparing for obligations under EU Regulation 2024/1689 (the AI Act).", "oversight": "No dedicated regulator identified. The force states it plans to carry out a fundamental-rights impact assessment once AI Office and European Commission methodology is published.", "notes": "The Czech Police's own public statement is unusual in explicitly distinguishing which of its forensic tools it considers AI/machine learning (this list) from which it does not: it names TrueAllele, STRmix, LRmix, StatistiX, CODIS and FamLinkX as fixed statistical or probabilistic systems it does not classify as AI. The force states the AI/ML tools listed here are used for preliminary information processing and do not independently collect, evaluate or generate evidence. This entry bundles several distinct tools under one entry because the source describes them collectively rather than confirming each one's individual deployment scale.\n\nSourcing, verified August 2026: this comes from the Czech Police's own freedom-of-information response, published on its website under Section 5(3) of Act No. 106/1999 Coll. The wording confirms the entry's central point directly. The force states it does not currently use any AI system to independently collect, evaluate or generate evidence, and that tools applying machine learning technologies are used for partial tasks in the preliminary processing of information, naming ABBYY FineReader, BriefCam, Magnet AXIOM, Cellebrite UFED, speech-to-text from Phonexia and Newton, together with outputs from Ministry of the Interior security research projects.\n\nThe same response records that the force plans to conduct a fundamental-rights impact assessment under the EU AI Act, but that it does not yet know the required content, scope or form because the relevant AI Office and European Commission methodology has not been published.\n\nFor independent context rather than force self-description, the civil society organisation Iuridicum Remedium has published a mapping study of Czech police AI use ('Cesky Minority Report'), which covers automated recognition of faces, sounds and text and is a useful counterweight to a disclosure written by the force itself.", "source": "Policie CR, published freedom-of-information response", "source_url": "https://policie.gov.cz/clanek/vyuzivani-umele-inteligence-k-plneni-ukolu-policie-ceske-republiky.aspx", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a9f7a94b-a7df-4812-834b-7740376d96ff" }, { "id": "ba94b600-5bb2-4c74-97ba-623048048949", "code": "PAI-BA94B600", "force": "Københavns Politi (Copenhagen Police)", "country": "Denmark", "country_code": "dk", "is_country": true, "region": "Copenhagen", "technology": "Object and facial recognition in investigative video review", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Rigspolitiet facial recognition pilot", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2025", "legal_basis": "Guidelines issued by Rigspolitiet and Koebenhavns Politi set out which case types the technology may be used in. Facial recognition is limited to serious crime against the person - the announcement names murder, attempted murder, aggravated violence and rape - to state security cases and to special operations. Object recognition may be used in all criminal cases.", "oversight": "A data protection impact assessment was carried out and submitted to Datatilsynet, the Danish Data Protection Authority. Every use must be documented in the case file, and every video sequence the system identifies must be reviewed manually by an investigator before it is used in an investigation.", "notes": "Established by the Danish National Police's own announcement of 7 March 2025, which is the source for every field above. The status is recorded as trial, not operational, because that announcement describes a pilot run by Rigspolitiet with Koebenhavns Politi, confined during the pilot to the Copenhagen police district and stated to run until autumn 2025. IMPORTANT CAVEAT FOR REVIEW: no source read in this run establishes what happened when that pilot period ended. Searching in Danish for an evaluation, an extension or a roll-out to other police districts returned nothing beyond the original announcement and its republication. The record therefore describes the last state established by evidence, and may understate current use. Danish reporting read in this run also refers to a preceding political agreement between the government and four parties permitting police facial recognition for serious crime against the person, state security cases and manhunts, and excluding real-time use; that agreement is not dated in the page read and is not relied on for any field here. Vendor left empty: no supplier is named in the announcement.", "source": "Rigspolitiet", "source_url": "https://politi.dk/rigspolitiet/nyhedsliste/politiet-tager-objekt-og-ansigtsgenkendelsesteknologi-i-brug-i-et-pilotforsoeg/2025/03/07", "last_checked": "2026-09-06", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ba94b600-5bb2-4c74-97ba-623048048949" }, { "id": "eb6a8ca4-3417-4be8-bed6-4d575d473cca", "code": "PAI-EB6A8CA4", "force": "Rigspolitiet (Danish National Police)", "country": "Denmark", "country_code": "dk", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "Automatic number plate recognition (ANPG)", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Separately regulated by the ANPG executive order (bekendtgoerelse om politiets anvendelse af automatisk nummerpladegenkendelse). Rigspolitiet is named on its own website as data controller for the system, and chapter 4 of that order governs when ANPG data is deleted.", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by the Danish National Police's own page on its processing of personal data, which states that Rigspolitiet is data controller for ANPG, that its purpose is to obtain images of number plates from cameras, and that it is separately regulated by a named executive order whose chapter 4 sets deletion rules. Scale comes from secondary Danish reporting rather than a police publication: Version2, 4 November 2020, reported roughly 250 fixed ANPG cameras across Denmark, mobile cameras on 50-100 patrol vehicles at two cameras per vehicle, around 10 transportable manned camera sets, and a replacement tender valued at between 150 and 600 million kroner. The 'since' field is deliberately empty because two sources read in this run disagree: the Danish public-sector AI registry offentlig-ai.dk dates first police use to 2015, while Version2 says the system has been in operation since 2016. No supplier is named, for the same reason - offentlig-ai.dk names ITS Teknik A/S, but a large replacement procurement was under way in 2020 and no source read in this run establishes who supplies the system today. Oversight left empty: no source read names a specific supervisory arrangement for ANPG beyond ordinary Danish data protection law.", "source": "Danish National Police (politi.dk)", "source_url": "https://politi.dk/om-politiet/om-hjemmesiden/politiets-brug-af-personoplysninger", "last_checked": "2026-09-06", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/eb6a8ca4-3417-4be8-bed6-4d575d473cca" }, { "id": "1e593287-9922-4c72-a89b-7b268f700b5f", "code": "PAI-1E593287", "force": "Rigspolitiet (Danish National Police)", "country": "Denmark", "country_code": "dk", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "POL-INTEL cross-domain police analysis platform", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Rigspolitiet is named on its own website as data controller for POL-INTEL, which is regulated by executive order; chapter 4 of that order sets out when information held in POL-INTEL is deleted.", "oversight": "", "notes": "The Danish National Police's own page on its processing of personal data establishes that POL-INTEL exists, that Rigspolitiet is its data controller, that it is used to carry out cross-cutting information analyses in support of police work, and that it is regulated by an executive order governing deletion. Everything beyond that comes from secondary sources and is flagged as such. The Danish public-sector AI registry offentlig-ai.dk, read in this run, names Palantir Technologies Inc. as supplier, dates operation to 2017, describes a 'SmartSpot' function for identifying areas at higher risk of crime, lists the police registers the platform draws on including POLSAS case management, the vehicle register, criminal records and the national photograph register, and records that as of 2023 work was under way to add telephone data, ANPG number plate records and passport and driving licence registers. The same registry states that police do not use algorithms for profiling or prediction of crime at individual level. The 'since' field is left empty because 2017 rests on that registry alone and no police or ministry publication establishing the date was readable in this run: the Danish Ministry of Justice press release on the system is blocked to automated fetching at the robots.txt layer, and the Folketing Legal Affairs Committee answers on Palantir software returned 403. Those parliamentary answers are the obvious way to settle both the date and the supplier.", "source": "Danish National Police (politi.dk)", "source_url": "https://politi.dk/om-politiet/om-hjemmesiden/politiets-brug-af-personoplysninger", "last_checked": "2026-09-06", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/1e593287-9922-4c72-a89b-7b268f700b5f" }, { "id": "84af89b9-bfdd-4201-9220-aae3e5a23a49", "code": "PAI-84AF89B9", "force": "Estonian Police and Border Guard Board", "country": "Estonia", "country_code": "ee", "is_country": true, "region": "Estonia, national", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in the source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "None identified. Estonian police have stated publicly that no regulatory basis for facial recognition exists, and the separate plate-recognition camera network is not referred to in any statute.", "oversight": "None identified. Estonian reporting notes the plate-recognition network has never been debated at Riigikogu level.", "notes": "Estonia previously deployed facial-recognition-enabled cameras capable of watchlist alerts; that earlier deployment was reported as ineffective. The clearest recent confirmed use was a defined-area deployment during the Ukrainian president's 2024 visit. Estonia is also reported to be developing automated licence plate recognition and AI-based social media crime-prevention tools, though those are recorded here as context rather than as separately confirmed deployments.\n\nDIRECTLY CONTRADICTED, and recorded here rather than resolved. In May 2025 Roger Kumm, head of the Police and Border Guard Board's prevention and offence proceedings bureau, said publicly that the PPA cannot use facial recognition systems because no regulation for them exists. That statement is hard to reconcile with this entry's status of an ongoing trial, though it is not necessarily inconsistent with a one-off, time-limited deployment for a state visit. The status and start date on this entry should be treated as unconfirmed pending a source that settles which is right.\n\nWhat is well documented is adjacent but different. Estonian reporting establishes that the PPA operates a national automatic number plate recognition network: 250 cameras of which 228 were working, capturing more than 20 million vehicle images a month, concentrated in Harju, Tartu and Viljandi counties and typically sited at major junctions or settlement entrances. Cameras are often installed by agreement with, and paid for by, the local municipality. The PPA describes using it primarily in serious proceedings and to save lives. Reporting notes this network is not mentioned in any Estonian law and has never been the subject of parliamentary or public debate.\n\nSeparately proposed, not operational: the Interior Ministry's development plans include a nationwide surveillance camera network supporting both face and plate recognition, with supporting analyses intended by 2027, and an AI capability for processing public-space video to detect threats. Politicians told ERR in March 2025 they had not been briefed on the plan, describing it as an official-level proposal.", "source": "ERR (Estonian Public Broadcasting); Postimees; Eesti Ekspress", "source_url": "https://www.postimees.ee/8248412/kumm-ppa-ei-saa-kasutada-naotuvastussusteeme-sest-regulatsioon-puudub", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/84af89b9-bfdd-4201-9220-aae3e5a23a49" }, { "id": "67851148-4d16-4cb0-9667-23f3cbd62175", "code": "PAI-67851148", "force": "eu-LISA (EU Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems)", "country": "European Union", "country_code": "eu", "is_country": false, "region": "European Union and Schengen area", "technology": "EU Entry/Exit System (EES)", "technology_slug": "border-biometric-systems", "vendor": "eu-LISA", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Entry/Exit System (EES)", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "EU Regulation establishing the Entry/Exit System", "oversight": "European Commission; national data protection authorities and the European Data Protection Supervisor", "notes": "On a non-EU traveller's first entry and exit the system electronically registers passport data plus biometrics, specifically a facial image and fingerprints, with entry and exit records. On subsequent crossings it performs fast biometric verification. It replaces manual passport stamping and covers short stays of 90 days in any 180.\n\nBecame operational on 12 October 2025 with a six-month progressive rollout, and fully operational from 10 April 2026 at all external Schengen crossing points except Cyprus and Ireland.\n\nThis is among the largest-scale biometric systems in this catalogue, and differs from investigative facial recognition in that it verifies an asserted identity against government-held documents rather than searching to name an unknown person.\n\nRecorded for eu-LISA, which operates the central system. National border authorities that use it can be added one by one.", "source": "European Commission", "source_url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/more-secure-efficient-and-convenient-way-travelling-non-eu-nationals-2026-04-10_en", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/67851148-4d16-4cb0-9667-23f3cbd62175" }, { "id": "b2e92bc6-1d69-4a0f-ac15-0e023ea3814a", "code": "PAI-B2E92BC6", "force": "National Bureau of Investigation", "country": "Finland", "country_code": "fi", "is_country": true, "region": "Finland, national", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "Clearview AI, and separately Arachnid", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2020", "legal_basis": "None in place at the time; this absence is what the regulatory reprimand below addresses", "oversight": "Finnish Data Protection Ombudsman, who reprimanded the National Police Board", "notes": "Finland's National Bureau of Investigation ran approximately 120 Clearview AI searches in early 2020 while trying to identify possible victims in child sexual abuse material, producing one hit, and separately tested Arachnid for the same purpose; police concluded Clearview was unsuitable for the task. The Finnish Data Protection Ombudsman subsequently reprimanded the National Police Board because the trial had taken place without appropriate controller approval or supervision.", "source": "Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman (Finland), statutory reprimand", "source_url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/en/-/police-reprimanded-for-illegal-processing-of-personal-data-with-facial-recognition-software", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b2e92bc6-1d69-4a0f-ac15-0e023ea3814a" }, { "id": "88ebc401-6f8d-4d5b-b6f7-ff1adf70d9b4", "code": "PAI-88EBC401", "force": "Gendarmerie nationale", "country": "France", "country_code": "fr", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Video Analytics Search (BriefCam)", "technology_slug": "briefcam", "vendor": "BriefCam (Canon)", "vendor_slug": "briefcam", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2015", "legal_basis": "No specific statute authorised its use for its first eight years. The interior ministry's own inspection concluded it was used in a judicial, retrospective context rather than real-time administrative surveillance, which affects but does not resolve its legal footing", "oversight": "CNIL (formal notice of 15 November 2024); inter-inspectorate report (IGA, IGPN, IGGN), commissioned by the interior ministry and published October 2024", "notes": "One of two records (Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale) for French use of BriefCam; the account below covers both forces.\n\nThis is more precise, and more interesting, than a flat operational status conveys, and is worth recording carefully. Investigative outlet Disclose revealed in November 2023 that police and gendarmerie had used BriefCam since 2015 without a clear legal basis, including its facial recognition capability, which is illegal in French public space. The gendarmerie suspended use three days after the report; the national police suspended use in December 2023. The official inter-inspectorate report, finalised February 2024 and published October 2024, examined approximately 600 total uses and found exactly one illegal facial-recognition use. It recommended lifting the suspension and continuing to use BriefCam in investigative services until it can be replaced by a sovereign French-developed system, Systeme V, which has no facial recognition capability and was still described as under development in parliamentary answers as recently as mid-2025. This entry is recorded as operational on the basis that the report recommended resuming use pending that replacement, but the transition to Systeme V should be treated as ongoing rather than complete.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The CNIL (Decision MED-2024-150 of 15 November 2024, summarised in its notice of 5 December 2024) served a formal notice on the Interior Ministry to send all missing conformity commitments and data protection impact assessments for its video-analysis software, and to remove or restrict BriefCam's facial recognition feature. The CNIL found that investigative services have used BriefCam-type software since 2015 on recorded footage in judicial investigations, that police and gendarmerie do not use augmented cameras on live public-road images for operational purposes, that one isolated facial recognition use in a judicial investigation was reported, and that no real-time facial recognition use was found. It treats these tools as judicial matching software governed by Articles 230-20 et seq. and R. 40-39 et seq. of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Decree 2012-687, with case-by-case magistrate authorisation.", "source": "CNIL, notice of 5 December 2024; Ministry of the Interior inter-inspectorate report, October 2024", "source_url": "https://cnil.fr/fr/utilisation-briefcam-logiciels-analyse-video-par-etat-communes-la-cnil-prononce-plusieurs-mises-en-demeure", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/88ebc401-6f8d-4d5b-b6f7-ff1adf70d9b4" }, { "id": "b39743e2-979d-4019-9954-0b9e1e62143b", "code": "PAI-B39743E2", "force": "Gendarmerie nationale", "country": "France", "country_code": "fr", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Algorithmic video surveillance (VSA / vidéosurveillance algorithmique)", "technology_slug": "france-vsa", "vendor": "Multiple contractors", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "court", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Article 10 of Law no. 2023-380 as amended by Law no. 2026-798 of 18 August 2026 (loi Ripost): the experiment is extended to 31 December 2030 for the sole purpose of preventing terrorism and serious threats to personal safety (Article 19 of the bill adopted on 21 July 2026; Article 50 of the published law, per Leto). Decision 2026-915 DC (14 August 2026) upheld it with a reservation that authorisation for certain buildings may not exceed three months. Biometric identification remains excluded; real-time facial recognition remains prohibited in public space.", "oversight": "Conseil constitutionnel; CNIL (data protection authority)", "notes": "One of two records (Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale) for French use of algorithmic video surveillance; the account below covers both forces.\n\nPiloted at the Paris 2024 Olympics for crowd management and threat detection, flagging anomalies for a trained human operator rather than acting automatically. The legislative history is unusually tangled and worth recording precisely, because the experiment has now been extended twice after being struck down once.\n\nThe original Olympic-law authorisation was due to expire 31 March 2025. A first extension attempt, attached to transport safety legislation, was censured by the Conseil constitutionnel on 24 April 2025. The experiment was then extended to 31 December 2027 by the JOP 2030 law, upheld by the Conseil constitutionnel in March 2026, with an evaluation report due 30 September 2027. The loi Ripost, definitively adopted 21 July 2026, extended it again to 31 December 2030 and widened its scope from public roads and event perimeters to the interior of buildings open to the public, subject to Interior Ministry authorisation.\n\nRipost also opens a separate and distinct experiment, running to 31 December 2027, permitting algorithmic analysis of surveillance footage in retail premises, supermarkets and shopping centres for the sole purpose of preventing theft. That is framed with its own safeguards: no biometric identification or facial recognition, mandatory human review, a CNIL impact assessment, a register of actions taken on alerts, and a published conformity attestation.\n\nWorth noting against the direction of travel: the official evaluation committee found the Olympic pilot's technical performance uneven and its operational value limited. The extensions have proceeded regardless.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Conseil constitutionnel ruled on the loi Ripost on 14 August 2026 (decision no. 2026-915 DC, partly unconstitutional, with reservations). Its press release states that the extension of the algorithmic video surveillance experiment was upheld subject to a reservation that, \"s'agissant de certains bâtiments\", the authorisation \"ne peut excéder trois mois\". Leto, a legal information site (7 October 2026), reports that this applies to buildings exposed to a permanent risk and that the authorisation can be renewed while the conditions for it are still met. The law was published as Law no. 2026-798 of 18 August 2026 (Journal officiel no. 192, 19 August 2026). The video surveillance provision was Article 19 of the bill as adopted in July; Leto gives it as Article 50 of the published law, in which Article 19 concerns the unlawful occupation of land. Leto also reports that the government's evaluation report to Parliament is due no later than 30 September 2030.", "source": "Conseil constitutionnel, decision 2026-915 DC press release, 14 August 2026; Leto, 7 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/actualites/communique/decision-n-2026-915-dc-du-14-aout-2026-communique-de-presse", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b39743e2-979d-4019-9954-0b9e1e62143b" }, { "id": "41cd8398-0d29-4aa9-8e3e-6de89a44f8b0", "code": "PAI-41CD8398", "force": "Gendarmerie nationale", "country": "France", "country_code": "fr", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition (handheld, NEO devices)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Cognitec (Germany)", "vendor_slug": "cognitec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Contested. The Code of Criminal Procedure restricts real-time TAJ checks to specially authorised officers during an investigation; independent reporting finds the database used for on-the-spot street identity checks outside that basis.", "oversight": "CNIL (French data protection authority); internal Gendarmerie monitoring tool 'Citar' introduced December 2025; no dedicated facial recognition legislation exists", "notes": "One of two records (Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale) for French use of NEO handheld facial recognition; the account below covers both forces.\n\nFrench police and gendarmerie officers carry handheld devices, branded NEO (nouvel equipement operationnel), that run facial recognition software developed by the German company Cognitec, matching photographs taken in the field against the TAJ criminal records database. Facial matching became available on these devices from 2025; a desktop version had existed since 2022.\n\nTAJ (Traitement des Antecedents Judiciaires) holds around 17 million records on arrested and accused individuals, 48 million on victims, and roughly 9 million frontal photographs, operated by the Ministry of the Interior. Queries against it rose from 375,000 in 2019 to nearly 1 million by 2024.\n\nAn investigation by the non-profit outlet Disclose, published in partnership with La Quadrature du Net in March 2026, found the database being used for real-time identity checks on public streets, which the French Code of Criminal Procedure does not permit: TAJ may only be used by specially authorised officers during an investigation, not for on-the-spot verification. Disclose spoke to six individuals in Paris, Marseille and Lyon photographed by police in the preceding four years, in some cases without consent, including one person scanned at a pro-Palestinian protest in Paris. A 2023 report from the police's own internal inspectorate, the IGPN, had already found the database was 'very frequently used on public streets during identity checks'.\n\nThe Gendarmerie disputes the characterisation. An editorial in its own newspaper, L'Essor de la Gendarmerie, states the tool is limited to criminal investigations, identity checks where a person lacks or refuses identification, and intelligence gathering, describing its purpose as an investigative aid rather than mass surveillance. An internal memo states that results 'must be carefully reviewed by users' and 'must not be considered as evidence'. The Gendarmerie states access is restricted to judicially authorised officers, excluding volunteer deputy gendarmes and reservists. TAJ is monitored by the French data protection authority CNIL, and the Gendarmerie introduced an internal monitoring tool called Citar in December 2025 intended to reduce unauthorised access.\n\nLa Quadrature du Net, which has previously and unsuccessfully sued over French police use of facial recognition, argues there is no legislation specifying how the technology may be used, by whom, or under what oversight, and that equipping thousands of officers with it amounts to surveillance authorised by the state without a legal framework. This site records a genuine dispute between an internal memo describing careful, restricted use and independent reporting describing frequent use outside the permitted legal basis, rather than resolving it.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Next (10 July 2026) reports, on the strength of the Disclose investigation, that about 230,000 NEO 2 smartphones used by police since 2022 and NeoGend devices used by gendarmes since 2020 can run the facial recognition app, which searches the GASPARD photo file; its interface says it may be used only in a judicial investigation. It reports that Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez told the Senate on 1 April 2026 that use during identity checks is illegal and that he condemns it, and that a court in Valence acquitted eight protesters, reportedly because police had used facial recognition unlawfully. Both are as reported by Next, which credits Mediapart for its account of the Valence trial; Nuñez is quoted as saying: \"Cette technique n'est pas légale\".", "source": "Next (next.ink), 10 July 2026; Disclose and La Quadrature du Net, March 2026", "source_url": "https://next.ink/246913/reconnaissance-faciale-la-politique-du-chiffre-incite-la-police-a-violer-la-loi/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/41cd8398-0d29-4aa9-8e3e-6de89a44f8b0" }, { "id": "b700d485-8c2a-49ee-b214-576b96557a12", "code": "PAI-B700D485", "force": "Police nationale", "country": "France", "country_code": "fr", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Video Analytics Search (BriefCam)", "technology_slug": "briefcam", "vendor": "BriefCam (Canon)", "vendor_slug": "briefcam", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2015", "legal_basis": "No specific statute authorised its use for its first eight years. The interior ministry's own inspection concluded it was used in a judicial, retrospective context rather than real-time administrative surveillance, which affects but does not resolve its legal footing", "oversight": "CNIL (formal notice of 15 November 2024); inter-inspectorate report (IGA, IGPN, IGGN), commissioned by the interior ministry and published October 2024", "notes": "One of two records (Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale) for French use of BriefCam; the account below covers both forces.\n\nThis is more precise, and more interesting, than a flat operational status conveys, and is worth recording carefully. Investigative outlet Disclose revealed in November 2023 that police and gendarmerie had used BriefCam since 2015 without a clear legal basis, including its facial recognition capability, which is illegal in French public space. The gendarmerie suspended use three days after the report; the national police suspended use in December 2023. The official inter-inspectorate report, finalised February 2024 and published October 2024, examined approximately 600 total uses and found exactly one illegal facial-recognition use. It recommended lifting the suspension and continuing to use BriefCam in investigative services until it can be replaced by a sovereign French-developed system, Systeme V, which has no facial recognition capability and was still described as under development in parliamentary answers as recently as mid-2025. This entry is recorded as operational on the basis that the report recommended resuming use pending that replacement, but the transition to Systeme V should be treated as ongoing rather than complete.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The CNIL (Decision MED-2024-150 of 15 November 2024, summarised in its notice of 5 December 2024) served a formal notice on the Interior Ministry to send all missing conformity commitments and data protection impact assessments for its video-analysis software, and to remove or restrict BriefCam's facial recognition feature. The CNIL found that investigative services have used BriefCam-type software since 2015 on recorded footage in judicial investigations, that police and gendarmerie do not use augmented cameras on live public-road images for operational purposes, that one isolated facial recognition use in a judicial investigation was reported, and that no real-time facial recognition use was found. It treats these tools as judicial matching software governed by Articles 230-20 et seq. and R. 40-39 et seq. of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Decree 2012-687, with case-by-case magistrate authorisation.", "source": "CNIL, notice of 5 December 2024; Ministry of the Interior inter-inspectorate report, October 2024", "source_url": "https://cnil.fr/fr/utilisation-briefcam-logiciels-analyse-video-par-etat-communes-la-cnil-prononce-plusieurs-mises-en-demeure", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b700d485-8c2a-49ee-b214-576b96557a12" }, { "id": "0a2aae75-6f80-4e5a-a74a-52f4cc9af8d6", "code": "PAI-0A2AAE75", "force": "Police nationale", "country": "France", "country_code": "fr", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Algorithmic video surveillance (VSA / vidéosurveillance algorithmique)", "technology_slug": "france-vsa", "vendor": "Multiple contractors", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "court", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Article 10 of Law no. 2023-380 as amended by Law no. 2026-798 of 18 August 2026 (loi Ripost): the experiment is extended to 31 December 2030 for the sole purpose of preventing terrorism and serious threats to personal safety (Article 19 of the bill adopted on 21 July 2026; Article 50 of the published law, per Leto). Decision 2026-915 DC (14 August 2026) upheld it with a reservation that authorisation for certain buildings may not exceed three months. Biometric identification remains excluded; real-time facial recognition remains prohibited in public space.", "oversight": "Conseil constitutionnel; CNIL (data protection authority)", "notes": "One of two records (Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale) for French use of algorithmic video surveillance; the account below covers both forces.\n\nPiloted at the Paris 2024 Olympics for crowd management and threat detection, flagging anomalies for a trained human operator rather than acting automatically. The legislative history is unusually tangled and worth recording precisely, because the experiment has now been extended twice after being struck down once.\n\nThe original Olympic-law authorisation was due to expire 31 March 2025. A first extension attempt, attached to transport safety legislation, was censured by the Conseil constitutionnel on 24 April 2025. The experiment was then extended to 31 December 2027 by the JOP 2030 law, upheld by the Conseil constitutionnel in March 2026, with an evaluation report due 30 September 2027. The loi Ripost, definitively adopted 21 July 2026, extended it again to 31 December 2030 and widened its scope from public roads and event perimeters to the interior of buildings open to the public, subject to Interior Ministry authorisation.\n\nRipost also opens a separate and distinct experiment, running to 31 December 2027, permitting algorithmic analysis of surveillance footage in retail premises, supermarkets and shopping centres for the sole purpose of preventing theft. That is framed with its own safeguards: no biometric identification or facial recognition, mandatory human review, a CNIL impact assessment, a register of actions taken on alerts, and a published conformity attestation.\n\nWorth noting against the direction of travel: the official evaluation committee found the Olympic pilot's technical performance uneven and its operational value limited. The extensions have proceeded regardless.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Conseil constitutionnel ruled on the loi Ripost on 14 August 2026 (decision no. 2026-915 DC, partly unconstitutional, with reservations). Its press release states that the extension of the algorithmic video surveillance experiment was upheld subject to a reservation that, \"s'agissant de certains bâtiments\", the authorisation \"ne peut excéder trois mois\". Leto, a legal information site (7 October 2026), reports that this applies to buildings exposed to a permanent risk and that the authorisation can be renewed while the conditions for it are still met. The law was published as Law no. 2026-798 of 18 August 2026 (Journal officiel no. 192, 19 August 2026). The video surveillance provision was Article 19 of the bill as adopted in July; Leto gives it as Article 50 of the published law, in which Article 19 concerns the unlawful occupation of land. Leto also reports that the government's evaluation report to Parliament is due no later than 30 September 2030.", "source": "Conseil constitutionnel, decision 2026-915 DC press release, 14 August 2026; Leto, 7 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/actualites/communique/decision-n-2026-915-dc-du-14-aout-2026-communique-de-presse", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0a2aae75-6f80-4e5a-a74a-52f4cc9af8d6" }, { "id": "eb541938-2397-4e59-8612-ab8cad0b54f9", "code": "PAI-EB541938", "force": "Police nationale", "country": "France", "country_code": "fr", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition (handheld, NEO devices)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Cognitec (Germany)", "vendor_slug": "cognitec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Contested. The Code of Criminal Procedure restricts real-time TAJ checks to specially authorised officers during an investigation; independent reporting finds the database used for on-the-spot street identity checks outside that basis.", "oversight": "CNIL (French data protection authority); internal Gendarmerie monitoring tool 'Citar' introduced December 2025; no dedicated facial recognition legislation exists", "notes": "One of two records (Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale) for French use of NEO handheld facial recognition; the account below covers both forces.\n\nFrench police and gendarmerie officers carry handheld devices, branded NEO (nouvel equipement operationnel), that run facial recognition software developed by the German company Cognitec, matching photographs taken in the field against the TAJ criminal records database. Facial matching became available on these devices from 2025; a desktop version had existed since 2022.\n\nTAJ (Traitement des Antecedents Judiciaires) holds around 17 million records on arrested and accused individuals, 48 million on victims, and roughly 9 million frontal photographs, operated by the Ministry of the Interior. Queries against it rose from 375,000 in 2019 to nearly 1 million by 2024.\n\nAn investigation by the non-profit outlet Disclose, published in partnership with La Quadrature du Net in March 2026, found the database being used for real-time identity checks on public streets, which the French Code of Criminal Procedure does not permit: TAJ may only be used by specially authorised officers during an investigation, not for on-the-spot verification. Disclose spoke to six individuals in Paris, Marseille and Lyon photographed by police in the preceding four years, in some cases without consent, including one person scanned at a pro-Palestinian protest in Paris. A 2023 report from the police's own internal inspectorate, the IGPN, had already found the database was 'very frequently used on public streets during identity checks'.\n\nThe Gendarmerie disputes the characterisation. An editorial in its own newspaper, L'Essor de la Gendarmerie, states the tool is limited to criminal investigations, identity checks where a person lacks or refuses identification, and intelligence gathering, describing its purpose as an investigative aid rather than mass surveillance. An internal memo states that results 'must be carefully reviewed by users' and 'must not be considered as evidence'. The Gendarmerie states access is restricted to judicially authorised officers, excluding volunteer deputy gendarmes and reservists. TAJ is monitored by the French data protection authority CNIL, and the Gendarmerie introduced an internal monitoring tool called Citar in December 2025 intended to reduce unauthorised access.\n\nLa Quadrature du Net, which has previously and unsuccessfully sued over French police use of facial recognition, argues there is no legislation specifying how the technology may be used, by whom, or under what oversight, and that equipping thousands of officers with it amounts to surveillance authorised by the state without a legal framework. This site records a genuine dispute between an internal memo describing careful, restricted use and independent reporting describing frequent use outside the permitted legal basis, rather than resolving it.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Next (10 July 2026) reports, on the strength of the Disclose investigation, that about 230,000 NEO 2 smartphones used by police since 2022 and NeoGend devices used by gendarmes since 2020 can run the facial recognition app, which searches the GASPARD photo file; its interface says it may be used only in a judicial investigation. It reports that Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez told the Senate on 1 April 2026 that use during identity checks is illegal and that he condemns it, and that a court in Valence acquitted eight protesters, reportedly because police had used facial recognition unlawfully. Both are as reported by Next, which credits Mediapart for its account of the Valence trial; Nuñez is quoted as saying: \"Cette technique n'est pas légale\".", "source": "Next (next.ink), 10 July 2026; Disclose and La Quadrature du Net, March 2026", "source_url": "https://next.ink/246913/reconnaissance-faciale-la-politique-du-chiffre-incite-la-police-a-violer-la-loi/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/eb541938-2397-4e59-8612-ab8cad0b54f9" }, { "id": "6e8fc0c8-6439-4646-a70f-4ae96470b068", "code": "PAI-6E8FC0C8", "force": "Bavarian State Police", "country": "Germany", "country_code": "de", "is_country": true, "region": "Bavaria", "technology": "Data Integration and Link Analysis (Palantir Gotham)", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "VeRA", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "December 2024", "legal_basis": "State police laws. On 16 February 2023 the Federal Constitutional Court held the enabling provisions in Hessian and Hamburg police law unconstitutional in their then form, ruling that automated analysis of stored data is itself an interference with informational self-determination requiring a proportionate legal threshold.", "oversight": "Federal Constitutional Court (2023 ruling on the Hesse and Hamburg provisions; GFF constitutional complaint against Article 61a of the Bavarian Police Tasks Act pending); state legislature; state data protection authority", "notes": "Bavaria's VeRA (Verfahrensübergreifende Recherche- und Analyseplattform), built on Palantir Gotham, went live on 25 December 2024 after pilot operation, with roughly 100 uses reported by May 2025. The Federal Constitutional Court described the capability as able to generate new suspicions and information police had no prior grounds to hold, and in February 2023 struck down the Hesse and Hamburg provisions as drafted (1 BvR 1547/19).\n\nUpdate, November 2026. netzpolitik.org (15 October 2026) reports that the VeRA contract runs until April 2027 with up to four one-year extensions, that Bavaria wants to extend it by at least a year and talks with Palantir are under way, and that costs total about 25.3 million euros (22.2 million licence and implementation, 430,000 for a Fraunhofer study, about 0.5 million maintenance and operation, over 2 million for data-source connections). The Gesellschaft für Freiheitsrechte (GFF), with the Chaos Computer Club, has brought a constitutional complaint against Article 61a of the Bavarian Police Tasks Act, which permits the data analysis; the complaint document published by the GFF is dated 23 July 2025, and the GFF reports no ruling. Bavaria is quoted by netzpolitik.org as saying it cannot do without \"die wertvollen Analysefähigkeiten\" that VeRA offers, while aiming to become digitally more independent in the long term.", "source": "netzpolitik.org, 15 October 2026", "source_url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2026/laenderuebergreifende-recherche-palantirs-geschaefte-in-europa/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/6e8fc0c8-6439-4646-a70f-4ae96470b068" }, { "id": "adef9b7a-3489-4ab6-9926-6ecb4f6bae83", "code": "PAI-ADEF9B7A", "force": "Hessen Police", "country": "Germany", "country_code": "de", "is_country": true, "region": "Frankfurt am Main (Bahnhofsviertel), Hesse", "technology": "AI-supported real-time biometric identification", "technology_slug": "real-time-biometric-id-judicial-authorisation", "vendor": "Not specified in the source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Section 14 of the Hessian Security and Order Act (HSOG), as amended in December 2024 and in force from 2 February 2025. Real-time biometric identification sits at Sec. 14(8) and 14(9); judicial authorisation is required under Sec. 14(11); logging of each use is required under Sec. 14(10).", "oversight": "Judicial authorisation in principle before each use; where the police order use themselves, judicial confirmation within 24 hours; each deployment logged under Sec. 14(10) HSOG. Legal challenges pending before the Hessian Staatsgerichtshof and the Frankfurt administrative court. Data protection commissioner Alexander Roßnagel preparing an opinion on the mobile app.", "notes": "Hessen Police states its system compares the biometric facial characteristics of a specifically wanted person against people appearing in designated video-protection zones, to locate that person, a missing person, or a victim in defined circumstances. Non-matches are stated to be deleted immediately, and matches are reviewed by police personnel rather than acted on automatically. This is Germany's first entry on this tracker.\n\nCorrection and detail, verified August 2026. The start date is 10 July 2025, not 2026: the Hessian Interior Ministry confirmed Frankfurt police began biometric real-time remote identification in the Bahnhofsviertel on that date, making Hesse the first German federal state to deploy live facial recognition. Reporting cited by hessenschau put the deployment at around 50 cameras in that district.\n\nThe statutory scope is narrower than a standing watchlist model. Section 14(9) HSOG permits targeted search for a specific person only where necessary to avert an actual and present or actual and foreseeable danger, a terrorist offence, or to search for victims of kidnapping, human trafficking or sexual exploitation, or for missing persons recorded in police information and search systems. Section 14(8) additionally allows an individual already flagged by pattern-recognition alerting to be identified where there is danger to life or limb. Use must be limited in time and place to what is strictly necessary, judicial authorisation is required in principle, and each use must be logged.\n\nHow the legal basis arose is itself contested and worth recording: the facial recognition and pattern-recognition powers were added to the Bill by a short-notice amendment on 5 December 2024, after the public expert hearing on the legislation had already taken place on 12 November 2024. Critics including netzpolitik.org note that Hessian video surveillance is not confined to statistically crime-affected locations but may also cover police-defined 'Angstraeume' (spaces perceived as unsafe), and raise the standard accuracy-disparity objection that facial recognition produces more errors for women and people of colour.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. netzpolitik.org (22 April 2026) reports from Frankfurt that the live system has run in the Bahnhofsviertel since July 2025 as a pilot; of 70 public-space cameras in Frankfurt, 29 are in the district and 19 of those are suitable for facial recognition. It reports that only a low double-digit number of persons have been searched for since July 2025, with one successful search (a missing 16-year-old), and that the police have also used a mobile face-matching app since December 2025, installed on 160 devices so far, which compares faces against the Federal Criminal Police Office's system. An evaluation phase is reported as planned from July 2026. The Hessian Green parliamentary group has challenged the 2025 provisions before the state constitutional court (Staatsgerichtshof), and two plaintiffs supported by the Gesellschaft für Freiheitsrechte have sued at the Frankfurt administrative court asking it to refer the provisions to the Federal Constitutional Court. The state data protection commissioner, Alexander Roßnagel, is reported to be preparing an opinion on the app. Frankfurt police keep the development costs of the app and of the real-time system secret, and no vendor is named. netzpolitik.org describes the live system as a pilot project (\"Pilotprojekt\"); its August 2025 report had described the deployment as not a test. No result of the evaluation has been reported.", "source": "Polizei Hessen; Hessian Ministry of the Interior; netzpolitik.org, 22 April 2026", "source_url": "https://www.polizei.hessen.de/polizeipraesidien/polizeipraesidium-frankfurt-am-main/regionales/polizeiliche-videoueberwachung", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/adef9b7a-3489-4ab6-9926-6ecb4f6bae83" }, { "id": "a98deb5a-7fd3-474d-930a-e786c9347f8a", "code": "PAI-A98DEB5A", "force": "Hessen Police", "country": "Germany", "country_code": "de", "is_country": true, "region": "Hesse", "technology": "Data Integration and Link Analysis (Palantir Gotham)", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "hessenDATA", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2017", "legal_basis": "State police laws. On 16 February 2023 the Federal Constitutional Court held the enabling provisions in Hessian and Hamburg police law unconstitutional in their then form, ruling that automated analysis of stored data is itself an interference with informational self-determination requiring a proportionate legal threshold.", "oversight": "Federal Constitutional Court; state legislatures and state data protection authorities", "notes": "Hesse has operated hessenDATA, built on Palantir Gotham, since 2017, with automated access to police information, case management and preventive data systems, telecoms and radio-cell data, mobile phone forensic extractions and police telex traffic, plus social network data subject to prior court order. The Federal Constitutional Court described the capability as able to generate new suspicions and information police had no prior grounds to hold, and in February 2023 struck down the Hesse and Hamburg provisions as drafted (1 BvR 1547/19).\n\nUpdate, November 2026. netzpolitik.org (15 October 2026) lists hessenDATA as procured in 2017, with no information given on its costs (the state cites the protection of trade secrets and procurement-law confidentiality). In May 2025 the Hessian interior minister, Roman Poseck, said dropping the software was not an option because of possible data risks, and that no equivalent European product had been found (hessenschau.de, 9 May 2025). The Gesellschaft für Freiheitsrechte brought a new constitutional complaint against the reformed Hessian police law in June 2024 (netzpolitik.org, 25 June 2024); no ruling has been found. No end of use is reported.", "source": "netzpolitik.org, 15 October 2026", "source_url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2026/laenderuebergreifende-recherche-palantirs-geschaefte-in-europa/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a98deb5a-7fd3-474d-930a-e786c9347f8a" }, { "id": "143b69ba-b0ad-483f-973a-ef923cbe52a6", "code": "PAI-143B69BA", "force": "North Rhine-Westphalia Police", "country": "Germany", "country_code": "de", "is_country": true, "region": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "technology": "Data Integration and Link Analysis (Palantir Gotham)", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "DAR", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2019", "legal_basis": "State police laws. On 16 February 2023 the Federal Constitutional Court held the enabling provisions in Hessian and Hamburg police law unconstitutional in their then form, ruling that automated analysis of stored data is itself an interference with informational self-determination requiring a proportionate legal threshold.", "oversight": "State data protection commissioner (LfDI NRW), who has questioned the revised police-law provision; state legislature; Federal Constitutional Court (2023 ruling on equivalent Hesse and Hamburg provisions)", "notes": "North Rhine-Westphalia operates DAR (Datenbankübergreifende Analyse und Recherche), built on Palantir Gotham. The Federal Constitutional Court described the capability as able to generate new suspicions and information police had no prior grounds to hold, and in February 2023 struck down the Hesse and Hamburg provisions as drafted (1 BvR 1547/19).\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The state government announced on 10 July 2026 that the State Office for Central Police Services (LZPD NRW) had concluded a bridging contract with Palantir with a basic term of one year; the current contract ends in October 2026, and the police are tendering new data-analysis software, with the end of that process not yet foreseeable. Interior Minister Herbert Reul said the police need to be able to analyse data quickly and securely \"ohne zeitliche Brüche\" (without interruption). netzpolitik.org (20 April 2026) reports that Palantir has supplied DAR since 2019 at a cost of at least 39 million euros, and that the state data protection commissioner, Bettina Gayk, doubted the constitutionality of the revised police-law provision on automated data analysis (section 23(6) PolG NRW), which she says permits self-learning systems and the training of IT products with police data; no court ruling on that provision is reported. netzpolitik.org (15 October 2026) reports over 47 million euros spent since 2019, a re-tender in April 2026 with the award expected in October, and the winner not yet known.", "source": "Land NRW press release, 10 July 2026; netzpolitik.org, 20 April and 15 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.land.nrw/pressemitteilung/ueberbrueckungsvertrag-polizei-nordrhein-westfalen-behaelt-aktuelle-datenanalyse", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/143b69ba-b0ad-483f-973a-ef923cbe52a6" }, { "id": "b12130f6-a268-4988-89b5-c49b6ae2aa0b", "code": "PAI-B12130F6", "force": "Hellenic Police", "country": "Greece", "country_code": "gr", "is_country": true, "region": "Nationwide", "technology": "Multimodal Handheld Biometric Identification", "technology_slug": "multimodal-handheld-biometric-id", "vendor": "Intracom Telecom", "vendor_slug": "intracom", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2019", "legal_basis": "No valid legal basis for the processing, according to Hellenic DPA Decision 45/2025 (31 December 2025), which held that any productive operation under the current legal framework would be unlawful and warned the Hellenic Police not to activate the system.", "oversight": "Hellenic Data Protection Authority", "notes": "1,000 handheld devices for Hellenic Police performing facial recognition, fingerprint ID, and document/plate scanning during street stops, matching against national, EU and international databases including SIS II, VIS, EURODAC and Interpol-linked systems. Contract signed 2019 with Intracom Telecom, €4m, 75% funded by the EU's Internal Security Fund. Devices were delivered fully functional. Following a complaint by Homo Digitalis (Mar 2020), the Hellenic DPA ruled the whole programme unlawful in Decision 45/2025, dated 31 Dec 2025 -- an EU-funded, fully procured and delivered biometric system found unlawful after the money was spent. Reported as targeted at stops of undocumented migrants, placing it in borders/immigration as much as ordinary policing. Also in Greece: the Ministry of Asylum and Migration was fined a record €175,000 by the Hellenic DPA over the KENTAUROS and HYPERION border/camp management systems.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. According to Homo Digitalis, which brought the complaint (press release, 15 January 2026), the devices were delivered in September 2021 and the system \"has only been used on a pilot basis\". Lawspot (15 January 2026), reporting the decision, says a Hellenic Police representative told the Authority at the hearing that the system had been in pilot operation \"για μικρό χρονικό διάστημα\" (for a short time) and is not in use at present; the Authority noted that this was not in the police's written submission and that doubt remained about possible unlawful processing. The Authority found no valid legal basis, held that any productive operation under the current legal framework would be unlawful, and issued a warning not to activate the system. It found that the data protection impact assessment had not been carried out in time during the pilot, but imposed no fine, because processing was limited to the pilot and no harm to data subjects was shown. The status of discontinued reflects the end of the pilot, as the police described it, and the Authority's warning; no plan to resume has been reported.", "source": "Homo Digitalis, 15 January 2026; Lawspot, 15 January 2026; EDRi", "source_url": "https://www.lawspot.gr/nomika-nea/smart-policing-elleipse-nomikes-bases-epexergasias-gia-ten-tautopoiese-me-biometrika-dedomena-apo-ten-ellenike-astunomia-apdpkh-452025/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b12130f6-a268-4988-89b5-c49b6ae2aa0b" }, { "id": "d377eca9-d8d4-4993-a779-dee6717e4699", "code": "PAI-D377ECA9", "force": "Hong Kong Police Force", "country": "Hong Kong", "country_code": "hk", "is_country": true, "region": "Hong Kong (territory-wide)", "technology": "SmartView territory-wide CCTV network with AI video analytics", "technology_slug": "smartview-hong-kong-cctv", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "parliament", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute identified in the sources read. The HKPF states the scheme operates under the auspices of the Task Force on District Governance, that cameras capture public places only, and that it complies with the relevant laws of Hong Kong.", "oversight": "HKPF states it maintains close liaison with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data and commissioned independent consultancies for Privacy Impact and Security Risk Assessments. The February 2026 LegCo paper budgets for a Privacy Impact Assessment but sets out no independent oversight body for the analytics.", "notes": "Established by the Legislative Council Panel on Security paper of 24 February 2026: 'The SmartView system is currently equipped with artificial intelligence (AI)-powered functions, such as crowd size analysis and automatic number plate recognition.' That present-tense statement in a paper laid before the legislature is why this record is operational rather than proposed.\n\nScale, from the same paper: about 5,000 CCTV cameras installed by the HKPF and about 6,000 cameras of other government departments and organisations connected; the programme has assisted the HKPF in detecting 899 cases, including serious crimes such as murder and robbery. Over 20,000 cameras are to be added annually to reach about 60,000 across the city in 2028, with about 6,500 more by 2031. Non-recurrent cost is put at HK$4.066 billion across 2026-27 to 2031-32.\n\nThe paper also states the HKPF plans to build an AI-powered video analytics toolbox so that 'the Police will be able to track and search for target persons and vehicles in a speedier and more precise manner'. That toolbox is a plan, not a current capability, and is not what this record asserts.\n\nFacial recognition is deliberately not recorded here. It appears nowhere in the LegCo paper or on the HKPF SmartView page. Senior officers have been reported as intending to add it during 2026, but an intention reported in the press is not a deployment.\n\nNo start date is given because no source establishes when the AI functions specifically began, as distinct from when the camera programme launched. No vendor is given because the paper describes a direct engagement procurement approach without naming the supplier.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Finance Committee paper for the expansion (LegCo, March 2026, for the committee meeting of 27 March 2026) confirms the current AI functions as crowd size analysis and automatic number plate recognition. It sets out phase 2 (2026 to 2028, over 20,000 cameras added a year to reach about 60,000 by 2028) and phase 3 (2028 to 2031, about 6,500 more), with non-recurrent expenditure of HK$4,066,482,000 from 2026-27 to 2031-32, a contract award planned for April 2026 and full operation in March 2031. Planned additions include an AI video analytics toolbox, real-time crowd density assessment and early identification of persons involved in serious crime or wanted persons. The paper does not mention facial recognition.", "source": "Legislative Council Finance Committee paper, March 2026", "source_url": "https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2026/english/fc/fc/papers/f25-55e.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d377eca9-d8d4-4993-a779-dee6717e4699" }, { "id": "1f0c6a96-2507-4265-9878-9d491853134c", "code": "PAI-1F0C6A96", "force": "Hungarian National Police", "country": "Hungary", "country_code": "hu", "is_country": true, "region": "Nationwide; deployed at Budapest Pride, June 2025", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition (PND search)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-fr-pnd", "vendor": "National Expertise and Research Centre database (collected from ID cards/driving licences since 2015)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "2025 amendments to Hungarian law, in force 15 April 2025, extending permitted FR use from custodial-sentence offences to all infraction proceedings", "oversight": "None domestically; subject of complaints to the European Commission", "notes": "Three amendments passed by Hungary's Parliament within 24 hours in March 2025 without public debate extended facial recognition from serious offences to ALL infraction procedures -- the examples given by challengers being identifying Pride march attendees or jaywalkers. The same legislative package created a legal basis to ban Pride marches. Cameras were installed along the Budapest Pride route in June 2025 (reportedly the largest in Hungarian history); police announced 7 July 2025 that no participants would be fined. Civil society coalition (Civil Liberties Union for Europe, EDRi, ECNL, HCLU) argues this meets the EU AI Act's definition of a prohibited 'real-time' remote biometric identification system rather than merely high-risk 'post' identification, and wrote to the European Commission urging infringement proceedings; 17 EU member states have formally accused Hungary of contravening EU values over the wider package. A peer-reviewed article appears in the Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law (July 2026).\n\nUpdate, November 2026. An opinion piece in EUobserver (25 June 2026) by Eva Simon (Liberties), Aljosa Ajanovic Andelic (EDRi) and Karolina Iwanska (ECNL) says that after the change of government under Péter Magyar the 2025 laws that \"enable biometric surveillance of protesters remain in force\", together with the Pride restrictions. It reports a civil society letter asking the new government and parliamentary committees to repeal the amendments and to hold a public consultation on biometric surveillance, and says the results of any European Commission assessment under the AI Act are not known. The piece does not say whether police are currently using the system, and no repeal or suspension has been reported.", "source": "EUobserver (opinion), 25 June 2026", "source_url": "https://euobserver.com/224022/budapest-free-to-celebrate-pride-again-but-orban-surveillance-machine-still-in-place/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/1f0c6a96-2507-4265-9878-9d491853134c" }, { "id": "16abf9de-7808-4d82-81e6-95b6f195e98f", "code": "PAI-16ABF9DE", "force": "Delhi Police", "country": "India", "country_code": "in", "is_country": true, "region": "Delhi", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in sources reviewed", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute; matches against biometrics held under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act 2022", "oversight": "None identified; constitutionality is contested before the Supreme Court of India", "notes": "Matches faces from cameras/video one-to-many against Delhi Police and National Crime Records Bureau databases, treating an 80%-similarity score as a positive match. Procured after a 2018 Delhi High Court direction, originally for tracing missing children; since used for crowd screening (2019 political rally), the 2020 Delhi riots, 2021 Red Fort clashes and Jahangirpuri riots. FR vans were deployed at student protests from 20 July 2026; a counter-affidavit sworn by a Deputy Commissioner and filed before the Supreme Court (Shailendra Mani Tripathi v Union of India, WP 280/2026) states the system generated matches for 2,873 individuals between 20-26 July, 92 linked to 10+ cases. No judgment yet -- an affidavit in live proceedings, not a ruling. Delhi Police told the Delhi HC in 2018 its own system's accuracy was 2%; the Internet Freedom Foundation has established via RTI that there is no rule governing use, no privacy impact assessment and no retention policy. India has no dedicated law governing biometric surveillance.", "source": "Bar and Bench court reporting; MediaNama RTI findings; Internet Freedom Foundation", "source_url": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/facial-recognition-tech-used-at-cjp-protests-only-to-find-those-with-criminal-record-delhi-police-to-supreme-court", "last_checked": "2026-08-24", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/16abf9de-7808-4d82-81e6-95b6f195e98f" }, { "id": "e5d3cb27-78fd-4eb8-b831-03a6f49773a6", "code": "PAI-E5D3CB27", "force": "An Garda Siochana", "country": "Ireland", "country_code": "ie", "is_country": true, "region": "Ireland, national", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not yet established in public evidence", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "parliament", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Garda Síochána (Recording Devices) Act 2023, as amended by the Garda Síochána (Recording Devices) (Amendment) Act 2026 (No. 26 of 2026, enacted 16 July 2026; commencement by ministerial order). New Part 6A allows retrospective \"biometric analysis\", defined to exclude \"biometric identification\".", "oversight": "Statutory: the Commissioner must keep a written record of each instance of biometric analysis; a designated judge reviews operation of Part 6A and reports to the Taoiseach at least annually; codes of practice require a human rights impact assessment and consultation with the Policing and Community Safety Authority, Police Ombudsman, Data Protection Commission and IHREC, and approval by both Houses.", "notes": "Irish government documents describe proposed retrospective facial recognition technology for serious crime, including searching CCTV, intended to automate searches that would otherwise require manually reviewing very large volumes of footage. Live facial recognition was separately reported as under consideration for terrorism, national security and missing-persons cases, subject to stated safeguards. No operational deployment confirmed at the time of the source reviewed.\n\nUpdate, verified August 2026: the legislation has advanced materially. The General Scheme was approved and published in December 2023 and referred for pre-legislative scrutiny; the Justice Committee reported in February 2024. On 11 December 2025 the Minister for Justice secured cabinet approval to publish the Garda Siochana (Recording Devices) (Amendment) Bill 2025, which would allow An Garda Siochana to sort, filter and compare images from CCTV, mobile phone footage and evidence submitted by the public, for suspected arrestable offences, missing person searches and State security. Safeguards including advance written authorisation by a Chief Superintendent were set out in the General Scheme, with detail deferred to a Code of Practice to be drafted by An Garda Siochana and laid before the Oireachtas.\n\nContested: the Irish Council for Civil Liberties and Digital Rights Ireland argue in a joint briefing that the Bill introduces a new term, 'biometric analysis', which overlaps with the EU AI Act's definitions of biometric categorisation and biometric identification without adopting the Act's terminology or safeguards. The Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission separately described the proposals as a radical upturn in State policing powers and called for safeguards written into the statute rather than left to a future Code of Practice. Still not operational: this remains proposed legislation, not a deployed system.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Garda Síochána (Recording Devices) (Amendment) Bill 2025 became law when the President signed it (news release of 16 July 2026); the enacted text is the Garda Síochána (Recording Devices) (Amendment) Act 2026, No. 26 of 2026. Its new Part 6A permits Garda personnel to carry out \"biometric analysis\" (defined to exclude \"biometric identification\") for preventing, investigating, detecting or prosecuting arrestable offences, protecting state security, searching for missing persons and cooperating with other law enforcement agencies, only on documents obtained in an investigation and only retrospectively, with results reviewed by a member. The Act commences on days set by the Minister for Justice by order, and codes of practice must be approved by both Houses. The Act does not itself require the advance written authorisation by a Chief Superintendent that the General Scheme had described; it sets conditions in section 43C and leaves procedures to the codes of practice. In the Seanad on Tuesday 23 June 2026, Senator Alice-Mary Higgins said the \"biometric analysis\" term is a way to \"sidestep\" the EU AI Act's requirements, while the Minister, Jim O'Callaghan, said biometric analysis is \"a means of filtering or sorting information\" rather than comparison against a database (Biometric Update, 26 June 2026). No Garda deployment has been reported, and the Act takes effect only when commenced by ministerial order.", "source": "Houses of the Oireachtas, Act No. 26 of 2026; Office of the President, 16 July 2026", "source_url": "https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/act/2026/26/eng/enacted/a2626.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e5d3cb27-78fd-4eb8-b831-03a6f49773a6" }, { "id": "42129035-be27-458b-9f4a-52f3f0c06205", "code": "PAI-42129035", "force": "Israel Police", "country": "Israel", "country_code": "il", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "Eagle Eye (Ein HaNetz) automatic number plate recognition network", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Police Ordinance Amendment No. 40 (Special Photography Systems), passed by the Knesset on 14 January 2024, authorises police camera systems that identify an object such as a vehicle registration plate. The amendment expressly excludes biometric identification.", "oversight": "Implementing regulations approved by the Knesset National Security Committee in September 2024, with a two-year retention period for images of occupants and passers-by. Three Supreme Court petitions by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel; on 14 July 2026 the Court issued a conditional order requiring the State to justify contested provisions, before an expanded seven-justice panel.", "notes": "A national system that photographs vehicles on Israeli roads, decodes the registration plate and photographs the vehicle's occupants. The Association for Civil Rights in Israel describes it in Hebrew as an automated system that tracks and records the movements of citizens travelling on the country's roads. It was in use before any statutory authority existed: ACRI's first Supreme Court petition was filed in January 2021 and was dismissed by consent in March 2024 once the Knesset had legislated. A second petition, filed August 2024, was dismissed in November 2024 with the petitioners directed to exhaust the regulations process. A third, filed March 2025, is live, and on 14 July 2026 the Court issued a conditional order against the State before an expanded panel of seven justices.\n\nWhat the law does and does not cover matters here. Amendment No. 40 authorises identification of an 'object' — a registration plate — for a closed list of purposes: preventing or detecting serious offences and offences endangering public safety or state security, preventing severe harm to person or property in the face of real danger, locating missing persons, and enforcing exclusion and restraining orders. It does not authorise biometric identification, and a facial recognition clause was removed during passage.\n\nNo start date is given: no source establishes when the system began operating, only that it predates the January 2021 petition. No vendor is given: no source names a supplier.\n\nSources. This entry rests on the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, a litigant reporting proceedings it is party to, in English and Hebrew; on law.co.il's report of the Knesset's second and third readings on 14 January 2024; and on Shakuf's report of 19 September 2024 on the approval of the implementing regulations and the two-year retention rule. Hebrew sources are translated here. The legal basis is given as these sources report it, not quoted from the amendment.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Shomrim (1 February 2026, Uri Blau and Daniel Dolev) reports, from police court filings in the petitions, that 6,641 cameras were connected to the police's national camera network at the end of 2024, with 5,000 more planned, after 26 separate networks were merged; a police document of the previous week put the total at about 6,500. It describes Eagle Eye as an automated plate-reading system that photographs vehicle occupants. It reports that the Knesset legislated only for Eagle Eye, that the Justice Ministry initially sought powers for facial identification cameras and settled for cameras that identify objects, and that a police tender nevertheless calls for cameras capable of \"facial recognition and registration, including the creation of lists (white/black)\", uses it says were reportedly excluded from the law. A police spokesperson said: \"We do not comment on operational methods and capabilities.\"", "source": "Shomrim, 1 February 2026; Association for Civil Rights in Israel", "source_url": "https://www.shomrim.news/eng/police-6600-cameras", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/42129035-be27-458b-9f4a-52f3f0c06205" }, { "id": "7ddae338-9305-4f52-965f-19c17072fa4f", "code": "PAI-7DDAE338", "force": "Italian State Police", "country": "Italy", "country_code": "it", "is_country": true, "region": "Italy, national", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Acquired by the Ministry of the Interior in 2017; operated by the Polizia Scientifica", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "Legislative Decree 51/2018 (Italy's implementation of the EU Law Enforcement Directive). Since 30 September 2026, Legislative Decree no. 160 of 9 September 2026 (Article 10) also regulates post-event facial recognition by police: a targeted search for a person suspected of an offence needs the authorisation of the judge for preliminary investigations. The decree does not mention AFIS or SARI Enterprise.", "oversight": "Garante per la protezione dei dati personali issued a favourable opinion in 2018. No dedicated ongoing independent oversight of the AFIS-SSA database composition or of SARI Enterprise use has been identified.", "notes": "SARI Enterprise performs retrospective facial recognition searches, submitting a facial image against the AFIS photographic database and returning a ranked candidate list for human examination. Approved by Italy's data protection authority, the Garante, in 2018, and described in Italian police documentation as an established system used by the Scientific Police.\n\nA point the police's own explanation makes explicitly, and worth recording because it is the distinction this tracker exists to draw: the result is not itself a legally determinative identification. A trained operator assesses the candidates, and the output is an investigative lead rather than courtroom evidence.\n\nRecorded separately from SARI Real Time, which is a distinct live version of the system with a different and unresolved legal status.\n\nSourcing and detail, verified August 2026. The Garante's approval is provvedimento n. 440 of 26 July 2018 (doc. web 9040256). Its reasoning is worth recording precisely: the Garante concluded SARI Enterprise did not constitute a new processing operation distinct from the manual AFIS search it replaced, but rather automated operations that previously required manual entry of identifying features, returning a priority-ordered list of similar photographic records. That reasoning is why the system rests on the same legal basis as the manual process rather than requiring its own.\n\nScale of the reference database: in a written parliamentary response the Interior Ministry stated AFIS then held 17,592,769 photographic records corresponding to 9,882,490 individuals. The database includes people charged with offences in Italy, but also irregular migrants and anyone required to renew or convert a residence permit, which means the searchable gallery extends well beyond people suspected of crime.\n\nContested, and recorded because it bears directly on verifiability: a FOIA-based investigation by StraLi and Privacy Network running from April 2025 to April 2026 reported that the Interior Ministry does not measure the system's effectiveness or its error rate, and criticised the 2018 Garante opinion as brief, not setting out its reasoning in full, and citing documents that were never made public. Italy has separately extended a moratorium on facial recognition in public places pending organic legislation that has still not been passed.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Legislative Decree no. 160 of 9 September 2026 (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 214, 15 September 2026; in force 30 September 2026) regulates post-event facial recognition by the police forces in Article 10. Facial recognition components may be added to video surveillance systems but may be activated only after the images are acquired. A targeted search for a person suspected of an offence needs the authorisation of the judge for preliminary investigations (g.i.p.), requested by the public prosecutor; initial identification after an offence is left to designated officers. No decision with negative legal effects may rest solely on a facial recognition result, and untargeted, generalised or indiscriminate recognition is prohibited. Sistema Penale (20 October 2026) notes that the June draft required no judicial authorisation, and that the final text allows biometric processing only after the offence has been committed. The decree does not mention AFIS or SARI Enterprise, and does not say whether Article 10 covers searches of the AFIS photographic database. Separately, a coalition of digital-rights groups including Hermes Center reported on 12 March 2026 that Italy's moratorium on facial recognition in public places had been extended to 31 December 2027.", "source": "Garante, provvedimento n. 440 of 26 July 2018; D.lgs. 160/2026 (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 214, 15 September 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9040256", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/7ddae338-9305-4f52-965f-19c17072fa4f" }, { "id": "8060cc95-e85c-49c5-9e5e-c82e2d672fd8", "code": "PAI-8060CC95", "force": "Italian State Police", "country": "Italy", "country_code": "it", "is_country": true, "region": "Italy, national", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "SARI Real Time", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Legislative Decree no. 160 of 9 September 2026 (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 214, 15 September 2026; in force 30 September 2026), implementing the EU AI Act for police use, regulates real-time remote biometric identification in Articles 8 and 9. The Garante found SARI Real Time unlawful as designed in 2021 (before this decree).", "oversight": "Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali)", "notes": "SARI Real Time was designed to analyse live camera feeds against a predefined watchlist of up to 10,000 faces and alert operators on a match. The Garante's review found it was not yet active and ruled it unlawful as designed. This is exactly the kind of regulatory finding this tracker exists to document: a live facial recognition system blocked by a data protection authority before deployment, not after.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Legislative Decree no. 160 of 9 September 2026, on the use of AI systems by the police forces and on civil and criminal liability, was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale (no. 214) on 15 September 2026 and entered into force on 30 September 2026. Article 8 allows real-time remote biometric identification in public places only for the targeted search for missing persons or victims of certain offences, or to prevent the threats listed in the EU AI Act (an imminent threat to life or physical safety, or a terrorist attack). Each use needs the authorisation of the district's public prosecutor (procuratore della Repubblica), for no more than fifteen days; in urgent cases use may begin on the order of the questore, with the request reaching the prosecutor within 24 hours. The comparison database is built for each use and deleted when the authorisation ends. Article 9 requires a fundamental-rights impact assessment and a data protection impact assessment, five-year logs, and notification of the Garante after use. The Garante gave a favourable opinion on the draft, subject to seven conditions, on 14 July 2026. No deployment of a real-time system by the Polizia di Stato under the decree has been reported. Separately, a coalition of digital-rights groups including Hermes Center reported on 12 March 2026 that Italy's moratorium on facial recognition in public places had been extended to 31 December 2027.", "source": "Garante, decision of 16 April 2021; D.lgs. 160/2026 (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 214, 15 September 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9575842", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/8060cc95-e85c-49c5-9e5e-c82e2d672fd8" }, { "id": "b3838fab-29f8-4d04-a1df-c1e4fd20fa88", "code": "PAI-B3838FAB", "force": "National Police Agency (Japan)", "country": "Japan", "country_code": "jp", "is_country": true, "region": "Japan (national)", "technology": "AI analysis and prioritisation of suspicious transaction reports", "technology_slug": "", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2022", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established from the National Police Agency's own White Paper on Police, in the section on strengthening police capability through AI and advanced technologies. The page is in Japanese and was read twice in this run through differently encoded URLs; both readings gave the same sequence, and the second returned the Japanese verbatim: a demonstration trial from fiscal 2019 in which the AI was trained on reports filed by specified business operators and on the results of their existing sorting and analysis, followed by the sentence stating that full operation of the mechanism began in March 2022.\n\nThe system prioritises, from a reported flow of over 400,000 suspicious transaction reports a year, those requiring staff attention. It supports human analysts rather than reaching conclusions on its own.\n\nThis finding rests on a translated Japanese-language primary source. The underlying document is an official police publication, which is the strongest class of source the site recognises, but the operator should be aware that no English-language original was available.\n\nTwo further NPA systems described on the same page are deliberately NOT recorded: an AI tool for detecting regulated drug advertisements on social media, tested in fiscal 2021, and a system identifying suspect vehicles from surveillance footage, tested from fiscal 2019 with automatic vehicle detection added by fiscal 2021. Both are described only as demonstration trials, with no statement that either entered operation. A fourth item, age-progression facial imaging developed by the National Research Institute of Police Science, is research rather than a deployment.\n\nFields left out: 'vendor' is omitted because none is named. 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are omitted because the white paper section describes neither. 'techSlug' is omitted because no catalogue entry covers AI triage of financial intelligence reporting; this gap is discussed in the report.", "source": "National Police Agency White Paper on Police", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo/r04/honbun/html/yf122000.html", "last_checked": "2026-09-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b3838fab-29f8-4d04-a1df-c1e4fd20fa88" }, { "id": "a98dfc01-ad63-4f3d-9ee1-9f4dabbb238f", "code": "PAI-A98DFC01", "force": "Ministry of Interior and National Administration (Kenya)", "country": "Kenya", "country_code": "ke", "is_country": true, "region": "Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru, Eldoret and Nyeri", "technology": "National CCTV facial recognition network linked to the national identity database", "technology_slug": "remote-biometric-id-proposed", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by two independent sources reporting the same statement by Interior Cabinet Secretary Kipchumba Murkomen. Capital FM, 24 June 2026: the system is in the final stages of procurement, estimated at 22 to 25 billion Kenyan shillings, to be rolled out across six major cities, connecting surveillance cameras to national identity databases through a central command system, with deployment expected within three to six months, and phased implementation possible through private sector partnerships. Capital FM reports the stated purpose as identifying and tracking individuals accused of infiltrating protests and engaging in violence including property destruction. Biometric Update, June 2026: the same announcement, naming the six cities, the roughly 25 billion shilling cost, and integration of the National Registration Bureau database with police CCTV so faces can be matched against civil ID photographs; Murkomen is quoted saying 'Once we establish this technology, we will slowly build in the data of various people based on information in the ID', and defending the plan on the ground that cameras would be installed only in public spaces.\n\nStatus is proposed, and deliberately so. A procurement in its final stages is not a deployment. Nothing read establishes that any camera under this programme has been installed or that any facial matching against the identity register has occurred. The three-to-six month timeline from June 2026 means this record should be re-checked rather than left to the next cycle.\n\nThe stated purpose is unusually explicit and is recorded here because it matters to how the system should be read: this is a national biometric identification network whose announced first application is the identification of protesters.\n\nFields left out and why. 'vendor' is omitted: no supplier is named. 'legalBasis' is omitted: no statute, regulation or authorisation instrument was established by any page read, and populating a police facial recognition database from the civil identity register is precisely the point on which a legal basis would be needed. 'oversight' is omitted: none established. 'since' is omitted: nothing has started.\n\nSecond claim, deliberately not made a record. Biometric Update also states that Kenya's National Police Service already operates NEC facial recognition within the Integrated Command, Control and Communication Centre launched in 2018. That rests on that single article, no corroborating source was found, and it is left on the watch list rather than asserted.", "source": "Capital FM", "source_url": "https://capitalfm.africa/govt-plans-sh25bn-facial-recognition-system-to-track-protest-goons/", "last_checked": "2026-09-09", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a98dfc01-ad63-4f3d-9ee1-9f4dabbb238f" }, { "id": "249fe902-b56f-482d-9a0f-9c21fc0f00f4", "code": "PAI-249FE902", "force": "Maltese law enforcement authorities", "country": "Malta", "country_code": "mt", "is_country": true, "region": "Malta, national (airport)", "technology": "Remote Biometric Identification (proposed)", "technology_slug": "remote-biometric-id-proposed", "vendor": "Not specified in the source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "None yet; described as preliminary discussion", "oversight": "Malta's Data Protection Authority, which is the source recording these discussions", "notes": "Recorded with low confidence deliberately. Malta's Data Protection Authority states law enforcement authorities began preliminary discussions in 2025 about deploying remote biometric identification at an airport. This is an early-stage exploratory discussion, not a confirmed system, procurement, or trial, and should not be read as evidence anything has actually been deployed.\n\nSourcing status, checked August 2026: no citable public document beyond the data protection authority's own reference to preliminary discussions was located during a dedicated search. No procurement notice, tender, vendor, trial, ministerial statement or parliamentary record was found. That absence is itself the accurate position and is recorded here rather than papered over with a link to secondary coverage that would only restate the same single underlying claim. This entry should continue to be read as an early-stage discussion on the public record, not as evidence that Malta has deployed or is close to deploying any biometric identification system.", "source": "Malta Data Protection Authority", "source_url": "", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/249fe902-b56f-482d-9a0f-9c21fc0f00f4" }, { "id": "1255cbf3-a9af-44b6-9eaa-f221dfd876c6", "code": "PAI-1255CBF3", "force": "Dutch National Police (Politie)", "country": "Netherlands", "country_code": "nl", "is_country": true, "region": "Netherlands, national", "technology": "Crime Anticipation System (CAS)", "technology_slug": "place-based-predictive-policing", "vendor": "Built in-house by the Dutch National Police", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2015", "legal_basis": "Article 3 of the Politiewet (daily police task); Articles 8 and 13 of the Wet politiegegevens (Wpg), as cited in the Dutch algorithm register", "oversight": "Dutch national algorithm register provides public transparency; no dedicated regulator identified", "notes": "Divided cities into small grid cells and combined police crime records with national statistics including average neighbourhood income, benefit recipients, household composition and distance to the nearest known offender, outputting hotspots and hot times in four-hour blocks. Officers were sent to drive through flagged areas, often for only a few minutes. The model was closed, so officers could not see why a cell was flagged. An indicator counting non-Western immigrants was removed in 2017 after being found to add no predictive value.\n\nPiloted in 2015 in Enschede, Groningen-Noord, Hoefkade and Hoorn, then rolled out from 2017 across more than half of the then 167 police departments. Taken out of use in December 2025 (the national algorithm register lists it as \"out of use\" with a phase-out from 1 December 2025; NL Times, 27 February 2026, reporting after Volkskrant, says it stopped in mid-December 2025) and discontinued after an internal report concluded its predictive capability was extremely limited and the force could never demonstrate its effect.", "source": "Dutch algorithm register (Algoritmeregister), updated 12 December 2025; NL Times, 27 February 2026", "source_url": "https://algoritmes.overheid.nl/en/algoritme/81228922", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/1255cbf3-a9af-44b6-9eaa-f221dfd876c6" }, { "id": "d987f784-d5d0-4eba-a241-2fc555eaa7a0", "code": "PAI-D987F784", "force": "Dutch Police (Politie)", "country": "Netherlands", "country_code": "nl", "is_country": true, "region": "Netherlands, national", "technology": "Video Analytics Search (BriefCam)", "technology_slug": "briefcam", "vendor": "BriefCam", "vendor_slug": "briefcam", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "Article 3 of the Politiewet; Article 3 of the Wet politiegegevens (Wpg); Articles 126g and 126o of the Wetboek van Strafvordering, as cited in the Dutch algorithm register", "oversight": "Documented via the Dutch government's own public algorithm register, a transparency mechanism", "notes": "The Dutch police's own entry in the government's official algorithm register describes a tool using convolutional neural network and deep learning models to identify moving objects in video and classify them by characteristics including type (person or vehicle), colour, size and direction of movement, letting investigators combine filters such as a person on a bicycle wearing a particular colour travelling in a particular direction. Results are reviewed by police staff; the register states the algorithm itself does not make investigative decisions. This is one of the clearest official public descriptions found anywhere of how this class of video analytics tool actually works.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The register entry (last updated 15 December 2025; start date January 2018) gives the legal basis as Article 3 of the Politiewet with Wpg Article 3 and Articles 126g and 126o of the Code of Criminal Procedure. It states that staff set the filters and search queries, that a person checks and assesses all results, that the tool makes no decisions and serves only as a search aid, and that access to the application and footage is limited to authorised police staff.", "source": "Dutch algorithm register (Algoritmeregister), updated 15 December 2025", "source_url": "https://algoritmes.overheid.nl/en/algoritme/65464579", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d987f784-d5d0-4eba-a241-2fc555eaa7a0" }, { "id": "07fb854f-66ea-4cbd-bbd1-d2a6617db1ef", "code": "PAI-07FB854F", "force": "New Zealand Police", "country": "New Zealand", "country_code": "nz", "is_country": true, "region": "New Zealand (national)", "technology": "Automatic number plate recognition, including data from third-party ANPR networks", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "Auror; SaferCities (VGRID)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "The Office of the Privacy Commissioner and the Police Association were consulted on the 2023 baseline audit. The December 2024 follow-up audit says repeat audits of both platforms will be part of Police's rolling Audit and Assurance Work Plan, with results that could be shared with the Assurance and Risk Committee and made available on request to oversight bodies such as the Office of the Privacy Commissioner.", "notes": "Established by New Zealand Police's own news release of 26 April 2023 announcing the findings of a baseline audit into how staff access externally provided ANPR data. The audit cross-referenced over 350,000 ANPR reviews from 2018 to 2022 across two provider platforms. Assistant Commissioner Johnson is quoted saying the audit confirmed the vast majority of Police use the tool within guidelines; five officers were referred for misconduct review. Current use is confirmed by the ANPR chapter of the Police Manual, published in April 2026 on the Police website, which describes 'Police use of NPI collected by third party operators' and 'approved ANPR use'. Police's own emergent technologies page separately states Police have 'Automatic Number Plate Recognition on some cars', so the deployment covers both in-vehicle reading and access to third-party networks.\n\nNo start date is given: the audits cover use from 2018, which establishes use by then but not a start date. No legal basis is recorded: none of the sources states a statute or provision.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The New Zealand Police Assurance Group published a follow-up audit in December 2024 of staff use of two externally provided ANPR platforms, Auror and SaferCities (VGRID), covering the financial years 2018/19 to 2023/24. It reports more than 8,600 registered users in 2024 (6,150 in 2022); about 55,000 to 60,000 searches a month across both platforms in 2023/24 (roughly 20,000 to 25,000 in 2022); 247,162 Auror searches and 441,460 VGRID searches in 2023/24; and tracking alerts falling to roughly 20 to 30 requests a month from about 200 a month in 2022. The audit states no specific legal basis, referring to Police policies and instructions on when tracking may be used. It says repeat audits of both platforms will be included in Police's rolling Audit and Assurance Work Plan, that results could be shared with governance groups such as the Assurance and Risk Committee and made available on request to oversight bodies such as the Office of the Privacy Commissioner, and that summaries of usage statistics might be published.", "source": "New Zealand Police, follow-up ANPR audit, December 2024", "source_url": "https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/police-use-anpr-platforms-audit-report-dec-2024.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/07fb854f-66ea-4cbd-bbd1-d2a6617db1ef" }, { "id": "38722281-9876-44a5-82d8-20d1fd32c873", "code": "PAI-38722281", "force": "New Zealand Police", "country": "New Zealand", "country_code": "nz", "is_country": true, "region": "New Zealand (national)", "technology": "ABIS 2 retrospective facial recognition against the police image database", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Police use of Facial Recognition Technology policy, published October 2025. Independent review by Dr Nessa Lynch and Dr Andrew Chen, which made ten recommendations Police say they are responding to. Expert Panel on Emergent Technologies and the Algorithm Charter.", "notes": "Established by two sources read in this run. RNZ, 14 September 2024, reporting a Police response under the Official Information Act: the Automated Biometric Identification System (ABIS 2) was used 89 times between 21 March 2022 and 3 September 2024, and Police said none of these searches involved 'live' searches - all were retrospective searches to identify images of suspects. RNZ reports that Police adopted their first facial recognition policy in August 2024, restricting live use to rare situations involving immediate risk to life. Separately, New Zealand Police's own facial recognition technology page confirms a published FRT policy, an independent expert review by Dr Nessa Lynch and Dr Andrew Chen covering current and future uses, ten recommendations, and that Police hold 'planned and unused capability'. The Police Manual chapter page dates the current FRT policy document to October 2025.\n\nStatus is operational because Police's own OIA response confirms searches actually run. It is explicitly retrospective: no live or real-time facial recognition deployment is established, and Police say none has occurred.\n\nFields left out and why. 'vendor' is omitted. RNZ names Dataworks Plus as the supplier of the ABIS 2 upgrade, described as costing about 20 million dollars five years earlier, but that rests on one article; searching also surfaced NEC in connection with New Zealand Police biometrics, which appears to relate to the separate fingerprint AFIS rather than to ABIS. Rather than risk conflating two systems, the supplier is recorded here in the notes and attributed to RNZ instead of being asserted as a field. 'since' is omitted: 21 March 2022 is the start of the period the OIA response covers, not an established start date for the system, and RNZ reporting from 2020 indicates ABIS work was already under way. 'legalBasis' is omitted: no statute was established by any page read.", "source": "RNZ", "source_url": "https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/527980/nz-police-used-facial-recognition-technology-89-times-since-2022", "last_checked": "2026-09-09", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/38722281-9876-44a5-82d8-20d1fd32c873" }, { "id": "ec7fcc30-95a5-4cd2-bc62-a70f0042f8bf", "code": "PAI-EC7FCC30", "force": "New Zealand Police", "country": "New Zealand", "country_code": "nz", "is_country": true, "region": "New Zealand (national)", "technology": "Clearview AI facial recognition", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "February 2020", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Reviewed by the Independent Police Conduct Authority, which reported on 30 November 2020.", "notes": "Established by the Independent Police Conduct Authority's published outcome of 30 November 2020, an official oversight body's own record. The Authority found that New Zealand Police trialled Clearview AI facial recognition software between February and March 2020; that the trial was approved by an internal governance group but undertaken without approval from the Police Executive; and that there was no consultation with the Privacy Commissioner or the Government Chief Data Steward. The software 'was deemed not operationally viable'. Police subsequently established a central governance body for emerging technologies and released a policy in September 2020 governing how emergent technologies may be tested or trialled. The Authority's broader assessment was that Police use of surveillance technologies was generally conservative, well-considered and broadly compliant with privacy and data security principles.\n\nStatus is discontinued rather than paused: the Authority records that the software was found not operationally viable and that the response was a new governance regime, not a suspension pending resumption. Nothing read in this run suggests any later Clearview AI use by New Zealand Police.\n\nThis record is included because the withdrawal is the substance: it is the event that produced New Zealand Police's emergent technologies governance framework, the Expert Panel and the later facial recognition policy, all of which the two other New Zealand records in this changeset depend on.\n\nFields left out and why. 'legalBasis' is omitted - the point of the finding is that the trial proceeded without the approvals it should have had. The number of images searched is not stated in the Authority's published outcome and is not asserted anywhere in this record.", "source": "Independent Police Conduct Authority", "source_url": "https://www.ipca.govt.nz/Site/Outcomes/2019-20-summaries-of-police-investigations/2020-nov-30-use-of-emergent-technologies.aspx", "last_checked": "2026-09-09", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ec7fcc30-95a5-4cd2-bc62-a70f0042f8bf" }, { "id": "cee412bb-8a96-4280-997b-2f2489017d8d", "code": "PAI-CEE412BB", "force": "Enugu State Command and Control Centre", "country": "Nigeria", "country_code": "ng", "is_country": true, "region": "Enugu State", "technology": "AI-enabled camera surveillance network integrated with police response", "technology_slug": "real-time-crime-center-integration", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by two sources, one of them an official state government publication.\n\nEnugu State Government, 3 July 2026, reporting the Inspector-General of Police Tunji Disu's visit of 28 June 2026: the Command and Control Centre uses AI-enabled cameras with long-range zoom, operates real-time monitoring across the state with 'officers dedicated to certain areas of the state watching, seeing what is happening', and is linked to the Distress Response Squad, described as a special police unit with over 150 security vehicles fitted with AI-enabled cameras and connected to the centre. Disu is quoted: 'There is no place that is left ungoverned from the control room.'\n\nEconomy Post, 8 September 2026, an investigation: over 1,000 cameras installed across roads, markets, junctions and public facilities; facial recognition and automatic number plate recognition; drones with thermal and zoom capability for areas without fixed coverage; AI analytics designed to detect accidents, wrong-way driving, loitering and unusual gatherings; a command centre at the Enugu State Government House operating 24 hours a day with real-time coordination with security agencies; and budget allocations of about 4.657 billion naira in 2024 and 10 billion naira in 2025 for CCTV, drones and facial recognition. The same investigation reports that no publicly available information identifies the companies that supplied or installed the equipment.\n\nWhat is and is not established. The AI-enabled camera network, the command centre, the 2024 launch and the integration with a named police unit rest on both sources including the state government's own page, and are treated as established. The facial recognition and number plate recognition capabilities, the camera count and the budget figures rest on the Economy Post investigation alone and are recorded here as attributed reporting rather than as confirmed capability - which is why the technology field describes an AI-enabled camera network rather than naming facial recognition.\n\nLegal position. The Economy Post investigation reports that Enugu State has no dedicated safe city or surveillance law, that the state Attorney-General confirmed draft legislation is still being worked on, and that only the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 currently applies. No legal basis is recorded, because the absence of a specific law is a finding about the deployment rather than a legal basis.\n\nNo vendor is recorded: the investigation records that no supplier is publicly identified. No oversight body has been identified.\n\nThis is a state government facility rather than a federal police programme. No source establishes a comparable AI deployment by the Nigeria Police Force nationally.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. An investigation by the International Centre for Investigative Reporting (ICIR, 22 August 2026, by Fidelis Mac-Leva) reports more than a thousand CCTV cameras in Enugu city and drones held at Government House. A special adviser, Vincent Onyeabor, says the AI \"can flag accidents, loitering, wrong-way driving, or unusual crowds\", and the Budget Commissioner is reported as saying the system includes number plate and facial recognition; the 2025 budget allocated 10 billion naira for CCTV, drones and facial recognition for the centre. The centre operates without a law governing it: the Attorney General, Osinachi Peter Mbah, said \"We are still working on a draft legislation\" and that the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 is sufficient for now. ICIR found no independent oversight board and no clear public policy on how long footage is kept or who can download it. The Secretary to the State Government described a \"selective procurement module\" and did not name the vendors. The Police Commissioner, Mamman Bitrus Giwa, is quoted as saying \"The police and DSS carry out the tracking even at the command-and-control centre\", while also saying the police are not in charge of the system. The government denies using the system to track critics; lawyers, activists, journalists and opposition figures quoted by ICIR allege that it does.", "source": "Enugu State Government, 3 July 2026; ICIR, 22 August 2026", "source_url": "https://enugustate.gov.ng/2026/07/03/igp-every-state-should-emulate-enugus-command-and-control-centre-to-fight-insecurity/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/cee412bb-8a96-4280-997b-2f2489017d8d" }, { "id": "043ca6fa-346a-48da-83dc-6b43317723b6", "code": "PAI-043CA6FA", "force": "Politiet (Norwegian Police Service)", "country": "Norway", "country_code": "no", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "AI retrospective biometric remote identification (facial recognition)", "technology_slug": "remote-biometric-id-proposed", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Proposed amendments to the Police Register Act (politiregisterloven) and the Police Register Regulation, issued for public consultation by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security on 21 November 2025 with a deadline of 16 January 2026.", "oversight": "The proposal would require prior approval from the prosecution authority (paatalemyndigheten) for targeted searches against suspected or convicted persons, exempting initial identification of an unknown suspect; would require each use to be documented; and would introduce annual reporting to Datatilsynet. The stated aim is protection equivalent to Article 26(10) of the EU AI Regulation.", "notes": "Established by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security's own consultation documents, read twice in this run - the announcement page and the consultation document page - which agree on the ministry, the date, the deadline and the substance. The proposal covers retrospective biometric remote identification only, described as automated comparison of collected biometric data against corresponding data in a register, for example matching images from video surveillance against stored photographs. The stated purposes are identifying wanted or suspected persons in cases such as violence and sexual offences, and identifying victims and witnesses. The ministry's announcement states that Norwegian police do not today use real-time biometric remote identification systems. Status is proposed, not trial: nothing read establishes that any system has been procured or piloted. IMPORTANT CAVEAT FOR REVIEW: the consultation closed on 16 January 2026, roughly eight months before this run, and no source read establishes what has happened since - whether a bill has been laid before the Storting, amended or dropped. The record should be re-checked before it is relied on as current, and the status may already be out of date in the proposed-to-trial direction.", "source": "Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security", "source_url": "https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/horing-forslag-til-endringer-i-politiregisterloven-og-politiregisterforskriften-regulering-av-politiets-bruk-av-ki-til-etterfolgende-biometrisk-fjernidentifikasjon/id3140335/", "last_checked": "2026-09-06", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/043ca6fa-346a-48da-83dc-6b43317723b6" }, { "id": "93288d30-705a-4b49-ba75-34826382cb6e", "code": "PAI-93288D30", "force": "Policía Nacional del Perú (Centro de Comando, Control, Cómputo y Comunicaciones, C4)", "country": "Peru", "country_code": "pe", "is_country": true, "region": "National, concentrated in Lima", "technology": "Facial recognition video surveillance against the wanted-persons register", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "General Javier Gonzáles, director of the Peruvian National Police's technology and communications directorate, said on 19 November 2025 that of about 3,000 police surveillance cameras nationwide, 500 were already operating with artificial intelligence, and that the full 3,000 would be running with AI between January and February 2026. The facial recognition component matches faces against a register of about 18,000 people with outstanding arrest warrants, with a claimed accuracy of 91 per cent, and sends an alert to the mobile phones of the responsible police unit when a match is made. Monitoring runs from the C4 command centre, coordinating with municipal camera systems in Lince, Surco and Miraflores and with the Falcon intervention unit; the force said it would add about 100 officers and seven dedicated rooms. The first arrest attributed to the system, of Jack Bebeto Rengifo, was made at the C4 in November 2025, and América TV reported in 2026 that trials in shopping centres and busy streets had led to 20 people being located and detained before the technology was extended to two-megapixel cameras capturing the face of each passenger boarding participating Lima buses. A further 10,000 cameras were announced for Lima at a later phase; that expansion is an announcement and is not part of this record. status is 'operational' on the strength of the 500 AI cameras already running and the arrests made, not on the announced 3,000. legalBasis and oversight are empty: no source establishes a statute, regulation or supervisory body for police facial recognition in Peru, and the accuracy figure is the force's own claim rather than an independent measurement. Sources are in Spanish.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Panamericana, in an undated online report published around April 2026, describes a visit by the Vice Minister of Internal Order, Juan Olivera, to the police C4 command centre and says AI tools including facial recognition \"han facilitado la identificación y detención de sospechosos\" (have made it easier to identify and detain suspects). It reports that 25 wanted people listed in the Interior Ministry's rewards programme had been captured from November 2025, the latest on a public transport vehicle. Officials discussed expanding the system with new technology modules and closer coordination with regional governments; no timeline or budget is given.", "source": "Panamericana, around April 2026; Agencia Andina, 19 November 2025", "source_url": "https://panamericana.pe/locales/468032-ia-crimen-mininter-potencia-seguridad-tecnologia-c4", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/93288d30-705a-4b49-ba75-34826382cb6e" }, { "id": "dd16bd31-ea4e-48ff-906f-b63d0489ec19", "code": "PAI-DD16BD31", "force": "Polish police (national programme)", "country": "Poland", "country_code": "pl", "is_country": true, "region": "Poland, national", "technology": "AI investigative analysis programme", "technology_slug": "poland-ai-investigative-programme-proposed", "vendor": "Not specified", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "None specific. The ministry states the new team's principal task is to develop safe and transparent rules for AI use, consistent with European data protection and civil rights standards.", "oversight": "A ministerial AI team, established 22 April 2026, is tasked with setting the rules. No independent regulator identified; reporting notes the announcement carried no implementation timetable, costs, or stated mechanism for auditing the algorithms.", "notes": "Recorded with low confidence on specifics deliberately. Poland's Interior Ministry announced in 2026 that AI would support criminal investigations, evidence analysis, searching large volumes of recordings, pattern detection, connecting related facts across cases, emergency-call analysis and facial recognition for border protection. This is a programme announcement of intent and direction; no specific named system, vendor or confirmed operational deployment was found in the material reviewed, and this entry should be read as a statement of policy direction rather than a confirmed technology in use.\n\nSourcing and detail, verified August 2026. On 22 April 2026 the Interior Minister, Marcin Kierwinski, announced the creation of a dedicated AI team covering the Police, Border Guard and the 112 emergency notification system. The ministry's own statement describes intended uses as: analysis of evidential material, with AI able to search thousands of hours of recordings or thousands of documents; detection of patterns linking apparently unconnected facts; and automated detection of anomalies for cybercrime. The Border Guard is to be supported by automation covering biometrics and image recognition, including automatic detection of border violations. The minister separately stated AI would be used for facial image recognition in border protection.\n\nStill a programme announcement rather than a deployment. The ministry gives the team's principal task as developing safe and transparent rules for AI use. Polish reporting notes the announcement contained no implementation timetable, no indication of which systems would go live first, no costs, and no stated mechanism for scrutinising how the algorithms operate. The minister's stated starting point was that the existing IT tools for data processing were built more than twenty years ago. The team held its first meeting in May 2026.", "source": "Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnetrznych i Administracji (MSWiA), official announcement", "source_url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia/sztuczna-inteligencja-pomoze-sluzbom-mswia-w-walce-z-przestepczoscia-w-ochronie-granic-i-zarzadzaniu-kryzysowym-minister-marcin-kierwinski-powolal-zespol-ds-ai", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/dd16bd31-ea4e-48ff-906f-b63d0489ec19" }, { "id": "060a55948b4c7c10", "code": "PAI-060A5594", "force": "Moscow police (Ministry of Internal Affairs)", "country": "Russia", "country_code": "ru", "is_country": true, "region": "Moscow", "technology": "Facial recognition CCTV network (including systems reported as “Sfera” and “Face Control”)", "technology_slug": "moscow-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Domestic and NtechLab-linked systems reported", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2017", "legal_basis": "Internal Ministry of Internal Affairs authorisation; no independent judicial warrant process reported for routine use", "oversight": "None independent identified", "notes": "Built around a Unified Data Storage and Processing Center in Moscow that aggregates CCTV feeds, with NtechLab supplying the facial recognition software. Official figures reported in 2024 put the national camera count above one million, with around 230,000 in Moscow and roughly a third connected to facial recognition.\n\nThe European Union placed both NtechLab and Tevian, the two companies most directly documented as having supplied the system, under human rights sanctions in July 2023 (Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1495), for involvement in serious human rights violations including arbitrary arrests and detentions. NtechLab is owned via Rostec, Russia's state military-industrial holding company. A further contributing algorithm, Kipod, was developed by Belarusian company Synesis, separately sanctioned over its use identifying protesters in Belarus.\n\nThe European Court of Human Rights ruled in July 2023, in a case brought by a solo protester identified via Moscow metro CCTV, that the system's use violated Articles 8 and 10 of the Convention. Russia left the Council of Europe in 2022 and is no longer bound by ECHR rulings, so the judgment carries no domestic legal effect but remains a significant international finding.\n\nScale claim, August 2026: Moscow mayor Sergei Sobyanin stated that more than 30,000 federally wanted people had been detained over the past year with the help of the Sphere system, now operating in 60 Russian regions. This is an official Russian claim reported by state-linked media, not independently verified, and if accurate would make this a near-national rather than a Moscow system.\n\nA change that degrades future evidence quality and should be read alongside every figure above: OVD-Info, the principal independent monitor of this system, was designated an extremist organisation by Russian authorities in June 2026 and banned from operating in Russia. Its documented case counts, including at least 595 cases recorded in the 2021 to 2022 window, are likely to be the last comprehensive independent record for some time, and future counts should be assumed to undercount.\n\nTwo documented, named uses illustrate the general pattern described above. Several people who attended the funeral of opposition leader Alexei Navalny on 1 March 2024 were detained in the following days, reportedly identified via CCTV and online footage of the memorial (EU Asylum Agency country-focus report, citing Eurasianet). Separately, Human Rights Watch has documented the system's use to locate men evading military conscription following Russia's 2022 mobilisation order. Leaked internal budget documents reviewed by Estonian outlet VSquare describe a stated purpose of \"recognising... individuals for destructive and/or disloyal behavior\" and allocate at least 11.2 billion rubles (over EUR 111 million) to the system's development for 2024 to 2026, corroborating the scale already recorded above rather than introducing a separate figure.", "source": "OVD-Info documentation; Meduza, RFE/RL and The Bureau of Investigative Journalism reporting; EU Asylum Agency; Human Rights Watch; VSquare", "source_url": "https://reports.ovd.info/en/how-russian-state-uses-cameras-against-protesters", "last_checked": "2026-09-03", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/060a55948b4c7c10" }, { "id": "5583bc97-02a6-4c2d-865a-2614eec59dbe", "code": "PAI-5583BC97", "force": "Home Team Science and Technology Agency (HTX)", "country": "Singapore", "country_code": "sg", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Police Ground Robots", "technology_slug": "police-ground-robots", "vendor": "HTX", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Home Team Humanoid Robotics Centre (H2RC)", "status": "developing", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "HTX is investing about S$100m in a Home Team Humanoid Robotics Centre to develop humanoid robots for high-risk work such as firefighting, hazardous materials and search and rescue. Deployment is planned from as early as mid-2027, remotely controlled at first and autonomously from 2029. Later reporting (October 2026) describes deployment alongside public safety officers by 2028, including blast investigations and prison searches. No police unit has confirmed use.", "source": "British Chamber of Commerce Singapore, reporting Minister Josephine Teo", "source_url": "https://www.britcham.org.sg/news/home-team-humanoid-robots-be-deployed-mid-2027-100m-be-invested-josephine-teo", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5583bc97-02a6-4c2d-865a-2614eec59dbe" }, { "id": "a12a0cfe-0a48-4ee9-bb28-8c2b53062072", "code": "PAI-A12A0CFE", "force": "Singapore Police Force", "country": "Singapore", "country_code": "sg", "is_country": true, "region": "Singapore (national)", "technology": "Home Team SkyGuardian beyond-visual-line-of-sight drone patrol and incident response", "technology_slug": "drone-first-responder", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by the Singapore Police Force's own account of its Police Workplan Seminar 2026, published on police.gov.sg and read twice in this run through differently encoded URLs, with consistent results both times: 'From May 2026, the drones began operating aerial patrols from eight drone pods located outside Singapore's aerodromes.' Payloads are given as high-definition thermal imaging cameras, emergency blinkers, searchlights and loudspeakers, with remote operators at the Police Operations Command Centre.\n\nOne qualification on the technology link. The catalogue's drone-first-responder record describes systems that launch automatically on emergency calls to arrive ahead of ground units. SkyGuardian is used for routine aerial patrol as well as incident response, so it is broader than the US model that record is built around. The slug is the closest fit in the catalogue and is applied on that basis, not because the two are identical.\n\nFields left out: 'vendor' is omitted because the force publication names no manufacturer. 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are omitted because neither is described in the source; Singapore has no published police-specific drone authorisation framework that this run could verify.", "source": "Singapore Police Force", "source_url": "https://www.police.gov.sg/Media-Hub/Police-Life/2026/05/From-Frontlines-to-Frontiers-Police-Workplan-Seminar-2026", "last_checked": "2026-09-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a12a0cfe-0a48-4ee9-bb28-8c2b53062072" }, { "id": "7175f6b8-1d4d-4538-aaa5-29a9c539ebe1", "code": "PAI-7175F6B8", "force": "Singapore Police Force", "country": "Singapore", "country_code": "sg", "is_country": true, "region": "Singapore (national)", "technology": "Report Lodging Co-Pilot (R-COP) AI report-lodging assistant", "technology_slug": "", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by the Singapore Police Force's account of its Police Workplan Seminar 2026, read twice in this run. R-COP is described as an AI-assisted chatbot that helps members of the public lodge police reports at self-help kiosks. Both readings agree that it launched in October 2025 and had expanded to 21 more Neighbourhood Police Centres as of April 2026.\n\nOne detail is deliberately not recorded. The two readings of the page differed on the initial launch sites, one rendering them as seven Police Land Division headquarters and the other simply as police headquarters. Because this run cannot settle which is correct, the initial site count is left out rather than asserted.\n\n'techSlug' is omitted because no catalogue entry fits. This is not officer report writing, which the ai-report-writing record explicitly limits to turning body-worn camera audio into an officer's draft; and it is not call triage, since the ai-emergency-call-triage record was read in this run and states that it covers 999/911 call handling rather than public-facing reporting assistants. A technology record for public-facing AI report-lodging assistants is worth creating once there is more than one documented instance; that judgement is left to the operator and is discussed in the report.\n\nFields left out: 'vendor', 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are all omitted because the source establishes none of them.", "source": "Singapore Police Force", "source_url": "https://www.police.gov.sg/Media-Hub/Police-Life/2026/05/From-Frontlines-to-Frontiers-Police-Workplan-Seminar-2026", "last_checked": "2026-09-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/7175f6b8-1d4d-4538-aaa5-29a9c539ebe1" }, { "id": "50b97cc2-f516-4fbc-9cd7-be4007c2f629", "code": "PAI-50B97CC2", "force": "Singapore Police Force", "country": "Singapore", "country_code": "sg", "is_country": true, "region": "Singapore (national)", "technology": "AI screening of seized devices for obscene material", "technology_slug": "csam-detection-classification", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by a written parliamentary reply from the Ministry of Home Affairs, dated 3 October 2023, answering a question from Mr Desmond Choo on how the police have incorporated artificial intelligence into enforcement work. The page was read twice in this run and gave the same sentence both times: 'Investigators use an AI programme to sieve out possible obscene materials from seized devices.'\n\nThe programme is not named, no vendor is identified, and no accuracy or volume figures are given. The record asserts only what the reply asserts: that such a programme is in investigative use.\n\n'techSlug' is omitted rather than linked to csam-detection-classification. The reply says 'obscene materials', which is broader than child sexual abuse material, and one reading of the page added a child abuse framing that the verbatim sentence does not support. Linking the two would import a claim the source does not make.\n\n'since' is omitted because the reply establishes the programme was in use by October 2023 but not when it began. Note for future cycles: this record rests on a statement now nearly three years old. Nothing found in this run contradicts it, but it should be re-checked against a more recent parliamentary reply or force publication before its verified date is advanced.", "source": "Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore", "source_url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/media-room/newsroom/written-reply-to-pq-on-how-has-police-incorporated-artificial-intelligence-into-its-enforcement-work/", "last_checked": "2026-09-07", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/50b97cc2-f516-4fbc-9cd7-be4007c2f629" }, { "id": "6d47eeff-fe7e-4656-b288-6d9ec7cc47ce", "code": "PAI-6D47EEFF", "force": "Singapore Police Force (Police Coast Guard)", "country": "Singapore", "country_code": "sg", "is_country": true, "region": "Singapore territorial waters", "technology": "Autonomous unmanned surface vessel for maritime patrol", "technology_slug": "autonomous-patrol-vehicles", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Recorded as a trial on the force's own wording, quoted verbatim from the Police Workplan Seminar 2026 page: 'At sea, the Police Coast Guard is trialling an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) to support maritime patrols and support incident response.' The status is the force's characterisation, not an inference.\n\nThe same source states the vessel has been operating since March 2026, can operate fully autonomously in navigation, collision avoidance, anchoring and berthing, and has replaced one manned patrol twice a week. Sensors are given as a Seaborne Electro-Optics System, 360-degree stereoscopic cameras, warning systems and two-way communication.\n\n'techSlug' is omitted deliberately. The autonomous-patrol-vehicles record was read in this run and is explicitly limited to road vehicles, distinguishing them from site-patrol robots and stating that they 'operate on roads, at vehicle scale'. A vessel does not belong under it, and forcing the link would misdescribe both.\n\nFields left out: 'vendor', 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are omitted because the source establishes none of them.", "source": "Singapore Police Force", "source_url": "https://www.police.gov.sg/Media-Hub/Police-Life/2026/05/From-Frontlines-to-Frontiers-Police-Workplan-Seminar-2026", "last_checked": "2026-09-07", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/6d47eeff-fe7e-4656-b288-6d9ec7cc47ce" }, { "id": "ec23a580-731a-433c-9ec4-7d8ce8fe1ef5", "code": "PAI-EC23A580", "force": "City of Cape Town", "country": "South Africa", "country_code": "za", "is_country": true, "region": "Hanover Park, Manenberg and Lavender Hill, Cape Town", "technology": "ShotSpotter acoustic gunshot detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (formerly ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "academic", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2016", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The deployment is well established. Engineering News, carried by Polity on 28 July 2023, quoting Alderman JP Smith: acoustic triangulation and GPS pinpoint gunshots and relay the location to dispatch within seconds, with 'within a minute of a weapon being discharged, the police can be deployed' and information on shots fired and weapon type. Live in Hanover Park from December, Manenberg from February and Lavender Hill from March, with 35 firearms and 400 rounds confiscated and 50 arrests, and 10 million rand budgeted for a Nyanga expansion in 2023/24. Cape Argus, 18 June 2026, and IOL, 19 June 2026: the system began as a pilot in Hanover Park in 2016 and expanded to Manenberg and Lavender Hill from 2023; the City invested about 860 million rand over three years across CCTV, drones, body cameras, dashcams, aerial surveillance and gunshot detection; the City described the technology as useful for alerting staff to active shooting incidents and for identifying hotspots to guide deployment.\n\nStatus. In June 2026 Smith was quoted as saying: 'The three-year gunshot detection technology tender has run its course and is currently under review.' An analysis published in July 2026 (see the update below) states that the city council ended the use of ShotSpotter in mid-2026 while reviewing a renewal of the contract. No source shows the system still running.\n\nEffectiveness is contested and the record does not take a side: the City calls the technology useful, while crime-focused organisations quoted in the same reporting question whether it achieved its objectives given continued high violence.\n\nNo legal basis or oversight arrangement is recorded because no source states one. Cost is not given because the 860 million rand figure covers a basket of technologies, not this system.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. An analysis by Grant Oosterwyk (University of Cape Town), Ojelanki Ngwenyama (Toronto Metropolitan University) and Raffaele F Ciriello (University of Sydney), published on allAfrica in July 2026, states: \"In mid-2026 Cape Town's city council ended the use of ShotSpotter.\" It adds that the council said it was reviewing a renewal of the contract. It gives City figures of 3,893 alerts and 9,223 rounds fired in 2024/25, about 30 per cent lower than the year before, and says that more than half of the firearms recovered by City enforcement agencies between April and June 2025 were in areas covered by ShotSpotter. The authors state that there has not yet been an independent public audit of the system's accuracy, and that the City assessed its programme largely using data generated by the supplier. The record is recorded as discontinued on this basis; a renewed contract would reopen it.", "source": "allAfrica (academic analysis), July 2026; Cape Argus, 18 June 2026", "source_url": "https://allafrica.com/stories/202607310048.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ec23a580-731a-433c-9ec4-7d8ce8fe1ef5" }, { "id": "7e53b54f-ab7d-4653-985b-ca2cb74b90c2", "code": "PAI-7E53B54F", "force": "City of Cape Town Metro Police", "country": "South Africa", "country_code": "za", "is_country": true, "region": "Cape Town, Western Cape", "technology": "Automatic number plate recognition, fixed and in-vehicle", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by two independent South African publications, both quoting the City's Mayoral Committee Member for Safety and Security, Alderman JP Smith, by name.\n\nEngineering News, carried by Polity on 28 July 2023: the City already had fixed ANPR cameras, had piloted dashboard-mounted units the previous year, and would fit the technology to more enforcement vehicles in the 2023/24 financial year. The cameras scan plates to detect outstanding fines, warrants, cloned plates and stolen vehicles. Budget of 26 million rand covering ANPR, body cameras, dashcams and digital evidence management.\n\nITWeb, 19 November 2024: 290 in-vehicle ANPR cameras deployed during the 2023/24 financial year, operated with round-the-clock monitoring by the Metro Police Strategic Surveillance Unit. Reported results include one motorist arrested carrying 262 fines and 114 warrants totalling 209,200 rand, and 360 arrests with 71,843 traffic and by-law offences recorded in a single week. Smith is quoted: 'This system is improving efficiency by allowing our officers to focus on the right vehicles, which means it is increasingly more difficult to hide.'\n\nNote that this is a municipal police service, not the South African Police Service. The two bodies are distinct and a future pass should keep them separate. Nothing read in this run establishes any SAPS national ANPR programme.\n\nFields left out and why. 'since' is omitted: fixed cameras predate the 2023 article by an unstated period and the 290 in-vehicle units date from 2023/24, so no single start date is established. 'vendor' is omitted: no supplier is named in either article. 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are omitted: nothing specific was established.", "source": "ITWeb", "source_url": "https://www.itweb.co.za/article/tech-helps-cape-town-track-down-scofflaws/GxwQDM1D1oJ7lPVo", "last_checked": "2026-09-09", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/7e53b54f-ab7d-4653-985b-ca2cb74b90c2" }, { "id": "a8ab3f2e-5c55-4dcf-8eef-c03097b67c06", "code": "PAI-A8AB3F2E", "force": "Korean National Police Agency (National Office of Investigation)", "country": "South Korea", "country_code": "kr", "is_country": true, "region": "South Korea (national)", "technology": "Deepfake detection software", "technology_slug": "deepfake-detection-forensics", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by multiple independent reports of the same police announcement, four of which were read in this run: The Korea Herald and the Korean-language AI Times, both from 5 March 2024, and Financial News and Newspim, both from 13 August 2026.\n\nWhat the March 2024 sources establish: the National Office of Investigation put a deepfake detection tool into use, analysing a video suspected of face-swapping and returning a judgement on authenticity in five to ten minutes; a detection rate of about 80 per cent; and a training corpus of 5.2 million data points drawn from 5,400 people, including one million Korean and 130,000 other Asian samples. Officials stated at the time that because the detection rate is not complete, results guide the direction of an investigation rather than serve as evidence.\n\nWhat the August 2026 sources add, and why this is recorded as operational rather than announced: the software has been applied in 1,636 investigations, including 72 election crime cases in 2026, and sits within a three-part response alongside specialist forensic video analysis and AI forensics that traces which generative program produced a file. Police reported 419 people arrested for deepfake offences between January and July 2026, with 17 detained. Those arrest figures are the output of the investigations, not of the software alone, and should not be read as a measure of its accuracy.\n\n'vendor' is deliberately omitted. The Korean sources describe the model as domestically developed and credit the National Office of Investigation, naming no commercial supplier, while a 2024 vendor press release separately announced a deepfake detection solution developed in collaboration with the agency. This run could not establish whether these are the same system, and averaging the two would be a guess.\n\nAll four sources read for this record are Korean or Korean-English media reporting an official announcement; no primary police release was located. 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are omitted because no source establishes either. 'techSlug' is omitted because no catalogue entry covers synthetic media detection; a technology record is proposed in the same changeset.", "source": "The Korea Herald", "source_url": "https://www.koreaherald.com/article/3339771", "last_checked": "2026-09-07", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a8ab3f2e-5c55-4dcf-8eef-c03097b67c06" }, { "id": "aae800fa-b438-43e8-957f-21b2c80eada1", "code": "PAI-AAE800FA", "force": "Secretariat of State for Security (Ministry of the Interior)", "country": "Spain", "country_code": "es", "is_country": true, "region": "Spain, national", "technology": "Algorithmic Risk Assessment", "technology_slug": "viogen-algorithmic-risk-assessment", "vendor": "VioGen", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2007", "legal_basis": "Organic Law 1/2004 on Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence; operated by the Secretariat of State for Security, Interior Ministry", "oversight": "No dedicated external regulator identified; Eticas Foundation conducted an independent reverse-engineered audit in 2021 after offering a pro-bono audit in 2018 and receiving no response", "notes": "Launched 2007, updated to VioGen 5.0 in 2019, with an AI pilot to refine the model from 2022. Runs nationwide excluding the Basque Country and Catalonia, which operate separately. Officers complete two questionnaires (Police Risk Assessment/VPR and Police Risk Evolution Assessment/VPER) covering 35 indicators, producing a score sorting cases into five bands (unappreciated/negligible, low, medium, high, extreme) that determines the level of police protection assigned to a victim. Eticas describes the method as classical statistical weighting rather than machine learning. Eticas's 2021 audit found officers keep the automatic outcome in 95% of cases despite it being designed as an overridable recommendation. New York Times reporting found at least 247 women killed by partners since 2007 after VioGen assessment, at least 55 of them scored negligible or low risk. As of 2025: roughly 92,000 active cases, 83% classified low or negligible risk. This is decision-support and risk assessment rather than the narrower predictive-policing sense of forecasting where crime will occur.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. El Español (31 May 2026) reports that a team at the Centro Crímina of Universidad Miguel Hernández in Elche is developing \"VioGén 2.0\", a planned upgrade of the system under a five-month tender, with VioGén 2.0 expected to be ready \"antes del verano\" (before the summer). The team is reported to be testing whether techniques including artificial intelligence improve the algorithm, checking whether the current variables still predict risk, and adding information from police, family and other professionals to the victim's account. The centre's director, Fernando Miró, says the Secretariat of State for Security has set as a red line that \"un algoritmo no puede decidir por sí solo\" (an algorithm cannot decide on its own), and that the Secretariat will decide how to implement the changes. The article gives no date for VioGén 2.0 to enter use. This record was previously named \"Spanish police (multi-force)\"; it is now recorded under the Secretariat of State for Security, which runs the system.", "source": "El Español, 31 May 2026", "source_url": "https://www.elespanol.com/alicante/elche/20260531/viogen-nuevo-sistema-gobierno-blinda-victimas-maltrato-elimina-errores-sin-denuncia-no-actua/1003744261923_0.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/aae800fa-b438-43e8-957f-21b2c80eada1" }, { "id": "e4c2fc58-4b6e-410a-92ca-5d5c7392b21d", "code": "PAI-E4C2FC58", "force": "Spanish National Police", "country": "Spain", "country_code": "es", "is_country": true, "region": "Spain, national", "technology": "AI Report Analysis", "technology_slug": "veripol-ai-report-analysis", "vendor": "VeriPol", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statutory basis. The EU AI Act, in force from July 2024, classified tools of this kind as high risk, which is widely reported as a factor in the decision to stop using it.", "oversight": "Spain's Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno, which ordered the Interior Ministry to release information about the tool following requests by the transparency organisation Civio", "notes": "VeriPol applied natural language analysis to written robbery reports to flag characteristics statistically associated with false reports. It analysed the text of a report a victim or witness gave rather than physical evidence or camera footage, which makes it a materially different form of police AI from the video and biometric systems that make up most of this tracker.\n\nLaunched nationally in October 2018 after a 2017 pilot in Malaga and Murcia, and promoted at the time as over 90 percent accurate. Spain's Dirección General de la Policía confirmed to the transparency organisation Civio that the tool stopped being used on 21 October 2024, giving as its reason that it lacked validity in judicial proceedings. That date is three months after the EU AI Act came into force.\n\nThe evidence base was thin from the outset and this is central to understanding the entry rather than incidental to it. The model was trained on 1,122 robbery reports from 2015, and rested on a starting assumption that 57 percent of violent robbery reports are false. A University of Valencia analysis identified serious design deficiencies. Usage fell sharply over time, from roughly 84,000 reports analysed up to October 2020 to 3,762 in 2022. The Interior Ministry has declined to release which police stations deployed it or how often it was used, and a transparency complaint on that point remains open.", "source": "Civio, reporting the Directorate General of Police's confirmation", "source_url": "https://civio.es/transparencia/2025/03/25/national-police-stop-using-veripol-its-star-ai-for-detecting-false-reports/", "last_checked": "2026-08-27", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e4c2fc58-4b6e-410a-92ca-5d5c7392b21d" }, { "id": "c6873efa-3580-4b27-a83b-20f337746c10", "code": "PAI-C6873EFA", "force": "Swedish Police Authority", "country": "Sweden", "country_code": "se", "is_country": true, "region": "Sweden, national", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in the source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Lag (2026:806) om anvandning av AI-system for ansiktsigenkanning i realtid for brottsbekampande andamal, in force 1 July 2026. Passed by the Riksdag on 26 May 2026 following Prop. 2025/26:150 and committee report 2025/26:JuU28.", "oversight": "Statutory. Use is subject to prior authorisation and to notification duties to affected individuals under sections 19-21 of the Act. The EU AI Act applies directly in Sweden alongside it.", "notes": "Recorded with lower confidence than most entries on this tracker. The source describes a legal authorisation having been put in place, not a confirmed operational deployment; there is a meaningful difference between a law permitting a technology and evidence that it is actually being used, and only the former was confirmed in the material reviewed.\n\nUpdate, verified August 2026. The distinction this entry drew was right, and it has now been overtaken by events on both sides of it.\n\nOn the law: the Riksdag approved the government's proposal on 26 May 2026, and Lag (2026:806) on the use of AI systems for real-time facial recognition for law enforcement purposes came into force on 1 July 2026. It permits the Police Authority, and in certain cases the Security Service, to use real-time facial recognition only where absolutely necessary, in three defined situations: to locate or identify a person suspected of being a victim of kidnapping, human trafficking or human exploitation, or who is missing and suspected of being a victim of crime; where there is an imminent risk the person will commit a serious offence endangering another's life or physical safety; or where a person is reasonably suspected of a serious offence carrying four years' imprisonment or more. The legislation is time-limited and subject to evaluation.\n\nOn deployment: in June 2026 the Police Authority announced it had begun testing facial recognition systems, and stated that footage from the national camera platform, including images of individuals captured through general camera surveillance, would be used as the basis for testing the technology. Status is therefore updated from proposed to trial. This remains testing rather than confirmed operational use against live watchlists, and that distinction should be preserved on this entry until the force states otherwise.", "source": "Sveriges riksdag; Polismyndigheten; Regeringskansliet (Prop. 2025/26:150)", "source_url": "https://polisen.se/aktuellt/nyheter/nationell/2026/juni/polisen-testar-system-for-ansiktsigenkanning/", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/c6873efa-3580-4b27-a83b-20f337746c10" }, { "id": "747f5a15-732f-4996-8cdd-d5e1ec4b5206", "code": "PAI-747F5A15", "force": "fedpol (Swiss Federal Office of Police)", "country": "Switzerland", "country_code": "ch", "is_country": true, "region": "Federal", "technology": "Facial image comparison module (Gesichtsbildabgleich) in the AFIS biometric system", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Thales DIS Schweiz", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "A 2013 ordinance is reported to be the basis (nau.ch, 8 May 2023, reporting CH Media; Netzwoche calls it a very thin basis); fedpol's pages cite no specific statute for the module. A criminal law professor argues that a general authorisation at ordinance level is not sufficient. For live facial recognition, fedpol states there is no legal basis in Switzerland.", "oversight": "fedpol states that matches produced automatically are verified manually by its own facial image experts, that comparison is carried out exclusively against images already stored in AFIS from police person-queries - social media images and identity document photographs are excluded - and that use is confined to individual cases after an offence, with real-time surveillance ruled out.", "notes": "Established by fedpol's own page on Gesichtsbildabgleich, which describes the automated fingerprint identification system AFIS being renewed and extended with a facial image comparison module, under which facial image traces from crime scenes are compared against stored facial images of known persons. The page refers to the project as AFIS2026 and gives a contract award announced on 10 March 2025. Status is recorded as proposed because fedpol describes a system being built, and no source shows the module in use. fedpol's pages do not state which law and article authorise the module, and Swiss commentary disputes whether the existing basis is adequate (see below). A contract award date is not a deployment date, so no start date is given.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Netzwoche (an update dated 10 March 2025 to a 2023 report) says fedpol awarded the AFIS2026 contract to Thales DIS Schweiz, published on the Simap procurement platform on 10 March 2025, for an initial nine years extendable to 15, with productive operation planned to start in the first quarter of 2027 and to proceed in stages. It reports fedpol's stated safeguards: data hosted in Switzerland, no Thales access to operational data, no photographs from social media or identity documents, matching only case by case after an offence, and no automatic real-time surveillance by cameras in public space. Nau.ch (8 May 2023), reporting interviews by CH Media, says the project rests on a 2013 ordinance, quotes Monika Simmler, professor of criminal law at the University of St Gallen, as saying that a general authorisation at ordinance level is not sufficient (\"Dafür genügt eine Pauschalermächtigung auf Verordnungsstufe nicht\"), and reports that a fedpol spokesperson accepted that facial image matching is a form of facial recognition. It also reports that the Federal Council approved a credit of just under 25 million francs to renew AFIS by 2026. fedpol's AFIS2026 page states that there is no legal basis in Switzerland for live facial recognition. No use of the module has been reported.", "source": "fedpol; Netzwoche, update of 10 March 2025; nau.ch, 8 May 2023", "source_url": "https://www.fedpol.admin.ch/de/gesichtsbildabgleich", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/747f5a15-732f-4996-8cdd-d5e1ec4b5206" }, { "id": "29d5da30-3d86-4e5d-8429-74c04340bac1", "code": "PAI-29D5DA30", "force": "Kantonspolizei Aargau", "country": "Switzerland", "country_code": "ch", "is_country": true, "region": "Canton of Aargau", "technology": "Precobs place-based burglary prediction", "technology_slug": "precobs", "vendor": "LogObject AG", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "A place-based predictive policing system that identifies clusters of recorded burglaries and flags areas where further offences are considered likely, used to direct patrols. Established by three independent sources read in this run and by no cantonal police publication, which is why the confidence rests on the multiple-sources limb rather than on official evidence. SRF, the Swiss public broadcaster, reported on 27 April 2020 that the force had used the software for five years and quoted its media spokesman Roland Pfister saying 'Die Software fasst keine Einbrecher' - the software does not catch burglars - and describing its value as putting officers in the right place, primarily for prevention. AlgorithmWatch CH's atlas of algorithms in Swiss public administration records Precobs in use in Switzerland since 2013 across Zurich, Aargau and Basel-Landschaft, names LogObject AG as vendor, and records Basel-Landschaft discontinuing it in 2020 on the ground that it no longer met the increased requirements of crime analysis. Netzwoche, 1 July 2026, reports the Aargau force still using Precobs alongside a second tool called Picar, and states that these process case data rather than personal data. The 'since' field is left empty because those sources do not agree on a start date for Aargau specifically: SRF's 2020 account implies roughly 2015, while the AlgorithmWatch entry dates Precobs in Switzerland as a whole to 2013. Legal basis and oversight left empty: no source read establishes either for this force. techSlug omitted deliberately - see the accompanying report.", "source": "SRF (Swiss Radio and Television)", "source_url": "https://www.srf.ch/news/regional/aargau-solothurn/aargauer-polizei-software-opfer-des-eigenen-erfolges", "last_checked": "2026-09-07", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/29d5da30-3d86-4e5d-8429-74c04340bac1" }, { "id": "b8fa2dff-f2b0-456b-874c-fff400c43d72", "code": "PAI-B8FA2DFF", "force": "General Directorate of Security (Emniyet Genel Mudurlugu)", "country": "Turkey", "country_code": "tr", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "Plate Recognition System (PTS) with average-speed violation detection", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The Turkish national police operate PTS, a registration plate reading system, and have built average-speed violation detection on top of it. The force's own announcement of 28 February 2025 states that 80 average-speed detection systems have been installed across 15 provinces — Aksaray, Ankara, Balikesir, Bursa, Corum, Eskisehir, Karaman, Kayseri, Kirikkale, Kirsehir, Konya, Nevsehir, Nigde, Sivas and Yozgat — covering 4,035 kilometres of road, with enforcement beginning on 1 March 2025 after warning signage was installed. The announcement gives a planned national expansion to 468 systems across 54 provinces, and situates the programme in the 2021-2030 Road Traffic Safety Strategy and a Vision Zero approach.\n\nScope note. The source read establishes plate recognition operated by the national police for traffic enforcement. It does not establish that PTS reads are used for crime detection, watchlist matching or vehicle-of-interest alerting, and no such use should be inferred from this record. Turkish reporting and vendor material describe a wider City Security Management System (KGYS) integrating plate and face recognition, but that rests on supplier statements and is not recorded here.\n\nFields left empty and why. 'since' is omitted: the announcement dates the start of average-speed enforcement to 1 March 2025 but does not date PTS itself, which is older. 'vendor' is omitted: the announcement names no supplier. 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are omitted: neither is established by the page read, which cites a strategy document rather than a statute.\n\nEvidence base. A publication of the Emniyet Genel Mudurlugu, read twice through differently encoded URLs with consistent figures on both passes. Turkish-language source, translated here.", "source": "Emniyet Genel Mudurlugu (Turkish National Police)", "source_url": "https://www.egm.gov.tr/pts-eds-ortalama-hiz-ihlal-tespiti-28-02-2025", "last_checked": "2026-09-05", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b8fa2dff-f2b0-456b-874c-fff400c43d72" }, { "id": "5bcadb1e-b764-4ea6-80cb-3ab83bce87d6", "code": "PAI-5BCADB1E", "force": "Dubai Police", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "country_code": "ae", "is_country": true, "region": "Dubai", "technology": "Oyoon AI surveillance camera network (facial recognition and plate recognition)", "technology_slug": "oyoon-dubai-surveillance", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Oyoon — Arabic for 'eyes' — pools camera feeds from tourist sites, public transport, the road network and public buildings into a Dubai Police command centre, where software matches faces against police records and reads vehicle registration plates to flag wanted people and vehicles. Dubai Police run it with partner bodies including the State Security Agency, Dubai Municipality and the Roads and Transport Authority.\n\nFigures, each with its source. In March 2019 Gulf News quoted First Lieutenant Ali Al Shehi of the Dubai Police Criminal Investigation Department saying the cameras 'helped arrest 319 suspects in different areas in Dubai through their automatic facial recognition technology' in the preceding year, and gave 5,000 cameras in the Metro system alone. In July 2021 Gulf News reported Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, briefed on the programme alongside the Dubai Police Commander-in-Chief, saying Dubai is monitored by more than 300,000 cameras, and reported emergency response times falling from 6.46 minutes to under three minutes. The Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice, in a country study current to March 2026, describes Oyoon as using facial recognition and behaviour analysis to identify suspects and track vehicles and plates across more than 5,000 cameras at tourist sites, public transport and traffic.\n\nLegal position. The Oxford study states that there is no dedicated legislation in the UAE governing the use of AI in criminal proceedings, and that the framework rests on general instruments — the Charter for the Development and Use of AI (2024), the AI Ethics Principles and Guidelines (2022) and the AI Adoption Guideline in Government Services (2023). 'legalBasis' and 'oversight' are therefore omitted rather than filled: the honest statement is that neither is established.\n\nWeaknesses, stated plainly. No Dubai Police publication was read directly in this run; dubaipolice.gov.ae could not be reached. Everything above is official statement relayed by reputable regional journalism, plus one academic source. The camera counts are not consistent with one another and are not treated as a single figure: 5,000 is the Metro estate, 300,000 is the ruler's figure for the emirate as a whole, and the two are reported five years apart. No independent accuracy or false-match figure exists for the facial recognition component, and none is asserted here.", "source": "Gulf News", "source_url": "https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-briefed-about-oyoon-security-surveillance-programme-in-dubai-1.80650875", "last_checked": "2026-09-07", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5bcadb1e-b764-4ea6-80cb-3ab83bce87d6" }, { "id": "976ad999-a3b4-4311-b8f8-66113e9890e3", "code": "PAI-976AD999", "force": "Avon and Somerset Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Avon and Somerset", "technology": "Predictive Analytics Programme", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "Built in-house", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2017", "legal_basis": "Not established in available sources", "oversight": "Subject to legal challenge; independent review conducted by Eticas. The force says a data science ethics group reviews each product, models follow the ALGO-CARE framework and it is identifying an independent party to review the models.", "notes": "At least 23 predictive models developed, with 13 risk models carrying performance data used between 2017 and 2024, covering missing people, antisocial behaviour, and likelihood of committing or suffering crime.\n\nAn Eticas review of more than 36,000 disclosed model performance scores found low precision, including a burglary prediction model below 10 percent precision for over three years. The force's Offender Management App, designed to hold data on around 300,000 people and described internally as a league table of the area's most dangerous criminals, correctly predicted only one in three actual offenders while flagging one in four non-offenders on July 2025 audit data. A subject is pursuing legal challenge.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Liberty Investigates (25 June 2026) reports that a police spokesperson said the force \"chose not to deploy some of the models it developed, including the one relating to burglaries\", and that the audit data came from a static file not deleted when the decision not to deploy was made; the burglary model's low precision should be read with that in mind. The same article says predictive analytics \"continues to play a significant role\", that underperforming models are updated or turned off, and that the force is identifying an independent party to review the models. The force's own data science page says it has deployed 40 to 50 models since 2013, all developed in-house; that none of its predictive analytics assess the likelihood of an individual committing a crime, and that risk scores aid professional judgement; that there is no automated decision-making; that it uses no commercial geodemographic products such as Mosaic or Acorn; that a data science ethics group reviews each product; and that models follow the ALGO-CARE framework. The page does not mention the Offender Management App or state a legal basis. A Freedom of Information response (request 698-25; request dated 3 June 2025, response undated) lists nine models as at 1 June 2025, six predicting risk (including a 'Victim' and an 'Offender' model) and three data quality models, with accuracy, precision and recall scores; it does not confirm which were deployed. The force's statement that it makes no individual predictions sits uneasily with the 'Offender' models in its own FOI list and with the app described by Liberty Investigates; both positions are recorded here. The Eticas review itself was not read.", "source": "Liberty Investigates and WIRED, 25 June 2026; Avon and Somerset Police data science page; Avon and Somerset Police FOI response 698-25", "source_url": "https://libertyinvestigates.org.uk/articles/predictive-policing-avon-somerset-bristol-police-ai-minority-report/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/976ad999-a3b4-4311-b8f8-66113e9890e3" }, { "id": "5c53248c-41cd-4fac-abbb-5d2490cd5233", "code": "PAI-5C53248C", "force": "Avon and Somerset Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Avon and Somerset", "technology": "Söze investigation analytics platform", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Six-monthly reports on use and take-up to the force's GSB (the decision does not expand the abbreviation); consultation with national bodies, the local ethics committee and the supplier; an AI statement aligned to the NPCC AI Covenant; data protection impact assessments, security assessments, data sharing and processing agreements, and NPPV3 supplier vetting with SIRO risk oversight.", "notes": "The Police and Crime Commissioner's decision 2026/002, signed on 12 February 2026, approves a final business case to procure Söze on a three-year contract with a one-year optional extension, moving it from an 18-month Proof of Value into business-as-usual use. The document describes Söze as an investigation analytics tool, initially designed for Australian law enforcement, that searches and identifies evidence across photo, video, audio and text, hosted in the force's own Azure environment. The Proof of Value is reported to have shown improved evidence discovery, a positive effect on officer wellbeing and reduced reliance on specialist resources. Approval is conditional on the 'AI figure' being 100 per cent before contract sign-off and on decision gateways being built in. A force FOI response on AI technologies (reference 1159/25; request dated 5 September 2025, response undated) lists Söze as used in proof-of-concept and proof-of-value contexts, with a contract from 1 October 2024 to 30 September 2025 worth 448,500 pounds, and does not name the supplier. The decision document gives no contract value or supplier. The status is recorded as a trial because no source shows routine operational use after the decision.", "source": "Avon and Somerset Police and Crime Commissioner, decision 2026/002, 12 February 2026", "source_url": "https://www.avonandsomerset-pcc.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026_002-PCC-Decision-Final-Business-Case-SOZE.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/5c53248c-41cd-4fac-abbb-5d2490cd5233" }, { "id": "15ce7a8f-a461-44f3-a5b3-c35644d69eef", "code": "PAI-15CE7A8F", "force": "Avon and Somerset Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Avon and Somerset", "technology": "Microsoft Copilot Chat (generative AI)", "technology_slug": "microsoft-copilot", "vendor": "Microsoft", "vendor_slug": "microsoft", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "The force publishes an acceptable use of Microsoft Copilot policy applying to officers, staff, volunteers, partner agencies, contractors and third parties with access to its information or systems.", "notes": "In a Freedom of Information response on its use of AI technologies (request dated 5 September 2025, reference 1159/25; the response is undated but refers to events on 31 March 2026), Avon and Somerset Police states that 'Copilot Chat is available throughout Avon and Somerset Police', and that a licensed version of Microsoft 365 Copilot is being trialled with no long-term licences committed. The response says its Copilot usage policy was in draft at the time of the request and has since been finalised; the force publishes an acceptable use of Microsoft Copilot policy (the page is undated; the PDF is labelled v1). The response also says no AI system is currently used to make operational decisions without human involvement. It also lists NICE Investigate, the force's digital evidence management system, as an approved tool, and says Pimloc SecureRedact, which it describes as 'billed by the vendor as being AI-powered', ceased being used on 31 March 2026. The response does not say what Copilot Chat is used for, or from when.", "source": "Avon and Somerset Police FOI response 1159/25 (use of AI technologies)", "source_url": "https://www.avonandsomerset.police.uk/about/freedom-of-information-and-publication-scheme/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/requests/use-of-ai-technologies/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/15ce7a8f-a461-44f3-a5b3-c35644d69eef" }, { "id": "17c7d664-882c-4e13-8f7b-28790204207b", "code": "PAI-17C7D664", "force": "Avon and Somerset Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Avon and Somerset", "technology": "Retrospective facial recognition (Police National Database search)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-fr-pnd", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Police National Database", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "In a Freedom of Information response (request dated 8 April 2025, reference 490-25; response undated), Avon and Somerset Police confirms it has used retrospective facial recognition with body-worn video footage in incidents of disorder, drawing on the Police National Database. It says it holds no central record of the dates and locations, and that finding them would take more than 18 hours, so that part was refused under Section 12. It holds no information on live facial recognition or operator-initiated facial recognition deployments. A later response (request dated 3 February 2026, reference 13982808) says the force uses 'facial searching through the Police National Database', provided by the Home Office, and also states 'We do not use any facial recognition software'; it neither confirms nor denies covert automatic facial recognition, citing Sections 23(5), 24(2) and 31(3). The force's statements are recorded as made.", "source": "Avon and Somerset Police FOI response 490-25 (request dated 8 April 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.avonandsomerset.police.uk/about/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/requests/use-of-facial-recognition-technology", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/17c7d664-882c-4e13-8f7b-28790204207b" }, { "id": "fff18a54-10d8-4e94-b44c-3dd1e562d51f", "code": "PAI-FFF18A54", "force": "Bedfordshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Bedfordshire", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace Watch), according to NEC", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "A Memorandum of Understanding between the Bedfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner and the Chief Constable governs use, and an ethics panel assesses compliance and community impact. Both are stated on the force's own live facial recognition page and in its news release of 11 September 2025. Neither the Memorandum of Understanding nor any ethics panel minutes were read in this run.", "notes": "Established by two Bedfordshire Police publications read on 9 September 2026: the force's live facial recognition page, and its news release \"Police announce use of Live Facial Recognition across Bedfordshire\", published 11 September 2025. The release describes the roll out of a new capability rather than a trial, and gives the first deployment as Friday 19 September 2025 in Bedford town centre, following earlier use at the Bedford River Festival. Superintendent Ian Taylor is named as the force's LFR strategic lead and Police and Crime Commissioner John Tizard states that he agreed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Chief Constable. The current force page publishes a table of planned deployments in Bedford and Luton town centres through September 2026 and states that the force is \"now at a stage where we are confident in its ability to accurately identify missing people or people of interest\". That continuing published deployment schedule, and the force's own framing of the September 2025 launch as a roll out rather than a trial, are the basis for recording the status as operational. Legal basis is deliberately left empty: the force page cites the Data Protection Act 2018, MOPI and the Criminal Procedures and Investigations Act 1996 in relation to retention of data, and section 60AA of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 in relation to face coverings, but names no statutory power for the deployment itself. Neither force publication names a supplier; the vendor field rests only on the supplier's own case study, described in the update below. Unlike Essex, Surrey and Northamptonshire, the force publishes forthcoming deployments only and carries no historical register of past deployments with watchlist sizes, alerts or outcomes; the only arrest and alert figures recorded here are the supplier's.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. An undated NEC Software Solutions case study (its web address indicates June 2026; a supplier document, so its figures are company claims) says Bedfordshire Police uses NEC's NeoFace Watch live facial recognition. It says that between September 2025 and May 2026 the force made 43 deployments scanning over 788,000 faces, that 135 alerts led to 127 disposals (57 arrests, 63 managed offender condition checks and 7 alternative disposals), and that no false alerts were reported. It says the force won Home Office funding for two LFR vans in 2025 and is supporting neighbouring East of England forces with the vans and operating staff, and that South Wales Police provided vans and officers for the force's use at the Bedford River Festival in 2024. The case study quotes the force's strategic lead, Superintendent Ian Taylor, and says the force has operational guidelines, a new AI Ethics Board that reviews use of the technology, and a public engagement programme. The vendor field is filled on the strength of this supplier document only; the force's own pages do not name the supplier.", "source": "Bedfordshire Police live facial recognition page and force news release", "source_url": "https://www.beds.police.uk/police-forces/bedfordshire-police/areas/about-us/about-us/live-facial-recognition-lfr-technology/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/fff18a54-10d8-4e94-b44c-3dd1e562d51f" }, { "id": "7880cb10-5072-43d2-9c4c-c1319cb5d1a7", "code": "PAI-7880CB10", "force": "Bedfordshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Bedfordshire", "technology": "Police Data Integration and Link Analysis Platforms", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "Project Nectar (Home Office-funded pilot)", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The ROCU network states that Project Nectar \"was initially launched within Bedfordshire Police\". Computer Weekly and the Good Law Project report about £3m spent from September 2023 on Nectar and Foundry for data sharing across Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Computer Weekly (undated online copy) reports that Bedfordshire Police is leading the Palantir Nectar pilot within the Eastern Regional Special Operations Unit, that Nectar is built on Palantir's Foundry framework and connects existing police data sources under a unified view, and that one application, 'Project Retrace', maps locations visited by an individual using forensically extracted phone data. It says the pilot is in preparation for a national roll-out, that internal memos record a 'medium risk' that the system may process personal data in ways that are not proportionate or necessary, and that Accenture is partly auditing the pilot. It also reports that Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire constabularies have access to the platform through Bedfordshire.", "source": "Regional Organised Crime Unit network, 11 July 2025; Computer Weekly and Good Law Project, 13 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.rocu.police.uk/news/2025/july/police-pilot-advanced-data-platform-to-tackle-serious-and-organised-crime/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/7880cb10-5072-43d2-9c4c-c1319cb5d1a7" }, { "id": "85648c45-5682-48cb-8597-df3569428bd3", "code": "PAI-85648C45", "force": "Bristol City Council", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Bristol", "technology": "Think Family Database and child exploitation risk models", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "Not specified", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2016", "legal_basis": "Not established in available sources", "oversight": "Reviewed by Social Finance, which could not retest the models", "notes": "A database launched in 2016 holding records on close to half a million Bristol residents, with child sexual exploitation and child criminal exploitation risk models flagging children at risk; the child criminal exploitation model was introduced in 2019.\n\nStopped around the time the Social Finance review was completed (the article gives no exact date; it says neither authority kept records of the decision to stop 'by June 2023') after council staff judged the models not fit for operational use, with recent victims of sexual offences scoring below burglary perpetrators. No records of the decision were retained. Reviewers from Social Finance could not retest the models because the source code and model variables could not be found. That combination, a discontinued predictive system with no decision record and no recoverable model, is itself the finding worth recording.\n\nRecorded for Bristol City Council, which ran the database. Avon and Somerset Police has its own record for its separate risk-scoring system.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Liberty Investigates (25 June 2026) reports that Social Finance, commissioned by Bristol City Council and Somerset Council, found the database useful and able to lead to timelier responses but called the risk-scoring models the 'weakest element', and linked their fall in quality to police having stopped using Bristol City Council data, which left the models relying on police data alone. The article says Bristol City Council still uses a model to identify children at risk of becoming NEET and that the council says it uses no other predictive analytics. Avon and Somerset Police's own data science page says its exploitation models were built for Bristol City Council and shared back. The status of discontinued refers to the child sexual and criminal exploitation risk models; the article does not say the Think Family Database itself has been closed.", "source": "Liberty Investigates", "source_url": "https://libertyinvestigates.org.uk/articles/predictive-policing-avon-somerset-bristol-police-ai-minority-report/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/85648c45-5682-48cb-8597-df3569428bd3" }, { "id": "769d5a66b490c6af", "code": "PAI-769D5A66", "force": "British Transport Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "London rail and Underground network", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace M40)", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Common law policing powers; DPA 2018 Part 3", "oversight": "Internal governance and external engagement with ethics and independent advisory groups (as stated by the force); force pilot evaluation, due to report after the pilot ends in November 2026", "notes": "A time-limited trial running from February 2026 to November 2026, first deployed at London Bridge and extended to the London Underground with a deployment at Victoria station on 11 August 2026.\n\nThe effectiveness evidence here is the most striking thing about this entry, and stands in sharp contrast to the Metropolitan Police's figures for the same technology family. Across 18 deployments between February and July 2026, British Transport Police logged more than 530,000 faces scanned, zero true matches, no arrests attributable to LFR, and one confirmed false alert at King's Cross on 24 February. The Met, by comparison, reported 173 arrests from roughly 470,000 faces at Croydon over a broadly comparable period.\n\nThat divergence is worth recording plainly rather than resolving: the same class of technology, deployed by two forces in the same country in the same year, has produced radically different yields. Watchlist composition and deployment siting are the obvious candidate explanations, but neither force has published enough for that to be more than inference.\n\nBritish Transport Police's own facial recognition page states that the force \"currently utilises NEC's NeoFace M40 algorithm facial recognition technology\", so the engine is now confirmed by a force document rather than by secondary reporting alone.\n\nUpdate, October 2026. The first phase ran from February to July 2026 across 18 deployments at London railway stations. It scanned more than 500,000 faces and produced one watchlist alert, which was a false match; no arrests resulted directly from an alert. Reported cost was more than £320,000 and nearly 100 hours of police time. British Transport Police extended the trial into London Underground stations from 11 August 2026 (Victoria first), rotating with Network Rail stations, until November 2026. The force says associated arrests made during deployments are excluded from its LFR figures because they did not come from an alert.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. British Transport Police's own page states that the pilot runs for six months from 11 February 2026 at selected key transport hubs in London. It says deployments will comply with the Data Protection Act 2018, the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Equality Act 2010, and that oversight comes from internal governance and external engagement with ethics and independent advisory groups. It says independent testing of the algorithm, commissioned by the Metropolitan Police and South Wales Police, was carried out with the National Physical Laboratory. The force states that it does not presently use operator-initiated facial recognition, and the retrospective facial recognition section of the page is marked \"documents to follow\". The version of the page read for this review listed a deployment on 11 June 2026 and had not been updated for the August extension, so the November end of the trial rests on the force's August announcement and trade reporting. As of 3 November 2026 no results for the Underground phase, and no decision on what follows the trial, had been published in the sources read.", "source": "British Transport Police facial recognition page; Biometric Update, September 2026, citing Liberty Investigates", "source_url": "https://www.btp.police.uk/police-forces/british-transport-police/areas/about-us/about-us/facial-recognition-technology/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/769d5a66b490c6af" }, { "id": "6edfd2eb-527b-4270-8d0e-78ac45479ddb", "code": "PAI-6EDFD2EB", "force": "Cambridgeshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cambridgeshire", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Statewatch reported in June 2026 that the force had used live facial recognition for the first time in the previous six months, borrowing Bedfordshire Police's vans for an operation in Peterborough town centre.", "source": "Statewatch, 12 June 2026", "source_url": "https://statewatch.org/news/2026/june/england-police-use-of-facial-recognition-technology-growing-rapidly/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/6edfd2eb-527b-4270-8d0e-78ac45479ddb" }, { "id": "0427eac5-6078-4699-baf5-9c4ca1166172", "code": "PAI-0427EAC5", "force": "Cambridgeshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cambridgeshire", "technology": "Police Data Integration and Link Analysis Platforms", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "About £12,000 for a two-month exploration of Palantir Foundry from March to May 2025, which the force said was \"exploratory in nature, time-limited, and did not represent a wider implementation\".\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Computer Weekly (undated online copy) reports that Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire constabularies 'have access to the platform' (Project Nectar) through Bedfordshire Police, and that Bedfordshire leads the Nectar pilot within the Eastern Regional Special Operations Unit. Computing, reporting on a Financial Times count, lists Cambridgeshire among 12 English forces involved in Palantir pilots. Neither article gives a date for Cambridgeshire's access, and the force's own description of its March to May 2025 Foundry work (above) does not mention Nectar. Whether Cambridgeshire's access to Nectar continues is not established, so the status is left unchanged.", "source": "Computer Weekly and Good Law Project, 13 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366648893/At-least-six-police-forces-have-racked-up-contracts-with-Palantir-worth-78m", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0427eac5-6078-4699-baf5-9c4ca1166172" }, { "id": "8e062c9b-be5d-43e9-9080-b4681ff021ca", "code": "PAI-8E062C9B", "force": "Cambridgeshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cambridgeshire", "technology": "Citizen Assist AI online crime reporting", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "NPCC Digital Public Contact programme", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "The release says the pilot was introduced with governance and oversight arrangements and that the Police and Crime Commissioner will ensure checks and balances are in place; no further detail is given.", "notes": "A National Police Chiefs' Council release of 25 September 2026 says Citizen Assist went live in Cambridgeshire on Thursday 24 September 2026 as a pilot. It lets people report non-emergency crime through a conversation with an AI tool instead of online forms or 101 calls: the tool asks follow-up questions, builds a structured report and submits it into existing police systems, and the user reviews the report before submitting it and receives a reference number. The pilot initially covers assaults, threats, damage and theft, and wider availability depends on its outcome. The release says the tool was developed by the NPCC's Digital Public Contact programme and names no supplier; it says the tool is meant to support, not replace, police decision-making and that existing reporting routes remain open. It names Cambridgeshire as the only force. Chief Constable Simon Megicks, Police and Crime Commissioner Darryl Preston and Alex Murray of PoliceAI are quoted.", "source": "National Police Chiefs' Council, 25 September 2026", "source_url": "https://news.npcc.police.uk/releases/policings-first-ai-online-crime-reporting-test-goes-live", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/8e062c9b-be5d-43e9-9080-b4681ff021ca" }, { "id": "22b461be-6030-4d55-ba05-dd7124ded6bd", "code": "PAI-22B461BE", "force": "Cheshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cheshire", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "July 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "First deployment on 11 July 2026 in Chester city centre under Operation Vigilant, the first of four planned, working with live facial recognition operators from Greater Manchester Police. The first Warrington deployment followed in October 2026 (regional reporting). The source does not say whether the equipment is the force's own.", "source": "ID Tech, 15 July 2026", "source_url": "https://idtechwire.com/cheshire-police-complete-first-live-facial-recognition-deployment/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/22b461be-6030-4d55-ba05-dd7124ded6bd" }, { "id": "c677ba0d-5a0b-4d50-bd3b-b9777b8233a3", "code": "PAI-C677BA0D", "force": "Cheshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cheshire", "technology": "Retrospective facial recognition (Police National Database search)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-fr-pnd", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Police National Database", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Two staff independently check and then discuss every match; a chief inspector acts as the force's facial recognition lead; match numbers are reviewed at monthly governance meetings and quarterly senior leadership team performance meetings. The practice page mentions no external oversight body.", "notes": "Cheshire Constabulary runs retrospective facial recognition for investigations, using an in-house application built in 2024 inside its Niche crime management system. Officers and staff submit images, including CCTV stills, from mobile devices; matches are exported from the force's 'caught on camera' system and images are stored on NICE Investigate. The College of Policing practice page says the force's forensics department first developed the capability using Police National Database facial recognition, that it was trialled on historical case images in 2022, and that three staff were trained on FBI facial comparison technology. For June to August 2024 the force reports 873 cases reviewed and 126 suspects identified, with the successful match rate rising from 5 per cent at implementation to 12 per cent. The page says Cheshire has supported Greater Manchester Police, West Mercia Police and Derbyshire Constabulary. It names no commercial vendor and states no legal basis. The page describes retrospective use only; it does not describe live or handheld facial recognition. The page's 'first published' and start-date fields are blank, so the year given here is that of the in-house build. The page also says the force provides about £60,000 a year.", "source": "College of Policing practice page, 'Retrospective facial recognition (RFR) to identify suspects of acquisitive crime' (undated)", "source_url": "https://production.copweb.aws.college.police.uk/support-forces/practices/retrospective-facial-recognition-rfr-identify-suspects-acquisitive-crime", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/c677ba0d-5a0b-4d50-bd3b-b9777b8233a3" }, { "id": "a3939c7e-fd0f-4123-a4b9-738abd07ab52", "code": "PAI-A3939C7E", "force": "Cheshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cheshire", "technology": "Microsoft Copilot (generative AI)", "technology_slug": "microsoft-copilot", "vendor": "Microsoft", "vendor_slug": "microsoft", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Minutes of the Cheshire Police and Crime Commissioner's Public Scrutiny Board of 29 June 2026 record the Chief Constable highlighting 'Cheshire's AI strategy' and 'the roll-out of Microsoft Copilot', and citing 'the successful adoption of Microsoft Copilot' as evidence that modernisation is delivering results. The minutes also mention Copilot workshops, masterclasses, online tutorials and bespoke learning packages developed with Microsoft. Separately, they record eight live automations (such as bail and safeguarding notifications) and more than 200,000 automated tasks completed since February 2026, and an Artificial Intelligence Enablement Programme that 'aims to reduce administrative burdens, improve efficiency' and release officer and staff time, with benefits monitored 'through business cases and performance reporting'. The minutes do not say how many staff have licences, which Copilot product is used, or which tasks it is used for. They also name TOEX (Tackling Organised Exploitation Programme) and 'Prometheus (digital forensics tool)' among technologies in use, without further description. The year in which Copilot was introduced is not stated.", "source": "Cheshire Police and Crime Commissioner, Public Scrutiny Board minutes, 29 June 2026", "source_url": "https://www.cheshire-pcc.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/20260629-Scrutiny-Board-Minutes.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a3939c7e-fd0f-4123-a4b9-738abd07ab52" }, { "id": "e9078044-0fcf-4c3a-9e6f-5da7214101ea", "code": "PAI-E9078044", "force": "Cheshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cheshire", "technology": "AI stalking-behaviour flagging tool", "technology_slug": "ai-call-content-analysis", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "developing", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Cheshire's Police and Crime Commissioner announced on 13 May 2025 that an AI capability is being developed in Cheshire to identify complex stalking behaviours at an early stage. It would review incident reports created by call handlers while speaking to victims and flag possible stalking cases, including those that do not use the word 'stalking', to the force's Harm Reduction Unit, which currently reviews incidents manually. It is described as trained on information from the Harm Reduction Unit and the Suzy Lamplugh Trust. The announcement says the Commissioner, Dan Price, made a 'successful £300,000 bid' to the Police STAR (Science, Technology, Analysis and Research) Fund; Police Professional (14 May 2025) reports the same. No supplier, pilot date or go-live date is given, and the sources do not describe governance or evaluation arrangements. The Commissioner says he hopes it will be adopted nationally if it proves to work in Cheshire. No later source has been found saying whether the tool has been piloted or brought into use.", "source": "Cheshire Police and Crime Commissioner, 13 May 2025", "source_url": "https://www.cheshire-pcc.gov.uk/news/commissioning/cheshire-leads-the-way-with-technology-to-help-identify-stalking-behaviours-sooner", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e9078044-0fcf-4c3a-9e6f-5da7214101ea" }, { "id": "25550ed4-7b97-4207-952f-9db82fdb7272", "code": "PAI-25550ED4", "force": "City of London Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England and Wales (national fraud reporting)", "technology": "FCCRAS fraud and cybercrime reporting platform", "technology_slug": "national-police-ai-programmes", "vendor": "Capita and PwC", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "Not established in available sources", "oversight": "Not established in available sources", "notes": "The replacement for Action Fraud and the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau, delivered as a transformation programme of around 150 million pounds and released in stages, with an interim release in November 2024 and a second in March 2025, with staff using the new platform.\n\nCity of London Police originally stated that the replacement service would incorporate AI and machine learning to improve proactive fraud and cybercrime prevention and intelligence analysis.\n\nRecorded deliberately as a platform incorporating AI capabilities rather than as an AI system. It is primarily a national fraud and cyber reporting and intelligence platform, and precisely which AI models are currently operational within it is not established.\n\nUpdate, verified August 2026: the service has since launched publicly under the brand name Report Fraud, going live on 4 December 2025 and fully replacing Action Fraud, with a public awareness campaign from January 2026. Behind it, the Report Fraud National Crime Analysis Service (N-CAS) replaces Action Fraud's back-end analysis system serving the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau. Suppliers are Capita (contact centre and public-facing reporting technology) and PwC UK (crime and intelligence management technology underpinning the NFIB), appointed June 2023. Note a discrepancy in published cost figures worth recording: the force's own statements cite a £150m investment, while an earlier City of London Police budget reported by Recorded Future News put the estimated total cost of FCCRAS at just over £31m. The two figures may cover different scopes; neither has been reconciled publicly.", "source": "City of London Police, own statements and annual report", "source_url": "https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2025/may/city-of-london-police-response-to-police-foundation-report-on-fraud/", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/25550ed4-7b97-4207-952f-9db82fdb7272" }, { "id": "39275d24-ba28-4cca-8f23-f39507830576", "code": "PAI-39275D24", "force": "Cumbria Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cumbria", "technology": "AI 101 call routing", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Home Office and NPCC, with Vodafone Business", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "AI 101 call routing (Home Office and NPCC)", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Cumbria Constabulary says it is using a new national 'AI-powered' call routing system for its non-emergency 101 line, 'introduced today (18 August)'; the page gives no year, and the Home Office announcement of the national system is dated 18 August 2026. The system identifies calls meant for other organisations, such as councils or the NHS, and redirects them before callers join a police queue; callers can confirm or reject how the system has understood their reason for calling, and uncertain calls go straight to police. Superintendent Graham Hawley is quoted: 'If there is any uncertainty about the nature of a call, it will be directed straight through to the police.' The force refers to pilots across 15 forces and says the pilot was successful. The Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner, David Allen, says that Cumbria received 118,870 calls to 101 between 1 April 2025 and 31 March 2026, about 325 a day. The page describes the system as developed through the Home Office, the National Police Chiefs' Council and Vodafone, with 1.4 million pounds of government investment.", "source": "Cumbria Constabulary news release, 18 August 2026", "source_url": "https://traffic.cumbria.police.uk/news/new-ai-system-to-help-reduce-101-waiting-times-and-improve-service-for-the-public", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/39275d24-ba28-4cca-8f23-f39507830576" }, { "id": "ea3ec115-a4dc-4002-8d76-001dc23a1d39", "code": "PAI-EA3EC115", "force": "Cumbria Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Cumbria", "technology": "Retrospective facial recognition (Police National Database search)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-fr-pnd", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Police National Database", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "In a Freedom of Information response dated 2 May 2025 (reference 423/25), Cumbria Constabulary answers 'Yes – PND' when asked whether it uses retrospective facial recognition, meaning searches of the Police National Database. The same response says the force has not deployed live facial recognition, answers 'No' on operator-initiated facial recognition, and says facial recognition has not been used with body-worn video. It adds that discussion on future use 'remains ongoing but this will be based on national direction and supporting legislation and guidance', and that no governing policy or data protection impact assessment document currently exists. The response gives no search volumes or start date.", "source": "Cumbria Constabulary FOI response 423/25, 2 May 2025", "source_url": "https://www.cumbria.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/cumbria/foi/2025/may/foi-423_25-facial-recognition.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ea3ec115-a4dc-4002-8d76-001dc23a1d39" }, { "id": "e5c7dc98-59bc-4436-a1ea-765654a8b417", "code": "PAI-E5C7DC98", "force": "Derbyshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Derbyshire", "technology": "Microsoft Copilot (generative AI)", "technology_slug": "microsoft-copilot", "vendor": "Microsoft", "vendor_slug": "microsoft", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Force guidance and conditions on use; the Independent Office for Police Conduct is investigating one officer's use of the tool (no finding made).", "notes": "LBC (22 October 2026) reports that Derbyshire Constabulary authorised officers to use Microsoft Copilot in May 2025, with guidance covering productivity uses such as drafting reports and summarising information, and a ban on inputting operational, sensitive or personal data. The report says the force made a voluntary referral of a senior detective to the Independent Office for Police Conduct on 23 June 2026, after an internal review, because it was concerned that the officer's AI use 'may not have been in line with guidance and conditions issued by the force', and that the IOPC, which began its own investigation in August, is examining alleged gross misconduct covering Copilot use from May 2025 to June 2026, including allegedly using it to 'create policy decisions, assess and manage risk, justify decision-making' and input sensitive case data. Emily Barry of the IOPC is quoted calling these 'serious allegations'. No finding has been made. Police Professional (15 June 2026) separately reported that Derbyshire had launched a criminal investigation into an allegation of perverting the course of justice involving an officer's alleged use of AI to create evidential material, without naming the tool; the sources do not say whether the two cases concern the same officer. The sources do not say how many staff have Copilot or whether the tool remains available.", "source": "LBC, 22 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.lbc.co.uk/article/police-watchdog-investigating-detective-over-inappropriate-use-of-ai-5HjdkGd_2/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e5c7dc98-59bc-4436-a1ea-765654a8b417" }, { "id": "32a00a87-729a-41cc-b606-234c9325e8c0", "code": "PAI-32A00A87", "force": "Devon and Cornwall Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Devon and Cornwall", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "First deployment from 6 to 8 August 2026 in Newquay, using the force's LFR van. The force says all future deployments will be published on its website at least seven days in advance.", "source": "Devon and Cornwall Police news", "source_url": "https://news.devon-cornwall.police.uk/news-article/4c8cf7c3-aa90-f111-9d9b-6045bdd24049", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/32a00a87-729a-41cc-b606-234c9325e8c0" }, { "id": "e51dfb68-2f81-4655-b07f-2117dc00abc8", "code": "PAI-E51DFB68", "force": "Devon and Cornwall Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Devon and Cornwall", "technology": "Secure Redact AI-assisted redaction", "technology_slug": "ai-assisted-redaction", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Governance meetings in July and September 2026 are to review the pilot evidence.", "notes": "A Devon and Cornwall Police Freedom of Information response (reference 01/FOI/26/010197/V, version dated 31 July 2026) says the force is piloting 'Secure Redact', described as an 'AI-assisted redaction platform' that automatically redacts or anonymises pre-selected personal identifiable information, alongside Dorset Police. About 100 officers and staff are involved. The response says no decision has been made on wider use and that governance meetings in July and September 2026 will review the pilot evidence. It does not name the supplier or give contract details; an Avon and Somerset response names a product called Pimloc SecureRedact, but the Devon and Cornwall response does not say whether it is the same product.", "source": "Devon and Cornwall Police FOI response 01/FOI/26/010197/V, 31 July 2026", "source_url": "https://www.devon-cornwall.police.uk/foi-ai/devon--cornwall-police/disclosure-logs/2026-disclosures/digital-redaction/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e51dfb68-2f81-4655-b07f-2117dc00abc8" }, { "id": "51a7e53e-92b0-453d-bb75-b448efad7d31", "code": "PAI-51A7E53E", "force": "Dorset Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Dorset", "technology": "Secure Redact AI-assisted redaction", "technology_slug": "ai-assisted-redaction", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Devon and Cornwall Police's Freedom of Information response (reference 01/FOI/26/010197/V, version dated 31 July 2026) says Devon and Cornwall is piloting 'Secure Redact', an 'AI-assisted redaction platform' that redacts or anonymises pre-selected personal identifiable information, alongside Dorset Police; about 100 officers and staff are involved in the pilot, and wider use has not been decided. The response says the information was provided by the 'Alliance Business Change Department' and states that both Devon & Cornwall Police and Dorset Police are currently running a pilot of a product called Secure Redact. The statement is published by Devon and Cornwall; no Dorset Police publication on the pilot was found. The response does not name the supplier.", "source": "Devon and Cornwall Police FOI response 01/FOI/26/010197/V, 31 July 2026", "source_url": "https://www.devon-cornwall.police.uk/foi-ai/devon--cornwall-police/disclosure-logs/2026-disclosures/digital-redaction/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/51a7e53e-92b0-453d-bb75-b448efad7d31" }, { "id": "4cb997ca2d0e7fd2", "code": "PAI-4CB997CA", "force": "Durham Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England", "technology": "HART (Harm Assessment Risk Tool)", "technology_slug": "hart", "vendor": "In-house, with Cambridge University", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2016", "legal_basis": "Custody decision support", "oversight": "Academic review; extensive published critique", "notes": "An early and unusually well-documented custody risk-scoring tool, developed by Durham Constabulary with the University of Cambridge, using random forest models trained on historical criminal justice data to sort individuals into risk categories.\n\nOperational from 2016 until 2021, when Durham Constabulary discontinued it. The stated reason was the resources required to continually refine and refresh the model to satisfy ethical, legal and governance requirements. A Freedom of Information response obtained by Fair Trials showed the tool assessed 12,200 people a total of 22,265 times across that period.\n\nIts use of a commercial postcode-based variable attracted particular criticism. The variable was Experian's Mosaic socio-geodemographic segmentation product, a commercial consumer classification dataset rather than a policing one.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Fair Trials account of its Freedom of Information request (read in full for this review) gives the same figures, 22,265 assessments of about 12,200 people between 2016 and 2021, and quotes Durham Constabulary as saying it stopped using HART \"due to the resources required to constantly refine and refresh the model\". It reports 12,262 assessments as moderate risk, 7,111 as low and 3,292 as high (which sum to 22,665, not 22,265, so the page is internally inconsistent), and that people rated medium were eligible for the Checkpoint rehabilitation scheme while those rated high were not. The page read carried no publication date. Big Brother Watch (6 April 2018) quotes the force's head of criminal justice saying that one of the variables in the initial model was the Experian Mosaic code, and that the force paid Experian a total of £45,913, including £25,913 for Mosaic. The record's earlier source, the Durham University home page, supports none of this. The original FOI response was not read.", "source": "Fair Trials, FOI findings on Durham Constabulary's HART tool (undated page); Big Brother Watch, 6 April 2018", "source_url": "https://www.fairtrials.org/articles/news/foi-reveals-over-12000-people-profiled-by-flawed-durham-police-", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/4cb997ca2d0e7fd2" }, { "id": "94dd3f08-6a7c-4aa3-b3b1-b16bfbc84267", "code": "PAI-94DD3F08", "force": "East Midlands Special Operations Unit (EMSOU)", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "East Midlands", "technology": "Police Data Integration and Link Analysis Platforms", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "Project Nectar (Home Office-funded pilot)", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Assistant Chief Constable Diane Coulson: \"robust oversight through checks, balances, and independent review\" and \"a real person always in the decision-making loop\" (ROCU network, 11 July 2025).", "notes": "EMSOU \"has contracted Palantir Technologies to test the need for a capability, such as that provided by its advanced data platform, Palantir Foundry\". The Home Office-funded pilot gives a single view of data from multiple sources and uses AI for data summarisation and language translation. Results are to \"shape the future national approach\". Foundry, not Gotham.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. BBC News (12 October 2026) reports that EMSOU has decided not to continue using Palantir's software after a two-year trial, which EMSOU said it started in October 2024, and will not fund a new contract. EMSOU told the BBC that Palantir will now have to show it has cut links with the force's systems and deleted all of its data. Regional Assistant Chief Constable Ian Green said the trial was conducted with \"checks, balances and independent review\", and the BBC reports that the contract was not renewed after the unit's Home Office funding ended; Mr Green is quoted: \"Following the scoping work and assessment of what it would deliver, including our future funding streams, we have taken the decision not to take the project further.\" EMSOU confirmed that the trial fed Leicestershire Police data into Foundry, but declined to say how it used the software or which datasets were involved, citing operational security, and would not reveal the cost, citing commercial confidentiality. Leicester News (undated online copy) earlier reported a contract under EMSOU worth £818,750 for a \"police intelligence and investigation platform\". The start date is corrected from 2025 to October 2024 on the strength of EMSOU's statement to the BBC.", "source": "BBC News, 12 October 2026 (syndicated copy, Yahoo News)", "source_url": "https://au.news.yahoo.com/police-unit-pulls-plug-palantir-081128800.html", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/94dd3f08-6a7c-4aa3-b3b1-b16bfbc84267" }, { "id": "40582aac-fb02-4f96-b06b-c83b91cf5b24", "code": "PAI-40582AAC", "force": "Essex Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Force area", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Corsight AI (Apollo 4), with Digital Barriers", "vendor_slug": "corsight", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "The force page cites the Data Protection Act 2018, MoPI, the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 and the Public Sector Equality Duty, and links summaries of R (Bridges) v South Wales Police and R (Thompson and Carlo) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis. No statutory power for the deployment itself is named on the page as read.", "oversight": "Information Commissioner's Office audit (announced 17 March 2026; rating not read in this review); senior officer approval for each deployment and watchlist; independent evaluations by the University of Cambridge and the National Physical Laboratory; Police Chief Scientific Adviser consulted on the threshold; Essex Data Ethics Committee, described by the force as an independent advisory body (minutes of 20 November 2025 listed on the force page)", "notes": "Essex Police has used live facial recognition since summer 2024, supplied by Corsight AI (Apollo 4) with Digital Barriers. The force paused deployments after receiving the University of Cambridge report, while awaiting a second independent evaluation from the National Physical Laboratory. Both evaluations were commissioned by the force under its Public Sector Equality Duty and returned conflicting findings when published in March 2026. The pause began before March 2026: see the correction below.\nThe University of Cambridge study, published 12 March 2026, ran a controlled field experiment with 188 volunteers during a live deployment in Chelmsford. At the operational threshold in use, the system correctly identified roughly half of watchlist subjects who passed the cameras. It found the system more likely to correctly identify men than women, and statistically significantly more likely to correctly identify Black participants than participants of other ethnicities. The direction of that finding is worth stating precisely, because it is the opposite of the usual concern: the disparity was in the CORRECT identification rate, not the false positive rate. Of six false positives observed, four involved Black individuals, but the researchers described this as suggestive rather than conclusive given the small number of events.\nSeparate National Physical Laboratory testing of Corsight Apollo 4, also published March 2026, found a true positive rate of 89% and a false positive rate of 0.017% against an 18,000-image watchlist, and reported no statistically significant demographic bias. The two studies do not agree, and this entry records that rather than picking one.\nA force impact assessment covering more than 40 deployments between August 2024 and February 2025 reported approximately 1.3 million faces scanned, 123 interventions, 48 arrests and one confirmed mistaken intervention.\nEssex Police said it decided to pause deployments while working with the algorithm provider to review results and update the software. The pause was disclosed through the ICO’s audit of the force.\nDeployments have since resumed. The force’s own live facial recognition page, read on 3 September 2026, states that Essex Police “have been deploying Live Facial Recognition (LFR) technology since summer 2024”, carries no reference to a pause, and publishes deployment results running to 16 August 2026 — most recently at Tendring, where 6,061 faces were scanned, producing one positive alert, one intervention and no incorrect alerts.\nThe date deployments restarted is not established. The force page presents an unbroken account of use since 2024 rather than recording the suspension and its end, so the resumption can be dated only to somewhere between March and August 2026. Secondary reporting gives figures for the period after resumption but was not checked against a force publication and is not relied on here.\nThe pause and the conflicting evaluations above are retained deliberately. They are the most consequential facts on this record and remain true as history.\n\nUpdate, October 2026. Essex Police announced in March 2026 that it would resume deployments after a study identified accuracy and bias risks, revised its policies and applied a software update (BBC, reported 20 March 2026). Deployments continued through October 2026, including Basildon on 24 October and Clacton on 26 October, and the force lends its vehicles and equipment to Kent Police under joint working arrangements.\n\nCorrection and update, November 2026. The record previously dated the pause to March 2026; the sources read do not support that. The ICO's blog of 17 March 2026 states that before its audit Essex Police had paused live facial recognition after identifying potential accuracy and bias risks, so the pause began before the audit and became public in March 2026. Biometric Update (28 July 2026) says deployments were \"paused for an ICO audit last August\", that is August 2025, and that redeployment began in April 2026; its post-resumption figures come from a Corsight announcement. No force publication read dates the pause. Essex's undated page on algorithm performance and threshold setting says the force paused after receiving the Cambridge report while awaiting the National Physical Laboratory study, which arrived about three months later; that the Police Chief Scientific Adviser advised that the results did not support a threshold above 55; and that it has made over 120 arrests since August 2024. The force's live facial recognition page names no statutory power for the deployments (see legal basis), and its totals do not reconcile (the text gives four false positive alerts across 76 deployments, the results table shows none), so no force figures are repeated here. The ICO's Essex executive summary and its outcomes report of 18 August 2026 could not be read in this review, so no ICO rating is recorded.", "source": "Essex Police live facial recognition page; BBC News; Computer Weekly; Cambridge evaluation; NPL; ICO audit", "source_url": "https://www.essex.police.uk/police-forces/essex-police/areas/essex-police/au/about-us/live-facial-recognition/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/40582aac-fb02-4f96-b06b-c83b91cf5b24" }, { "id": "6631e83c-73ed-415e-9691-3febf1e70f63", "code": "PAI-6631E83C", "force": "Essex Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Essex", "technology": "Retrospective facial recognition (Police National Database search)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-fr-pnd", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Police National Database", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Essex Police's published Freedom of Information response on Police National Database facial recognition searches in 2024 says the PND 'utilises retrospective facial recognition technology' and gives monthly figures for the force's searches between May and December 2024, correct as at 30 January 2025 (May 282, June 139, July 233, August 257, September 248, October 311, November 263, December 445), which total 2,178. It says accurate monthly data for January to April 2024 is not available because process changes caused inconsistencies, so no full-year total exists. The response states that 'All searches are for Criminal suspects through this recorded medium.' An earlier Essex response dated 3 February 2022 said the force had access to the PND, 'which contains Facial Recognition technology', and that only images held within the PND are subject to it. The force's live facial recognition use is recorded separately.", "source": "Essex Police FOI disclosure, PND facial recognition searches in 2024 (figures as at 30 January 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.essex.police.uk/foi-ai/essex-police/other-information/previous-foi-requests/2025/police-national-database-facial-recognition-searches-in-2024/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/6631e83c-73ed-415e-9691-3febf1e70f63" }, { "id": "ddaf5c08-40b6-4545-85a1-e5db79470f3b", "code": "PAI-DDAF5C08", "force": "Essex Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Essex", "technology": "Knife Crime and Violence Model (Fearless Futures)", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Law enforcement purposes under the Data Protection Act 2018 for Essex Police and the Probation Service; for partners, UK GDPR Article 6(1)(e) with the Schedule 1 paragraph 10 condition for criminal offence data (as stated in the force privacy notice).", "oversight": "Processing by the force's Performance Analysis Unit under a data scientist's supervision; Essex Police and the Probation Service are joint controllers under an information sharing agreement; the privacy notice says no decisions are based on automation alone.", "notes": "Essex Police's privacy notice for the Knife Crime and Violence Model, known through its support programme as Fearless Futures, (version 1.4, dated June 2021) describes a project to assess people at heightened risk of becoming involved in serious knife-enabled violence. It uses police-recorded data from the force's Athena system, processes all Athena data subjects with a home address in Essex, and gives each person a risk score; those at 30 per cent and above are prioritised for allocation to a partner such as the Probation Service under the Violence and Vulnerability Unit. The privacy notice does not list the data items used and appears to give two thresholds (below and at or above 0.3) without explaining how they relate. A College of Policing case study (details accurate as of March 2023) says the model estimates how likely each person known to police is to commit a new knife or violent offence within 12 months, using factors such as age, gender, number of criminal associates and prior suspect or victim status in violence-with-injury cases, was built by Essex Police data scientists with the University of Essex, was tested for 18 months with 'accurate predictions of risk' but no published metrics, and recommends a longer trial in more locations. A force FOI response of 24 February 2022 said the force runs a risk model, Fearless Futures, 'which uses an algorithmic approach to determine risk' and is 'not predictive', and that it has 'no programmes that attempt to predict if individuals are likely to commit crime'; that description sits uneasily with the College of Policing's account of a model estimating the likelihood of new offences, and both are recorded here. Whether the model is in routine use now has not been found, so the status is recorded as a trial.", "source": "Essex Police privacy notice, Knife Crime and Violence Model (Fearless Futures), version 1.4 (June 2021)", "source_url": "https://www.essex.police.uk/police-forces/essex-police/areas/essex-police/au/about-us/privacy-notices/knife-crime-and-violence-model--fearless-futures/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ddaf5c08-40b6-4545-85a1-e5db79470f3b" }, { "id": "15333611-5cf2-4e18-aa70-a4b3eafed965", "code": "PAI-15333611", "force": "Gloucestershire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Gloucestershire", "technology": "AI summaries of police interview records", "technology_slug": "ai-report-writing", "vendor": "Defence Holdings (Defence Technologies)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "company", "evidence_is_claim": true, "since": "December 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Defence Holdings announced on 30 December 2025 a \"Proof-of-Value\" programme with Gloucestershire Police to automate Record of Video Interview and Record of Taped Interview reporting, turning interview recordings governed by PACE into structured summaries and reports, with delivery \"commencing immediately\". A second phase to assess evidential-grade accuracy and wider rollout was expected in spring 2026, subject to evaluation and approvals. Chief Constable Maggie Blyth is quoted welcoming the collaboration, conditional on whether \"reliable automation can maintain the accuracy and structure required under PACE\". This is the company's announcement; no force publication or evaluation was found.", "source": "Defence Holdings press release, 30 December 2025", "source_url": "https://news.cision.com/defence-holdings-plc/r/defence-holdings-announce-new-national-security-pillar---strategic-collaboration-with-gloucestershir,c4287199", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/15333611-5cf2-4e18-aa70-a4b3eafed965" }, { "id": "63a05f78-b576-4cf5-8145-e87ff00bc3f3", "code": "PAI-63A05F78", "force": "Greater Manchester Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Force area", "technology": "Live and Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Not specified in source; subject to an ICO compliance audit", "oversight": "Information Commissioner's Office (consensual audit, executive summary published 18 August 2026); reasonable assurance for live use, LIMITED assurance for retrospective use", "notes": "Greater Manchester Police uses both live facial recognition and retrospective facial recognition. The Information Commissioner's Office audited the force between June 2025 and March 2026 as one of five in a consensual audit programme, publishing its executive summary on 18 August 2026.\n\nThe two ratings differ, and the gap is the substantive finding. GMP received reasonable assurance of compliance for live facial recognition, but only LIMITED assurance for retrospective facial recognition. The ICO attributed that lower rating to the absence of a policy governing the force's use of the Police National Database, and to a lack of defined roles for using the technology.\n\nThat is the clearest single illustration of the audit programme's broader finding that compliance is weaker for retrospective searching than for live deployment, despite live deployment attracting far more public and legal scrutiny.\n\nOn accuracy, the force states that in more than one million scans a single individual has been misidentified, a Caucasian woman at the Manchester Marathon. That figure is the force's own. GMP says officers are present at deployments to explain the technology to the public, that alerts are reviewed by trained officers before any action is taken, and that data from non-matches is deleted within seconds.\n\nAcross all five audited forces the ICO made 107 recommendations, all accepted or partially accepted, and each force has submitted an action plan.", "source": "ICO audit executive summary; Computer Weekly; Biometric Update", "source_url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/08/facial-recognition-in-policing/", "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/63a05f78-b576-4cf5-8145-e87ff00bc3f3" }, { "id": "999d6bd6-29f8-4a9f-b0e5-a702eaf2bb9a", "code": "PAI-999D6BD6", "force": "Greater Manchester Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Microsoft 365 Copilot (generative AI)", "technology_slug": "microsoft-copilot", "vendor": "Microsoft", "vendor_slug": "microsoft", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Internal force policy; no dedicated statutory framework for generative AI use", "oversight": "Individual force AI-use policy; no independent national oversight body confirmed", "notes": "Named by a Sky News survey in February 2026 as one of the forces still allowing Microsoft 365 Copilot. Greater Manchester Police defended its use when surveyed. The survey found at least 21 English forces using it; North Wales Police and Dyfed-Powys Police had blocked it, and police in Scotland and Northern Ireland did not allow it. Eight forces confirmed it cannot be used in investigations without being named.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. A Greater Manchester Police Freedom of Information response dated 18 May 2026 (reference 01/FOI/26/016771/B), read directly, lists Copilot under deployed tools: \"CoPilot Chat is also available across the Force\". It gives no licence numbers or start date. The force says it holds no data protection impact assessment for any generative AI tool, has carried out no standalone audit of generative AI use (assurance is incorporated into wider information governance and digital risk reviews), holds no records of AI output errors and has no AI-specific training. The wording is Copilot Chat, which may be a narrower product than Microsoft 365 Copilot; the record's technology label is kept.", "source": "Greater Manchester Police Freedom of Information response 01/FOI/26/016771/B, 18 May 2026; Sky News investigation, February 2026, via Resultsense", "source_url": "https://www.gmp.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/greater-manchester/disclosure-2026/may/foi-26.016771b-ai-policies.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/999d6bd6-29f8-4a9f-b0e5-a702eaf2bb9a" }, { "id": "6fa5ab52-82ff-48c5-a5e7-57ade966ec72", "code": "PAI-6FA5AB52", "force": "Gwent Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Force area", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2021", "legal_basis": "Common law policing powers, with a separate Legal Mandate document that covers the Human Rights Act 1998, Equality Act 2010, Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, Data Protection Act 2018 and Freedom of Information Act 2000 (as stated in the forces' policy document)", "oversight": "Information Commissioner's Office audit (executive summary August 2025): high assurance for retrospective facial recognition. Internal FRT Programme Board answering to the South Wales Police and Gwent Police Gold Board; Police and Crime Commissioners' offices; NPCC Facial Recognition Technology Board (as stated in the forces' policy document)", "notes": "Confirmed use of facial recognition technology via ICO proactive audit (executive summary published 2025-2026), one of five forces audited alongside Essex Police, Leicestershire Police, West Yorkshire Police and Greater Manchester Police. The ICO's blog covers both live and retrospective facial recognition without breaking down which variant each force uses; the individual executive summary for the joint South Wales Police and Gwent Police audit settles it for Gwent, as described in the update below. 107 recommendations were made across the five forces; all accepted or partially accepted. Four areas flagged as needing urgent attention: senior oversight/accountability/training; record-keeping on what data is used and shared; ensuring retrospective FR images come from appropriate sources and aren't over-retained; and checking systems for accuracy/bias. A final audit of the Metropolitan Police is scheduled for later in 2026.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The ICO's executive summary of its audit of South Wales Police and Gwent Police (version 1.0, August 2025) rated live facial recognition 'high' assurance but states that the live rating applies to South Wales Police only. It also rated retrospective facial recognition 'high' assurance and observed, without formally rating it, an operator-initiated facial recognition pilot. Gwent Police therefore has no live facial recognition in that audit and is not among the 13 forces the Home Office factsheet of December 2025 lists as having used or currently using live facial recognition. This record is corrected to retrospective facial recognition. Gwent's operator-initiated use has its own record. The joint South Wales Police and Gwent Police policy for retrospective facial recognition (version 0.4, April 2025, review date 29 June 2026) states that the technology 'has been used by SWP since 2017 and in GWP since 2021', that the legal basis is common law policing powers with a separate Legal Mandate, and that internal oversight sits with an FRT Programme Board answering to the joint Gold Board, with the Police and Crime Commissioners' offices and national bodies (including the NPCC Facial Recognition Technology Board) also named. The policy names no supplier and does not mention the Police National Database; NEC's NeoFace M40 appears in it only as the algorithm used in a National Physical Laboratory study. The ICO's announcement of 20 August 2025 says more loosely that the two forces use facial recognition \"in several ways, including live facial recognition\"; the executive summary's statement that the live rating applies to South Wales Police only is the more specific source and is preferred here, and no report of a Gwent live deployment was found. The ICO outcomes report of 18 August 2026 could not be read in this review.", "source": "Gwent and South Wales Police RFR policy (v0.4, April 2025); ICO audit summary for South Wales and Gwent Police, August 2025", "source_url": "https://www.gwent.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/gwent/about-us/facial-recognition/rfr/policy-document-for-the-use-of-rfr-rfr---eng.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/6fa5ab52-82ff-48c5-a5e7-57ade966ec72" }, { "id": "bd4c6e9c-fdce-40af-9847-b8c9adbe43c3", "code": "PAI-BD4C6E9C", "force": "Gwent Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Gwent", "technology": "Operator-Initiated Facial Recognition (handheld)", "technology_slug": "oifr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Common law policing powers, with a separate OIFR Legal Mandate document that refers to the Human Rights Act 1998, Equality Act 2010, Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, Data Protection Act 2018 and Freedom of Information Act 2000 (as stated in the forces' policy document)", "oversight": "South Wales Police FRT and Biometrics Programme Board, answering to the South Wales Police Gold Board; the South Wales and Gwent Police and Crime Commissioners' offices; the South Wales Police Ethics Committee as an independent source of advice; NPCC Facial Recognition Technology Board and Joint National Biometric Strategic Board (all as stated in the forces' policy document); ICO observed the pilot in its August 2025 audit and gave feedback rather than formal recommendations", "notes": "The Home Office factsheet states: \"South Wales Police and Gwent Police are using the technology.\" It gives no start date.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The joint South Wales Police and Gwent Police policy document for the overt use of operator-initiated facial recognition (version 1.1, dated 14 December 2024, review date 14 December 2025) describes an app on a police-issued mobile phone that compares a photograph taken by the officer with an image reference database, and says the forces intend to run a force-wide pilot that \"will last 12 months\". It says the image reference database holds custody images and the forces' images of missing persons. Police Professional (13 December 2024) reported that an earlier pilot with 70 South Wales officers ran from December 2021 to March 2022. It does not name a supplier or give start and end dates. The Information Commissioner's Office executive summary (August 2025) records that it observed the operator-initiated pilot but did not rate it formally, and gave feedback to the forces. Police Professional reported on 15 July 2025 that more than 500 officers had been trained and gave early results of 50 searches and ten arrests in South Wales and six completed uses in Gwent, which are the forces' own figures. The Home Office factsheet of December 2025 says both forces 'are using the technology'. No source read says whether the pilot ended or was made permanent, so the status of 'operational' rests on the factsheet wording and may in fact be a continuing pilot; it is left unchanged pending a source that settles it.", "source": "South Wales and Gwent Police OIFR policy (v1.1, December 2024); ICO audit summary, August 2025; Home Office factsheet, December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.gwent.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/gwent/about-us/facial-recognition/oifr/policy-document-for-the-overt-use-of-operator-initiated-facial-recognition-oifr---eng.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/bd4c6e9c-fdce-40af-9847-b8c9adbe43c3" }, { "id": "b0ba3071-5e3d-4eaf-8ba9-6aae4a73b51f", "code": "PAI-B0BA3071", "force": "Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Hampshire and Isle of Wight", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Listed by the Home Office among 13 forces that had used or were using live facial recognition as of November 2025. The factsheet gives no detail of this force's deployments.", "source": "Home Office, Police use of facial recognition: factsheet (forces listed as of November 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/police-use-of-facial-recognition/police-use-of-facial-recognition-factsheet", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b0ba3071-5e3d-4eaf-8ba9-6aae4a73b51f" }, { "id": "44a638eb-37f8-44c9-a917-9b548ec54e85", "code": "PAI-44A638EB", "force": "Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Hampshire and Isle of Wight", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Salesforce (Agentforce 360 platform), according to Salesforce", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Uses \"Bobbi\", an AI assistant for non-emergency enquiries that passes callers to staff on request or when it cannot help. (An earlier version of this entry said it can handle up to 5,000 contacts a day; the supplier says that figure is overall contact volume, see below.) eWeek reported in November 2025 that it had been deployed with early positive results. The supplier is not named in that source.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Salesforce's press release of 4 December 2025 (a company claim) says Bobbi is an AI agent built on its Agentforce 360 platform for Thames Valley Police, Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary and Humberside Police, announced 4 December 2025, with more than 600 citizens using it in its first week and 82 per cent of queries resolved without escalation to an officer (its summary also says up to 90 per cent). It states that the 5,000-contacts-a-day figure refers to the forces' overall contact volume, not to Bobbi, so the earlier statement in this record that Bobbi can handle up to 5,000 contacts a day is not supported and is withdrawn. All figures are company and force claims. Humberside Police is named but has no record here. The eWeek article was not re-read.", "source": "eWeek, 27 November 2025", "source_url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/uk-police-trial-ai-chatbots/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/44a638eb-37f8-44c9-a917-9b548ec54e85" }, { "id": "f500cd50-bb54-431e-8512-fcb14543f123", "code": "PAI-F500CD50", "force": "Hertfordshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Hertfordshire", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "February 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The Police and Crime Commissioner reported a deployment on Watford High Street on 27 February 2026 using cameras on two police vans: 56,232 faces scanned, one alert, no false alerts and four arrests. The commissioner describes the technology as being rolled out \"as business as usual\". In October 2026 the force introduced two dedicated vehicles to widen its use (regional reporting).", "source": "Hertfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner, 4 March 2026", "source_url": "https://www.herts-pcc.gov.uk/news/latest-news/2026/lfr-watford-results-in-4-arrests/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f500cd50-bb54-431e-8512-fcb14543f123" }, { "id": "2fbff43a-f1cb-4633-b19e-fa6c9b85d64b", "code": "PAI-2FBFF43A", "force": "Hertfordshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Hertfordshire", "technology": "Project Nectar (Palantir Foundry data platform)", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "Project Nectar (Home Office-funded pilot)", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Computer Weekly reports that Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire constabularies 'have access to the platform' through Bedfordshire Police, which leads the Project Nectar pilot within the Eastern Regional Special Operations Unit. Nectar is described as built on Palantir's Foundry framework and connecting existing police data sources under a unified view; A Palantir spokesperson is quoted: 'How that software is used to process data is entirely under the control of the customer.' Computing, reporting on a Financial Times count, also lists Hertfordshire among 12 English forces involved in Palantir pilots, without force-level detail. The Hertfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner's office answered two 2025 requests about Palantir and Nectar (FOI 0017/25 and 0023/25) by saying it does not hold the information; the second response suggests asking the Constabulary. No Hertfordshire statement on its own use, start date or contract was found, and the Computer Weekly article carries no publication date.", "source": "Computer Weekly (undated online copy)", "source_url": "https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366645965/Inside-police-plans-to-share-intelligence-and-crime-data-across-the-UK", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/2fbff43a-f1cb-4633-b19e-fa6c9b85d64b" }, { "id": "fc726910-7daf-4fce-9d19-9b6ac7ea12ae", "code": "PAI-FC726910", "force": "Hertfordshire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Hertfordshire", "technology": "ADA (Anathem Digital Assistant) AI witness statement drafting", "technology_slug": "ai-report-writing", "vendor": "Anathem", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "paused", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "academic", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Independent evaluation by the Open University's Centre for Policing Research and Learning.", "notes": "An Open University evaluation dated 23 March 2025 examined a Hertfordshire Constabulary pilot of ADA (Anathem Digital Assistant), developed by Anathem, which takes the audio of Rapid Video Response contacts with domestic abuse victims, transcribes it and generates an MG11 witness statement, a DARA risk assessment and handover summaries; the report says ADA does not itself make decisions such as a final risk assessment. The report says the project was on 'pause' at the time of the study, December 2024 to March 2025, and gives no start date for the pilot. The authors found no consistent evidence that the first version of ADA saved time: drafts were compiled quickly, but call durations were slightly longer and report generation and checking took significantly longer, and they describe the productivity evidence as 'mixed (inconclusive)'. They found few spelling or grammar errors but lower readability in the AI statements, and write that ADA 'does not currently produce work that matches the average standard produced by the police officers we compared ADA with'. They report that hallucinations were present at the start of the work and were reduced 'to a great extent', but that a risk of hallucinations remains. Their overall conclusion is that version 1 did not provide proof of concept; they say version 2 was ready for testing and that there is 'a case to continue with this work'. Police Oracle reported the pilot on 20 February 2025. No source has been found saying whether the force resumed or ended use after March 2025; the status is recorded as paused on the strength of the report's statement, as at March 2025.", "source": "Open University Centre for Policing Research and Learning, evaluation report, 23 March 2025", "source_url": "https://university.open.ac.uk/centres/policing/sites/www.open.ac.uk.centres.policing/files/files/Outputs/Herts%20AI%20Report%202025.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/fc726910-7daf-4fce-9d19-9b6ac7ea12ae" }, { "id": "43d25766-a0e8-4460-820b-e2fbea833c16", "code": "PAI-43D25766", "force": "HM Prison and Probation Service", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England and Wales", "technology": "OASys offender risk assessment", "technology_slug": "offender-risk-assessment", "vendor": "UK Ministry of Justice; technical support from Capita", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2001", "legal_basis": "Ministry of Justice and HMPPS policy; no dedicated statute", "oversight": "Ministry of Justice has published revalidation studies of the actuarial instruments", "notes": "Combines a manual assessment covering offence analysis, accommodation, education and employment, finances, relationships, lifestyle, drugs, alcohol, emotional wellbeing, thinking and behaviour, attitudes and health, with statistical calculators. OGRS 3 uses gender, previous sanctions, age at current conviction, age at first sanction and offence type to output a percentage likelihood of proven reoffending at one and two years; OGP and OVP combine that score with questionnaire sub-scores for general and violent reoffending predictions.\n\nUsed on more than 1,300 people per day (see the Freedom of Information figures below), and in use since 2001 with rollout across the prison and probation system between 2001 and 2005. Outputs feed sentence planning, prison categorisation and supervision decisions. A replacement, Assess Risks Needs and Strengths, is being built in-house by Ministry of Justice Digital. Concerns about accuracy and discrimination have been raised by Statewatch and in trade reporting.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. An HM Prison and Probation Service Freedom of Information response dated 28 February 2025 (request 250107008, signed by the Head of Risk and Domestic Abuse Policy), read directly for this review, states that 7,090,636 OASys assessments were held at 12 January 2025, including those in progress, and that 9,420 assessments were completed in the week 6 to 12 January 2025, which is roughly 1,346 a day on the reviewer's arithmetic, and 476,474 over 12 months. It says the Assess Risks, Needs and Strengths project is developing a new digital tool to replace OASys, that a prototype was being piloted from December 2024 and that national rollout was planned for 2026, and it withholds details of the replacement under section 35(1)(a) of the Freedom of Information Act. The response does not mention OGRS, OGP, OVP or validity by ethnicity. No source found confirms whether the replacement has gone live, so OASys remains recorded as operational.", "source": "HMPPS FOI response 250107008, 28 February 2025 (published by Statewatch); Statewatch; MoJ revalidation studies", "source_url": "https://statewatch.org/media/4865/uk-oasys-foi-response-250107008.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/43d25766-a0e8-4460-820b-e2fbea833c16" }, { "id": "559354da-7f87-4ac2-8c59-41dcd356ebce", "code": "PAI-559354DA", "force": "HM Prison and Probation Service", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England and Wales", "technology": "AI language analysis of seized prisoner phones", "technology_slug": "prison-ai-systems", "vendor": "Not publicly specified", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Ministry of Justice AI Action Plan for Justice; no dedicated statute identified", "oversight": "None named", "notes": "Digitally scans the contents of mobile phones seized from prisoners and applies AI language analysis to flag code words and messages indicating violence, escape plans or contraband smuggling for staff action. Trialled across the prison estate, having analysed over 8.6 million messages at the point of announcement in July 2025.\n\nAnnounced alongside a separate AI violence predictor, described as analysing factors including a prisoner's age and previous involvement in violent incidents in custody to predict individual risk and assess threat levels on wings. That second tool is recorded here as announced rather than deployed: the announcement does not state it has been trialled, and no deployment evidence has been found.\n\nBoth rest on a single official source.", "source": "GOV.UK, Ministry of Justice", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-to-stop-prison-violence-before-it-happens", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/559354da-7f87-4ac2-8c59-41dcd356ebce" }, { "id": "f358bd2cd376db05", "code": "PAI-F358BD2C", "force": "Home Office", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "United Kingdom", "technology": "ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition)", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "Leonardo MW Ltd (software) and Redcentric plc (data storage), named as processors in the impact assessment", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "National ANPR Service", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2006", "legal_basis": "Part 3 of the Data Protection Act 2018 (law enforcement purposes); common law; Part 2 of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 and the Surveillance Camera Code of Practice; national ANPR standards (as stated in the impact assessment and the standards)", "oversight": "NPCC ANPR lead as lead controller, a national auditor and an Independent Advisory Group; the ICO regulates. The impact assessment says the Independent Advisory Group has been chaired by the Surveillance Camera Commissioner and that a replacement chair is being arranged, because the Biometrics and Surveillance Camera Commissioner's office is to be disbanded on implementation of the Data Protection and Digital Information (No 2) Bill, as the assessment puts it.", "notes": "The National ANPR Service's data protection impact assessment (version 4, January 2025, page updated 29 July 2026) states that there are 12,076 camera sets and 1,878 mobile ANPR cameras nationally. It gives three inconsistent daily volumes in different sections: over 100 million, can exceed 90 million, and in excess of 80 million reads per day. It says data in national systems is retained for 12 months, that local systems hold data for a maximum of 90 days, and that the 12-month period requires further consideration to demonstrate compliance with the storage limitation principle. The national ANPR standards (version 3.5, July 2026) add that mobile reads must be transferred to the national service within 48 hours and that vehicle of interest lists must be deleted no later than 56 days after their last review. A force may connect to the national service only after approval by the NPCC policing lead for ANPR.\n\nRecorded as one body for the national service, under the name Home Office, which publishes the national ANPR standards on behalf of the joint controllers. The impact assessment says the system is run by police forces and other law enforcement agencies as joint controllers, with the NPCC ANPR lead as lead controller; the Home Office is a joint controller because of Border Force's operational use, supports the other controllers on policy, and handles ANPR procurement and the management of processors. The processors it names are Leonardo MW Ltd (software) and Redcentric plc (data storage). Use by individual forces should be added force by force as sources confirm it.", "source": "Home Office, National ANPR Service DPIA (v4, January 2025) and National ANPR standards (v3.5, July 2026)", "source_url": "https://gov.uk/government/publications/national-anpr-service-data-protection-impact-assessment/national-anpr-service-data-protection-impact-assessment-accessible", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f358bd2cd376db05" }, { "id": "0cd49fb13c3a7dc7", "code": "PAI-0CD49FB1", "force": "Home Office", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "United Kingdom", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition (PND search)", "technology_slug": "retrospective-fr-pnd", "vendor": "Cognitec (FaceVACS-DBScan ID), among others", "vendor_slug": "cognitec", "programme": "Police National Database facial search", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2014", "legal_basis": "The Crime and Policing Act 2026 (Royal Assent 29 April 2026), section 181, creates an authorised person gateway for police access to DVLA driver records including the photograph, via the Law Enforcement Data Service, expanding access beyond road traffic matters.", "oversight": "Biometrics Commissioner; ICO, which reported a bias finding and is monitoring a planned algorithm replacement; subject of long-running custody image retention criticism", "notes": "The Home Office states the Act does not itself create a process for searching the DVLA image gallery to identify unknown individuals, and that which non-police galleries may be searched is deferred to a forthcoming Police Reform Bill.\n\nOver 25,000 retrospective facial recognition searches are run each month against a pool of more than 19 million custody images.\n\nThe statutory position changed in 2026 and any account citing only the absence of a framework is now stale. The Crime and Policing Act 2026 opened police access to DVLA driver records including photographs; the Lords rejected an amendment to block facial recognition searching of the roughly 50 million image DVLA database by 123 votes to 40 in March 2026. The substantive framework for which galleries may be searched has been deferred to a further bill.\n\nThe National Physical Laboratory published an accuracy and equitability evaluation of Cognitec FaceVACS-DBScan ID v5.5 in December 2025, and the ICO's 18 August 2026 statement is explicit about the finding: the algorithm's bias increases the likelihood of incorrect matches for people in some demographic groups. The Home Office and NPCC have put mitigations in place (staff training, oversight reporting, equality impact assessments) alongside plans to replace the algorithm. The ICO continues to engage with HMICFRS, the Home Office and NPCC on the replacement and is reserving the right to take further regulatory action if warranted.\n\nA Home Office consultation on the facial recognition framework closed on 12 February 2026 with a government response promised within 12 weeks. That response remained unpublished more than three months past its due date as of August 2026; a July 2026 Lords session shows the Home Secretary being directly pressed on the delay.\n\nRecorded as one body: the Home Office provides the Police National Database facial search that forces use. Forces with their own retrospective facial recognition systems are recorded separately.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Home Office's published summary of the National Physical Laboratory evaluation (4 December 2025) states that the algorithm tested is the one used to search the Police National Database of about 19 million custody images, that forces run roughly 25,000 searches a month, that a match is returned in over 99 per cent of searches where the true match is in the gallery at the operational setting, and that in a limited set of circumstances it is more likely to incorrectly include some demographic groups. The Home Office states that a new algorithm has been procured and independently tested, and that HMICFRS, supported by the Forensic Science Regulator, would inspect the system, with work expected to start before the end of March 2026. The Register reported on 8 December 2025 that the ICO had \"only learned last week\" of the historical bias, named the planned replacement as Idemia MBSS FR, and quoted a Home Office spokesperson saying the new algorithm would be tested early the following year. The Cognitec summary page does not name the replacement, but a separate Home Office summary published the same day reports National Physical Laboratory testing of \"the version of the IDEMIA MBSS FR algorithm selected for deployment by the Home Office\" for a new national facial matching service. No HMICFRS inspection report and no operational go-live date for the replacement were found. The Home Secretary told a House of Lords committee on 7 July 2026 that the legal framework policy was still being refined; no published response to the consultation was found in the sources read as of 3 November 2026. The ICO statement of 18 August 2026 cited above could not be read in this review.", "source": "Home Office summaries of NPL tests (Cognitec; IDEMIA), 4 December 2025; The Register, 8 December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/facial-recognition-technology-tests-national-physical-laboratory/summary-accuracy-and-equitability-evaluation-of-cognitec-facevacs-dbscan-id-v55", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0cd49fb13c3a7dc7" }, { "id": "cc45ac48-5fb5-49a1-9b17-5fbb0267f510", "code": "PAI-CC45AC48", "force": "Home Office", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England and Wales", "technology": "AI 101 call routing and triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Home Office and NPCC with Vodafone Business", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "AI 101 call routing (Home Office and NPCC)", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "None stated", "oversight": "None stated", "notes": "Takes the caller's stated reason for calling 101, matches it with an AI model to a set of likely reasons, tells the caller how it understood them so they can accept or reject that reading, asks extra safeguarding questions for broad categories, and redirects non-police matters such as damage-only road traffic incidents, fly-tipping and noise complaints to councils, NHS 111 or the power-cut line before the caller joins a queue.\n\nIf the model is in any doubt the call goes straight to police, and callers can always ask for a human handler. Use varies by force depending on existing telephone menus. A related programme covering AI transcription of 999 and 101 calls and linking of crime reports is backed by 16.5 million pounds.\n\nThe government has stated it does not support police use of AI to answer 999 calls.\n\nRecorded for the Home Office, which runs the programme with the National Police Chiefs' Council. The Home Office does not name the 15 pilot forces. South Yorkshire Police, named by ITV News as using the system from 18 August 2026, now has its own record.", "source": "GOV.UK, Home Office", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-to-slash-101-wait-times-and-free-vital-police-time", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/cc45ac48-5fb5-49a1-9b17-5fbb0267f510" }, { "id": "acd4b53a-4f9e-4670-a224-8a7631c84738", "code": "PAI-ACD4B53A", "force": "Home Office", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "UK-wide", "technology": "CSAM Detection and Classification (Vigil AI / CAID)", "technology_slug": "csam-detection-classification", "vendor": "Roke (Vigil AI classifier); Qumodo and Cyan Forensics also credited", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Child Abuse Image Database (CAID)", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2014", "legal_basis": "Home Office programme with a published privacy notice; no dedicated statute identified", "oversight": "None named externally; Home Office CAID team", "notes": "CAID is the UK's national hash-matching database of child sexual abuse imagery, live since Dec 2014 and used by all territorial forces, Police Scotland, PSNI and the NCA. The AI layer -- the Vigil AI CAID Classifier, built with Roke -- trains on the CAID corpus to detect previously unseen CSAM, including deepfake CSAM, and grade severity against government categories, going beyond hash-matching's ability to only catch already-known material. Roke describes it as (in the supplier's own words) the first operationally viable classifier able to both detect and grade. Home Office had invested £18.2m by 2019 with a further £1.76m on AI/fast-forensic tools. A May 2024 Home Office market notice signalled a possible move to public cloud hosting, reversing a 2020 legal opinion against cloud hosting for this data; outcome not established. This is the only documented operational police deployment of AI against synthetic/deepfake media found in this research pass.\n\nRecorded for the Home Office, which runs CAID. All UK territorial forces, Police Scotland, the PSNI and the NCA use it.", "source": "GOV.UK CAID privacy notice; Roke white paper; Computer Weekly", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/child-abuse-image-database/child-abuse-image-database-caid-privacy-notice--2", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/acd4b53a-4f9e-4670-a224-8a7631c84738" }, { "id": "896b34b3-99b7-45b9-bc32-ba412866ed1c", "code": "PAI-896B34B3", "force": "Humberside Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Humberside", "technology": "Bobbi AI virtual assistant", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Salesforce (Agentforce platform)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Bobbi (Salesforce Agentforce)", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "November 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Humberside Police introduced Bobbi on Tuesday 25 November 2025, according to a force announcement published on 4 December 2025. Bobbi is described as an AI virtual assistant built on Salesforce's Agentforce platform, 'designed to answer frequently asked, non-emergency questions' that would otherwise go to call handlers in the force control rooms, and supplements existing online forms, phone lines and front counters. The force describes itself as 'one of the first forces in the country to trial' it. Salesforce's press release of the same date, a company claim, names Humberside alongside Thames Valley Police and Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary; it quotes Assistant Chief Officer Chris Philpott of Humberside Police and gives combined figures (more than 600 users in the first week, 82 per cent of queries resolved without escalation to an officer) and no Humberside-only figures. A contract details notice published on 28 November 2025 shows the Police and Crime Commissioner for Humberside awarded the University of Sussex a contract worth £13,662 (excluding VAT), titled as an evaluation, running from 12 November 2025 to 31 January 2026; it says Humberside Police is 'developing an AI solution to assist police call handlers' but does not name the product, so it is not linked here to Bobbi. The Police and Crime Commissioner's office announced on 15 September 2025 that the Commissioner had signed a three-year, non-binding memorandum of understanding with Salesforce.", "source": "Humberside Police via Neighbourhood Network, 4 December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.nnetwork.org.uk/news/introducing-bobbi-policings-first-ai-virtual-assistan/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/896b34b3-99b7-45b9-bc32-ba412866ed1c" }, { "id": "02f87b22-1faf-49dd-bf45-cc267eaa6ab6", "code": "PAI-02F87B22", "force": "Humberside Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Humberside (port)", "technology": "Live facial recognition trial at a port", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "foi", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "A Freedom of Information response from Humberside Police dated 6 August 2018 (reference F-2018-01559) describes a facial recognition pilot using three cameras, two static cameras owned by the force and one mobile camera owned by the Metropolitan Police Service, with a watchlist of 148 custody images of people wanted on the Police National Computer. The force gives operating times of about 3 hours on 13 July and 1 hour on 14 July 2018 and says the pilot's end date was 14 July. Nobody was stopped and nobody was arrested; false-positive and match figures were 'not currently held'. The force said it was in community consultation about whether to continue, that any new trial would be at a static location at King George Dock, Hull, and that it did not intend to use the technology elsewhere. The response does not use the word 'live', name a vendor or name the pilot location. The Grimsby Telegraph (undated online copy) reports that Humberside Police, with the Metropolitan Police, trialled facial recognition working with the existing CCTV at the port in Hull (King George Docks) on 13 June, scanning ferry passengers against a database of more than 100 people wanted in the area, and mentions a possible further trial in the autumn. The article gives no year, and its 13 June date differs from the 13 and 14 July in the FOI response (whose request was received on 9 July 2018), so only the year is recorded as the start date. Whether the force later resumed use has not been found; the Home Office list of forces using live facial recognition (December 2025) does not name Humberside.", "source": "Humberside Police FOI response F-2018-01559, 6 August 2018 (copy hosted by Big Brother Watch)", "source_url": "https://www.bigbrotherwatch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Humberside-Police-Port-deployment-9-July-2018.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/02f87b22-1faf-49dd-bf45-cc267eaa6ab6" }, { "id": "e36f0831-0ff5-4a85-a2b1-e2f9e9e520c0", "code": "PAI-E36F0831", "force": "Kent Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Kent", "technology": "Place-Based Predictive Policing", "technology_slug": "place-based-predictive-policing", "vendor": "PredPol", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2013", "legal_basis": "Force procurement; no dedicated statute", "oversight": "None identified beyond the force itself", "notes": "The first UK force to test PredPol. The force cancelled the contract after saying it was challenging to demonstrate that the programme reduced crime. This is the same pattern seen in Los Angeles and in the Dutch Crime Anticipation System: the operating agency itself was unable to show the software worked.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Liberty Investigates (25 June 2026) says Kent \"recently cancelled its contract\" with PredPol and that showing the programme reduced crime had been \"challenging\"; the article gives no dates. Earlier reporting places the end in 2018: Big Brother Watch lists a Telegraph and BBC report of 27 November 2018 that Kent Police had stopped using the software, and the Liberties article of the same date says Kent was the first UK force to introduce it, in 2013, without giving a stop date. That article does not name PredPol. It quotes the Kent Police Federation chair linking the tool's use to officer time and shrinking resources, which differs from the reason given in 2026. The force's own statement of why it stopped was not read.", "source": "Liberty Investigates", "source_url": "https://libertyinvestigates.org.uk/articles/predictive-policing-avon-somerset-bristol-police-ai-minority-report/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e36f0831-0ff5-4a85-a2b1-e2f9e9e520c0" }, { "id": "2201d70c-df5a-42f6-a84d-50fa7e50e0e9", "code": "PAI-2201D70C", "force": "Kent Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Kent", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Kent and Essex joint working", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Kent Police uses Essex Police live facial recognition vehicles and equipment under joint working arrangements, starting in Chatham town centre in September 2026. Images of people not on the watchlist are deleted immediately and match data within 24 hours. Reported arrest figures for the first deployment disagree (two in one account, 18 in another) and are not recorded.", "source": "Kent Police, facial recognition page", "source_url": "https://www.kent.police.uk/facial-recognition", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/2201d70c-df5a-42f6-a84d-50fa7e50e0e9" }, { "id": "ecd70ff0-3ed3-4673-9427-bcb18664e49a", "code": "PAI-ECD70FF0", "force": "Lancashire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Lancashire", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The force announced on 1 September 2026 that it would launch live facial recognition, with the first deployment in Blackpool on 4 September ahead of and during the Illuminations switch-on. It describes deployments as targeted and intelligence-led with independent oversight and regular review; the supplier is not stated.", "source": "Lancashire Police, 1 September 2026", "source_url": "https://news.lancashire.police.uk/news/2026/sept-26/live-facial-recognition-technology-to-launch-in-county/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ecd70ff0-3ed3-4673-9427-bcb18664e49a" }, { "id": "f411e733-cabd-4965-84a9-e014e7a53df0", "code": "PAI-F411E733", "force": "Lancashire Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Lancashire", "technology": "Police Data Integration and Link Analysis Platforms", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "March 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "An £860,000 Palantir Foundry contract from March 2025 to June 2026, described as a \"proof of concept\". Whether it continued after June 2026 is not published.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Computing reports that \"Lancashire police said it had discontinued the pilot\". No end date is given; the contract described above ran to June 2026.", "source": "Computing, 2026 (Palantir pilots across police forces)", "source_url": "https://www.computing.co.uk/news/2026/government/more-than-a-quarter-of-england-and-wales-police-forces-now-involved-in-palantir-pilots", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f411e733-cabd-4965-84a9-e014e7a53df0" }, { "id": "4c54c25b-9ffe-4d64-bb1c-69a4756ac1eb", "code": "PAI-4C54C25B", "force": "Leicestershire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Force area", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC, according to NEC", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2014", "legal_basis": "Not specified in source; subject to an ICO compliance audit", "oversight": "Information Commissioner's Office consensual data protection audit of retrospective facial recognition (announced 17 March 2026); the force is implementing the ICO's recommendations", "notes": "Confirmed use of facial recognition technology via ICO proactive audit (executive summary published 2025-2026), one of five forces audited alongside Gwent Police, Essex Police, West Yorkshire Police and Greater Manchester Police. The ICO's blog covers both live and retrospective facial recognition without breaking down which variant each force uses; the ICO's statement of 17 March 2026 settles it for Leicestershire, as described in the update below. 107 recommendations were made across the five forces; all accepted or partially accepted. Four areas flagged as needing urgent attention: senior oversight/accountability/training; record-keeping on what data is used and shared; ensuring retrospective FR images come from appropriate sources and aren't over-retained; and checking systems for accuracy/bias. A final audit of the Metropolitan Police is scheduled for later in 2026.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The ICO's blog of 17 March 2026, on its audits of Essex Police and Leicestershire Police, states that it audited use of retrospective facial recognition at Leicestershire Police, as live facial recognition was not being used at that time. UKAuthority (26 March 2026) likewise reports that the force was using retrospective facial recognition at the time of the audit and is implementing the ICO's recommendations. No rating or number of recommendations for the force is recorded here. This record is therefore corrected to retrospective facial recognition, and 'since 2025', which was the audit date rather than a start date, is cleared. Police Professional (30 July 2014) reported that Leicestershire was the first UK force to evaluate NEC's NeoFace, in a six-month trial from April 2014 comparing images against the force's photograph database; that report does not say which system the force uses now. Separately, the Home Office factsheet (published 4 December 2025) lists Leicestershire among 13 forces that 'have used or are using' live facial recognition. The only live use found is at the Download Festival in June 2015, which Engadget (17 June 2015) reported with force quotes as scanning festival-goers' faces against a list of known offenders; a force FOI response of 17 May 2021 states that it did 'not currently utilise live facial recognition'. That earlier live use is recorded as a separate record.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. NEC Software Solutions publishes a case study (undated; page last modified 1 October 2026; a supplier document, so a company claim) saying Leicestershire Police's Identification Unit uploads custody images to NEC facial recognition software and runs images of suspects captured on camera against them, that officers review results and decide whether a match is valid, and that the unit has used facial recognition since 2014. It quotes the force's Head of ID and Custody saying 'Now with facial recognition technology a suspect can be identified within minutes', and describes an assault case in which retrospective matching led to three arrests. A force response of 28 May 2021 (reference 1495/21) states: 'Leicestershire Police do not use Live Facial Recognition' and that all officers using retrospective facial recognition have completed unconscious bias training. The vendor and start year are filled from the NEC case study and the 2014 Police Professional report of the NeoFace trial; the force's own pages were not found to name the supplier.", "source": "ICO blog on the Essex and Leicestershire audits, 17 March 2026; UKAuthority, 26 March 2026; NEC Software Solutions case study", "source_url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/03/why-data-protection-lies-at-the-heart-of-responsible-police-use-of-facial-recognition-technology/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/4c54c25b-9ffe-4d64-bb1c-69a4756ac1eb" }, { "id": "e93db7ba-6ba2-427b-bc75-6089db97ef7b", "code": "PAI-E93DB7BA", "force": "Leicestershire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Leicestershire (Donington Park)", "technology": "Live facial recognition at Download Festival", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "June 2015", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Engadget (17 June 2015) reported that Leicestershire Police used facial recognition software at the Download Festival, with some 90,000 attendees, without telling attendees beforehand. Cameras scanned faces and compared them with a list of known offenders. The force said the cameras did not take or store anyone's photograph, that the software only compared faces against a list of people known to commit crimes at festivals, and that all data was destroyed at the end of the weekend; Chief Superintendent Chris Haward called it 'an efficient and effective way of picking known offenders out of a crowd'. Engadget says the force had been trialling NEC's NeoFace software but does not confirm it was the system used at the festival, and reports no matches or arrests. A Leicestershire Police response of 28 May 2021 (reference 1495/21) states 'Leicestershire Police do not use Live Facial Recognition'. The Home Office factsheet of 4 December 2025 lists Leicestershire among 13 forces that 'have used or are using' live facial recognition; the only live use found is this 2015 event.", "source": "Engadget, 17 June 2015", "source_url": "https://engadget.com/2015/06/17/download-festival-face-scanning", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e93db7ba-6ba2-427b-bc75-6089db97ef7b" }, { "id": "36e2e4a4-532e-4371-af95-0b95803a5038", "code": "PAI-36E2E4A4", "force": "Lincolnshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Lincolnshire", "technology": "CESIUM child exploitation risk identification", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "Trilateral Research (CESIUM)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "CESIUM is an AI application developed with Trilateral Research to help safeguarding staff identify children at risk of exploitation by gathering and analysing police data faster. UKAuthority reported in November 2023 that Lincolnshire Police had deployed it; Chief Constable Chris Haward said it helps police \"identify vulnerable children months before the existing process\". The company says it had already helped identify 16 vulnerable children and estimates a 400% gain in operational capacity; those figures are the company's own. The purchase was approved in the Police and Crime Commissioner's decision 24/2023.", "source": "UKAuthority, 22 November 2023", "source_url": "https://www.ukauthority.com/articles/lincolnshire-police-deploys-ai-for-child-safeguarding/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/36e2e4a4-532e-4371-af95-0b95803a5038" }, { "id": "0f8cf9ad-6d81-4635-bf2f-b0e0e27e8bbd", "code": "PAI-0F8CF9AD", "force": "Merseyside Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Merseyside, including Southport and Birkenhead town centres", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "December 2025", "legal_basis": "Force policy under the Data Protection Act 2018, UK GDPR and the Human Rights Act 1998, following the Surveillance Camera Code of Practice. No dedicated statutory basis.", "oversight": "", "notes": "The force states plainly on its own transparency page that it \"uses Live Facial Recognition Technology (LFR) to prevent and detect crime and help protect the vulnerable\", and publishes scheduled deployments in advance — Southport town centre on 27 August 2026 and Birkenhead town centre on 5 September 2026.\n\nThe start date is not established. The force page carries forthcoming and recent deployments rather than a full historical register, and the earliest date visible on it is 27 August 2026. Secondary reporting places a first Liverpool city centre deployment in December 2025, but that was not confirmed against a force publication and the field is deliberately left empty rather than filled from an unverified figure.\n\nNo equipment supplier is named on the force page. The page refers to National Physical Laboratory testing of the algorithm without identifying the manufacturer.", "source": "Merseyside Police live facial recognition transparency page", "source_url": "https://www.merseyside.police.uk/police-forces/merseyside-police/areas/au/about-us/facial-recognition-technology/", "last_checked": "2026-09-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0f8cf9ad-6d81-4635-bf2f-b0e0e27e8bbd" }, { "id": "d7cd4e3361191199", "code": "PAI-D7CD4E33", "force": "Metropolitan Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "London; West Yorkshire and Thames Valley reported", "technology": "Operator-Initiated Facial Recognition (handheld)", "technology_slug": "oifr", "vendor": "Home Office-supported deployment", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Common law policing powers; DPA 2018 Part 3. No dedicated statutory framework", "oversight": "No dedicated oversight regime. Home Office consultation on facial recognition law closed February 2026 with results not yet published. Computer Weekly reports that the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime and the London Policing Ethics Panel will oversee the Met's use.", "notes": "Handheld devices allowing an officer to scan and identify a person on the spot. The Mayor of London confirmed in February 2026 that the Metropolitan Police was trialling the technology, following repeated questioning by Green Party London Assembly Member Zoe Garbett, and at a point when the force's own website stated it did not use operator-initiated facial recognition. Liberty Investigates reported that West Yorkshire Police documents anticipated deployment in 2026, though the force said no date had been set, and that Thames Valley had not confirmed timing.\n\nDr Daragh Murray, who co-authored the 2019 independent review of the Metropolitan Police's live facial recognition trials with Professor Pete Fussey while both were at the University of Essex, has questioned whether handheld deployment can meet the same safeguards. Murray and Fussey jointly submitted a response to the Home Office facial recognition consultation in February 2026. An earlier version of this entry attributed that independent review to Queen Mary University of London, which was incorrect: the review was the Essex study.\n\nSouth Wales Police has separately trained over 500 officers to use a handheld facial recognition mobile app.\n\nRecorded for the Metropolitan Police only. The Home Office factsheet states that South Wales Police and Gwent Police are using operator-initiated facial recognition; they now have their own records. West Yorkshire Police and Thames Valley Police are not recorded until a source confirms use.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. A London Assembly press release on london.gov.uk (created 26 February 2026, updated 6 July 2026), reporting the Mayor's answer to Zoë Garbett AM, describes a six-month pilot with around 100 devices and about £763,000 allocated; Computer Weekly reports the same figures. It does not give a start date, so the end of the pilot cannot be dated and the record stays as a trial. Computer Weekly reports that the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime and the London Policing Ethics Panel will oversee use, that the Met said it would be rolled out initially to a small number of officers, and that the Mayor said it may not be rolled out. Liberty Investigates and The Times (5 May 2026) quoted the Home Office as saying it has no plans to roll out operator-initiated facial recognition nationally and that decisions remain a matter for individual forces. They reported that in Thames Valley and West Yorkshire, which have explored adopting it, the technology would be made available through Motorola's Pronto policing app, and described the Met as \"planning to test the technology\", which sits awkwardly with the Mayor's February confirmation that the Met is trialling it. No source read names the supplier or app used by the Met. No result, extension or end of the Met pilot had been published in the sources read as of 3 November 2026.", "source": "Mayor of London disclosure, February 2026; Liberty Investigates", "source_url": "https://www.london.gov.uk/mayor-forced-reveal-handheld-live-facial-recognition-trial-be-rolled-out-london-following", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d7cd4e3361191199" }, { "id": "2b6d7b4ce3e21404", "code": "PAI-2B6D7B4C", "force": "Metropolitan Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "London", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace)", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2020", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute. Governing authority is now R (Thompson and Carlo) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2026] EWHC 915 (Admin) (Divisional Court, 21 April 2026), read with R (Bridges) v South Wales Police (Court of Appeal, 2020).", "oversight": "Force LFR policy documents; ICO engagement", "notes": "In Thompson the High Court dismissed a judicial review brought by Shaun Thompson and Big Brother Watch's Silkie Carlo, upholding the Met's LFR policy of 11 September 2024 as in accordance with the law for Article 8, and prescribed by law for Articles 10 and 11, of the European Convention on Human Rights. The claimants challenged only whether the policy had the required quality of law, not proportionality, and the official judgment summary does not address data protection law. Any account of UK live facial recognition citing only Bridges is now stale.\n\nDeployed at targeted operations rather than continuously, with published deployment records and arrest figures. The force says it has arrested more than 2,000 people using LFR since the start of 2024.\n\nThe deployment model is changing materially. The Croydon fixed-camera pilot, running October 2025 to March 2026 on the Met's own release, produced 173 arrests from more than 470,000 passers-by with one false alert on the Met's own figures. In June 2026 the Met confirmed fixed LFR cameras would be installed in the West End and Soho before the end of 2026, with six further areas during 2027, and in August 2026 the Mayor of London indicated the Oxford Street cameras would become permanent. This is a shift from mobile, targeted, time-limited deployments towards standing infrastructure, and is arguably a more significant development than any single deployment figure.\n\nUse is spreading nationally: Statewatch's June 2026 survey recorded 12 forces using LFR, with trade reporting citing 13 of 43; treat the figure as at least 12 to 13 forces as of mid-2026 and rising. The Home Office announced 40 additional LFR vans in January 2026. First protest use came in May 2026.\n\nAn investigation by Liberty Investigates and The Times found children had featured at least 1,600 times on live facial recognition watchlists across six forces, including children as young as 12; the UK Joint Committee on Human Rights has formally questioned the Home Secretary about it. Research by London Assembly Member Zoe Garbett found over half of London deployments took place in areas with a higher proportion of Black residents than the city average.\n\nStatic deployment, September 2026. On 3 September 2026 the Westminster Central West BCU announced on its own X account that it was deploying live facial recognition to crime hotspots in Westminster borough that day. Commissioner Sir Mark Rowley has said cameras will be fitted across the West End and Soho by the end of 2026. These are static during deployments and attached to street furniture rather than van-mounted, though movable between deployments. It follows a six-month Croydon pilot the Met says ran October 2025 to March 2026, producing 173 arrests across 24 operations.\n\nIn April 2026 the High Court dismissed a judicial review of the Met's facial recognition policy in R (Thompson and Carlo) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, finding the specific policy compatible with the relevant human rights requirements. The judgment is subject to a proposed appeal. Biometrics commissioners warned in May 2026 that dedicated legislation could still be three years away, and the February 2026 Home Office consultation had produced no published outcome by September.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Thompson judgment was given by the Divisional Court (Lord Justice Holgate and Mrs Justice Farbey) on 21 April 2026, [2026] EWHC 915 (Admin), with the Equality and Human Rights Commission intervening. Commentary records that Mr Thompson has indicated an intention to appeal; no report of permission to appeal being sought, granted or refused was found. The Met's release of 13 May 2026 gives the Croydon figures: static cameras on existing street furniture at two locations at the north and south ends of the high street, 24 operations between October 2025 and March 2026, 173 arrests (37 for breaches of court-imposed conditions), more than 470,000 people passing the cameras and one false alert, which led to a brief stop. Its release of 23 June 2026 says the Met will install static cameras in the West End and Soho by December 2026, and describes the Croydon model: cameras on existing infrastructure such as lampposts, monitored remotely and activated only during deployments when officers are on the ground, with each watchlist created no more than 24 hours in advance and deleted immediately afterwards; it also says rollout across London will accelerate from 2027 and gives more than 2,000 arrests using LFR since the start of 2024. The text read does not give a number of further areas. No vendor is named in either release. LBC reported on 12 August 2026 that the Mayor \"appeared to confirm\" that live facial recognition would be used on Oxford Street once it is pedestrianised, and that a spokesperson said his Office for Policing and Crime would \"continue to scrutinise and oversee its use\"; the LBC report does not itself say the Oxford Street cameras will be permanent.", "source": "Metropolitan Police releases, 13 May and 23 June 2026; judiciary.uk judgment summary, 21 April 2026; LBC; Liberty Investigates and The Times", "source_url": "https://news.met.police.uk/news/met-commissioner-to-announce-plans-to-introduce-lfr-into-crime-hotspots-across-the-west-end-510675", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/2b6d7b4ce3e21404" }, { "id": "9bf83238-20b8-46d9-a4c1-82bbf509b628", "code": "PAI-9BF83238", "force": "Metropolitan Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "London", "technology": "Mobile device extraction (Cellebrite)", "technology_slug": "mobile-device-extraction", "vendor": "Cellebrite", "vendor_slug": "cellebrite", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "procurement", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "Extraction powers derive from PACE and digital extraction provisions in later legislation; the procurement notices themselves do not set out the legal basis", "oversight": "The Forensic Science Regulator would be the relevant UK body but is not named in the procurement documentation", "notes": "The Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime is extending a contract for 10 Cellebrite Premium tools in Metropolitan Police digital forensics hubs and at Lambeth headquarters, valued at over £5.4 million. Deployment follows a tiered model, with level one extraction at police stations and level two in force digital hubs. The core product is device extraction, which is digital forensics infrastructure rather than an algorithmic decision system; the newer analysis layer adds AI capabilities.", "source": "UK public procurement notices (Find a Tender); trade reporting for the GMP figures", "source_url": "https://www.find-tender.service.gov.uk/Notice/025695-2025", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/9bf83238-20b8-46d9-a4c1-82bbf509b628" }, { "id": "c08644fd-b2a0-4b44-9521-06179294044a", "code": "PAI-C08644FD", "force": "Metropolitan Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "London", "technology": "Police Data Integration and Link Analysis Platforms", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "Culture Standards and Integrity Ecosystem", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "December 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Internal professional-standards analytics on Palantir Foundry over more than 50,000 current and former staff records, not a tool applied to the public. The contract began on 14 October 2025 and data injection went live on 18 December 2025; the force's own impact assessment calls it \"high-risk processing\". A separate £50m Met AI contract with Palantir was blocked by the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime in May 2026; after a settlement in October 2026 that procurement is to be restarted.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Recorded as a trial rather than operational: every source describes this as a pilot. In June 2026 the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime granted the Met a 12-month extension to its Palantir pilot, which Police Professional describes as focused on identifying conduct issues, while a new procurement open to other suppliers is run (Police Professional, 26 June 2026).", "source": "Police Professional, 26 June 2026", "source_url": "https://policeprofessional.com/?p=143967", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/c08644fd-b2a0-4b44-9521-06179294044a" }, { "id": "f34049c4-7c36-4666-8efc-15388db8e8eb", "code": "PAI-F34049C4", "force": "Ministry of Justice", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England and Wales (research phase)", "technology": "Individual Risk Scoring", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "Developed in-house (Ministry of Justice data science team)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Sharing Data to Improve Risk Assessment", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Data Sharing Agreement between MoJ and GMP; no deployment authorisation identified", "oversight": "None external; MoJ confirms research stage only", "notes": "Originally 'Homicide Prediction Project', renamed 'Sharing Data to Improve Risk Assessment'. Began Jan 2023, using Ministry of Justice data, Police National Computer records and GMP data to build models identifying people at greatest predicted risk of committing homicide. The MoJ-GMP Data Sharing Agreement covers 100,000-500,000 people, including names, dates of birth, ethnicity and gender. A project timeline obtained by Statewatch shows the project completed Dec 2024 but not deployed; MoJ confirms research stage. Disputed: Statewatch says sensitive data including domestic abuse and self-harm information was used, covering people never convicted of any offence; officials deny this, stating only convicted persons' data was used -- both positions recorded pending resolution. Connects to this site's existing OASys entry via an MoJ finding that OASys's predictive validity was 'greater for white offenders than offenders of Asian, Black and Mixed ethnicity'. Recorded as proposed rather than operational: developed but explicitly not deployed.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Computing (2025) quotes a Ministry of Justice spokesperson saying \"This project is being conducted for research purposes only\", that the tool is not used operationally and that \"A report will be published in due course\"; it also records the ministry's position that only data on people with at least one conviction was used, and Statewatch's allegation that the data-sharing agreement with Greater Manchester Police includes records regardless of conviction status. Statewatch's page of 8 April 2025 says the documents refer to the \"future operationalisation\" of the system and does not itself state a completion date. The December 2024 completion date in this record comes from a project timeline attributed to Statewatch and was not confirmed in the pages read for this review. No later development and no published report were found as of 3 November 2026.", "source": "Statewatch (FOI documents); The Register", "source_url": "https://statewatch.org/news/2025/april/uk-ministry-of-justice-secretly-developing-murder-prediction-system/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f34049c4-7c36-4666-8efc-15388db8e8eb" }, { "id": "e795d0df-3fe0-4dfe-9110-b88c1fc8485f", "code": "PAI-E795D0DF", "force": "Norfolk Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Norfolk", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Statewatch reported in June 2026 that the force had used live facial recognition for the first time in the previous six months. The force publishes a live facial recognition privacy notice.", "source": "Statewatch, 12 June 2026", "source_url": "https://statewatch.org/news/2026/june/england-police-use-of-facial-recognition-technology-growing-rapidly/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e795d0df-3fe0-4dfe-9110-b88c1fc8485f" }, { "id": "e9682d62-cfe4-4bb2-ab85-b3d255f85b5e", "code": "PAI-E9682D62", "force": "North Wales Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "North Wales", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Listed by the Home Office among 13 forces that had used or were using live facial recognition as of November 2025. The factsheet gives no detail of this force's deployments.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. ID Tech reports that North Wales Police began using live facial recognition at Holyhead port on 21 and 22 May 2024 as a pilot, with a policy document completed by April 2024, and that on 3 September 2024 the force announced continued use at specific events across the region with South Wales Police as a partner. The start date is therefore May 2024, earlier than the Home Office factsheet date this record used. Supplier not named in the report. The force's own release was not read.", "source": "Home Office, Police use of facial recognition: factsheet (forces listed as of November 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/police-use-of-facial-recognition/police-use-of-facial-recognition-factsheet", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e9682d62-cfe4-4bb2-ab85-b3d255f85b5e" }, { "id": "61216cbc-385a-41d6-bc6c-e2385f9e5d99", "code": "PAI-61216CBC", "force": "Northamptonshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Northamptonshire", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "July 2023", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Established by Northamptonshire Police's own live facial recognition page and the deployment register it publishes, both read on 9 September 2026. The force's own wording is that it \"is trialling the use of Live Facial Recognition (LFR) technology for the purposes of preventing and detecting crime and protecting the public\", which is why the status is recorded as trial rather than operational. The published register lists deployments from 8 July 2023 onwards. The first six are at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone across 2023, 2024 and 2025, with watchlists ranging from 778 to 3,949 and no alerts recorded at any of them. Town centre deployments begin on 28 November 2025 at Abington Street and Fish Street in Northampton, with a watchlist of 3,317, eight alerts of which seven were true and one false, and three arrests. Further deployments follow in Kettering, Wellingborough, Corby, Northampton and Daventry, the most recent listed being 10 July 2026 at Foundry Place and Bowen Square in Daventry. The register was read twice in this run and gave the same first and last rows both times. Local reporting by the Northampton Chronicle & Echo on 10 December 2025 adds that seven arrests followed the first four town centre deployments and that the van used was loaned from Bedfordshire Police; that is secondary reporting, not a force document, and is recorded here as such. Vendor, legal basis and oversight are deliberately left empty. The force page links a legal mandate document, a data protection impact assessment, an equality and wellbeing impact assessment and a deployment policy, but states none of their contents on the page itself and names no supplier, and none of those documents was read in this run.", "source": "Northamptonshire Police live facial recognition page and deployment register", "source_url": "https://www.northants.police.uk/police-forces/northamptonshire-police/areas/northamptonshire-force-content/about-us/about-us/live-facial-recognition/", "last_checked": "2026-09-09", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/61216cbc-385a-41d6-bc6c-e2385f9e5d99" }, { "id": "f3661e19-7386-45e1-af1f-1dfb3a630da4", "code": "PAI-F3661E19", "force": "Nottinghamshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Nottinghamshire", "technology": "CESIUM child exploitation risk identification", "technology_slug": "individual-risk-scoring", "vendor": "Trilateral Research", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Regional CESIUM pilot (East Midlands)", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "July 2024", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner's decision record 2024.062 approves entering \"formal contractual arrangements for AI Child Exploitation Software with a company called Trilateral Research Limited\". It states that \"Notts have been accepted as a participating force in the regional pilot (trial)\", to evaluate the benefits before any national recommendation. The initial contract runs from July 2024 to June 2025, with two optional 12-month extensions; whether they were taken up is not stated. The record does not name the product, which Trilateral markets as CESIUM, or state a cost.", "source": "Nottinghamshire PCC decision record 2024.062", "source_url": "https://nottinghamshire.pcc.police.uk/Document-Library/Public-Information/Decisions/2024/2024.062-DR-AI-Child-Exploitation-Software-Decision-Record-002-Redacted.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f3661e19-7386-45e1-af1f-1dfb3a630da4" }, { "id": "3a763c87-a68b-46c6-87a1-38675d8fa445", "code": "PAI-3A763C87", "force": "Police Scotland", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Scotland", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not applicable -- not yet deployed", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "None yet; under consideration", "oversight": "Scottish Biometrics Commissioner; Scottish Police Authority", "notes": "The Scottish Police Authority launched a National Conversation in 2024 on the potential use of live facial recognition by Police Scotland. The ICO has been engaging with Police Scotland and the SPA throughout and will continue to input as proposals develop, and separately responded in June 2026 to a Scottish Government consultation reviewing the Scottish Biometrics Commissioner's functions. The ICO's own August 2026 audit statement covers England and Wales 'where LFR is currently in use', which is a citable statement that LFR is not currently operational in Scotland. Scotland is unusual among tracker entries in having a named biometrics-specific oversight body already in statute.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. A Scottish Police Authority blog by the chair of its Policing Performance Committee, published 9 February 2026, states that no decision has been made on whether to implement live facial recognition, that Police Scotland will keep exploring its potential and consult the public and stakeholders, and that the chair's best estimate is 18 to 24 months for a business case to reach the Authority and a decision to be made. Before any decision Police Scotland would need an LFR-specific code of practice, compliance with the Biometrics Commissioner's code, full impact assessments and a business case. The blog mentions no approved budget, procurement or pilot. However, the Scottish Biometrics Commissioner reports that at the Scottish Police Authority Board on 21 August 2025 Police Scotland's chief officers confirmed their decision to \"move ahead with the future use of LFR by Police Scotland\", subject to further work on governance, proportionality and scrutiny, and the Authority's record for its Policing Performance Committee of 16 September 2025 sets out Police Scotland's stated intention to \"move ahead with Live Facial Recognition\" while it engages the public and considers business cases. A named body's stated plan, with public engagement, meets the tracker's definition of proposed, so the status stands.", "source": "Scottish Police Authority blog, 9 February 2026, and PPC record, 16 September 2025; Scottish Biometrics Commissioner; ICO, August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.spa.police.uk/news-insights/insights/blog-live-facial-recognition-update/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/3a763c87-a68b-46c6-87a1-38675d8fa445" }, { "id": "e4375786-74ca-40cc-abbc-6cf5639a0389", "code": "PAI-E4375786", "force": "PoliceAI (College of Policing and Home Office)", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "England and Wales", "technology": "National police AI programme", "technology_slug": "national-police-ai-programmes", "vendor": "Home Office and College of Policing", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "Home Office programme; no dedicated statute", "oversight": "Home Office; a public register of police AI is planned, though Statewatch notes it is expected to align with FOI exemptions and completion does not appear to be compulsory", "notes": "Announced in the Police Reform White Paper of January 2026 with 115 million pounds over three years, mobilising from April 2026 and formally launched on 10 June 2026, hosted by the College of Policing with 75 million pounds over three years within a wider package of around 140 million.\n\nFirst-year priorities include case-file assistants, disclosure assistants, crime data integrity, rapid CCTV and digital media analysis, image identification and classification, transcription and translation, AI-assisted redaction, retail crime and tool theft matching, deepfake detection, and establishing governance for Microsoft Copilot use. It also covers a public register of police AI, a national live facial recognition capability and national data standards. Large-scale pilots involving up to ten forces are planned across 2026 and 2027, with intended national scaling from 2027.\n\nAn important limit: the Home Office states that responsibility for procurement and deployment remains with chief officers. This is a coordinating and evaluating body, not a central system imposed on forces. It is recorded here because it changes how individual technologies now reach forces, not because it is itself a deployed technology.", "source": "GOV.UK; National Police Chiefs' Council", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/policeai-to-speed-up-investigations-and-fight-crime", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e4375786-74ca-40cc-abbc-6cf5639a0389" }, { "id": "9c721353-2c11-4f67-a8f8-6371bce46024", "code": "PAI-9C721353", "force": "Sainsbury's", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Facewatch facial recognition", "technology_slug": "facewatch", "vendor": "Facewatch", "vendor_slug": "facewatch", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Private retail use, not police use. Sainsbury's trialled Facewatch at Sydenham and Bath Oldfield Park and had it live in 55 stores by July 2026, with plans for up to 150 more before Christmas 2026. It paused use at one store on 17 August 2026 after a customer was falsely accused of shoplifting. From July 2026 Facewatch's Crime Management Platform began alerting police automatically to repeat-offender matches across more than 125 retailers.", "source": "Retail Gazette, 1 July 2026", "source_url": "https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2026/07/sainsburys-ramps-up-facial-recognition-rollout-to-tackle-shoplifting/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/9c721353-2c11-4f67-a8f8-6371bce46024" }, { "id": "67b2cf9e2e9cc5bd", "code": "PAI-67B2CF9E", "force": "South Wales Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Wales", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC (NeoFace)", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2017", "legal_basis": "Common law; considered in R (Bridges) v South Wales Police", "oversight": "Information Commissioner's Office consensual audit (August 2025): high assurance for live facial recognition; Court of Appeal judgment 2020 required changes to policy", "notes": "Deployed for public events including Six Nations rugby fixtures, with continued operations through 2026 including the Swansea Airshow in July 2026 and deployments in Cardiff and Pontypridd in June and July 2026. R (Bridges) v South Wales Police remains the governing appellate authority on this force's use and has not been disturbed.\n\nThe force has spent roughly £3.5m on the programme, with false alert rates falling over time on its own figures. Separately, South Wales Police has trained over 500 officers to use a handheld facial recognition mobile app, making it a significant operator-initiated facial recognition deployment as well as a live one.\n\nThe Liberty Investigates and Times investigation into children on facial recognition watchlists found South Wales Police had placed 632 people under 18 on its watchlists since 2022, including six children under 13. The force's own guidance states no one under 13 should be included, and the College of Policing notes the technology performs less reliably on younger children.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Information Commissioner's Office published an executive summary of its consensual audit of South Wales Police and Gwent Police (version 1.0, August 2025). It rated live facial recognition 'high' assurance and states that the live rating applies to South Wales Police only. It made six recommendations on live facial recognition (one high, four medium, one low), mainly on consistent retention periods and review of policies, and recorded as areas of assurance that data flows are mapped, that the force can show the lawful provenance of images used for watchlist templates, and that a data protection impact assessment procedure with data protection officer oversight is in place. The summary describes itself as an exception report, tailored to the two forces and not intended for comparison with other ICO audit reports; the ICO's announcement of 20 August 2025 called the audit \"a snapshot in time\" and said it \"does not give the green light to all police forces\". The summary names no supplier. The ICO's later outcomes report of 18 August 2026 could not be read in this review.", "source": "ICO audit summary for South Wales and Gwent Police and ICO announcement, August 2025; Bridges [2020] EWCA Civ 1058", "source_url": "https://ico.org.uk/media2/0hzpqaj5/executive-summary-of-the-south-wales-police-and-gwent-police-audit-report.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/67b2cf9e2e9cc5bd" }, { "id": "e0d36c15-b0cf-43a8-a8a1-5e5bd879048b", "code": "PAI-E0D36C15", "force": "South Wales Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "South Wales", "technology": "Operator-Initiated Facial Recognition (handheld)", "technology_slug": "oifr", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Common law policing powers, with a separate OIFR Legal Mandate document that refers to the Human Rights Act 1998, Equality Act 2010, Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, Data Protection Act 2018 and Freedom of Information Act 2000 (as stated in the forces' policy document)", "oversight": "South Wales Police FRT and Biometrics Programme Board, answering to the South Wales Police Gold Board; the South Wales and Gwent Police and Crime Commissioners' offices; the South Wales Police Ethics Committee as an independent source of advice; NPCC Facial Recognition Technology Board and Joint National Biometric Strategic Board (all as stated in the forces' policy document); ICO observed the pilot in its August 2025 audit and gave feedback rather than formal recommendations", "notes": "The Home Office factsheet states: \"South Wales Police and Gwent Police are using the technology.\" It gives no start date.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The joint South Wales Police and Gwent Police policy document for the overt use of operator-initiated facial recognition (version 1.1, dated 14 December 2024, review date 14 December 2025) describes an app on a police-issued mobile phone that compares a photograph taken by the officer with an image reference database, and says the forces intend to run a force-wide pilot that \"will last 12 months\". It says the image reference database holds custody images and the forces' images of missing persons. Police Professional (13 December 2024) reported that an earlier pilot with 70 South Wales officers ran from December 2021 to March 2022. It does not name a supplier or give start and end dates. The Information Commissioner's Office executive summary (August 2025) records that it observed the operator-initiated pilot but did not rate it formally, and gave feedback to the forces. Police Professional reported on 15 July 2025 that more than 500 officers had been trained and gave early results of 50 searches and ten arrests in South Wales and six completed uses in Gwent, which are the forces' own figures. The Home Office factsheet of December 2025 says both forces 'are using the technology'. No source read says whether the pilot ended or was made permanent, so the status of 'operational' rests on the factsheet wording and may in fact be a continuing pilot; it is left unchanged pending a source that settles it.", "source": "South Wales and Gwent Police OIFR policy (v1.1, December 2024); ICO audit summary, August 2025; Home Office factsheet, December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.gwent.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/gwent/about-us/facial-recognition/oifr/policy-document-for-the-overt-use-of-operator-initiated-facial-recognition-oifr---eng.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e0d36c15-b0cf-43a8-a8a1-5e5bd879048b" }, { "id": "2f5b2228-912e-4a53-b62e-302a2fd32bc4", "code": "PAI-2F5B2228", "force": "South Yorkshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "South Yorkshire", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Home Office and NPCC, with Vodafone Business", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "AI 101 call routing (Home Office and NPCC)", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Began using the national AI 101 call-routing system from 10am on 18 August 2026. The system matches a caller's stated reason to likely reasons and redirects non-police matters before the caller joins a queue; callers can always ask for a person.", "source": "ITV News Calendar, 18 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2026-08-18/police-forces-to-use-ai-on-101-service-to-screen-ridiculous-calls", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/2f5b2228-912e-4a53-b62e-302a2fd32bc4" }, { "id": "b6d2a21c-3609-4d98-8041-b289f5ded618", "code": "PAI-B6D2A21C", "force": "Staffordshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Staffordshire", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Salesforce (platform)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "A report to the Police and Crime public performance meeting on 14 May 2026 said the force was \"in the process of onboarding\" Salesforce LiveChat with the agentic AI assistant \"Bobbi\" for its contact centre. Recorded as proposed until a source confirms it is live.", "source": "A Little Bit of Stone, 19 May 2026", "source_url": "https://alittlebitofstone.com/staffordshire-police-to-use-ai-in-contact-centre/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b6d2a21c-3609-4d98-8041-b289f5ded618" }, { "id": "603dd27f-d982-450b-9946-087f7f6bba6d", "code": "PAI-603DD27F", "force": "Suffolk Constabulary", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Suffolk", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Listed by the Home Office among 13 forces that had used or were using live facial recognition as of November 2025; the factsheet says Suffolk's use led to four people being located and arrested for failing to appear at court. The force announced further deployments for Lowestoft on 3 November, Bury St Edmunds on 4 November and Ipswich on 5 November 2026, using equipment borrowed from Bedfordshire Police (reported as NEC NeoFace).", "source": "Home Office, Police use of facial recognition: factsheet (forces listed as of November 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/police-use-of-facial-recognition/police-use-of-facial-recognition-factsheet", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/603dd27f-d982-450b-9946-087f7f6bba6d" }, { "id": "12d75ae4-0fd6-495b-aa0d-de339c236826", "code": "PAI-12D75AE4", "force": "Surrey Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Surrey", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC Software", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "Surrey and Sussex joint LFR vans", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "November 2025", "legal_basis": "Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, Human Rights Act 1998, Equality Act 2010, UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018, as cited by the forces. No dedicated statutory basis.", "oversight": "Deployments authorised at superintendent rank or above. Both forces publish a deployment register, and Sussex additionally publishes its standard operating procedure. Deployments are notified at least seven days in advance.", "notes": "Surrey Police and Sussex Police run live facial recognition as a joint programme: the forces describe \"a joint bid to obtain two live facial recognition (LFR) vans\", funded by the Home Office. Each force has its own record, linked by the programme name.\n\nThe forces publish a running deployment register covering Redhill, Staines, Camberley, Ashford, Epsom, Woking and Guildford.\n\nThe register resolves the earlier discrepancy over the start date: its earliest entry is Redhill town centre on 13 November 2025, and the date of 23 January 2026 is the first row of a later table on the same page, not the first deployment.\n\nNEC Software is named by the forces in describing the Home Office-commissioned testing of the technology, which identifies the supplier but is not a separate procurement record.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Surrey Police's page, read directly, lists the earliest deployment as Redhill town centre on 13 November 2025 (watchlist 8,124, five alerts), followed by Woking on 26 November, Epsom on 2 December, Guildford on 13 December and Walton on 16 December 2025. The latest entries are Staines railway station on 17, 24 and 25 October 2026, so use continues. The page names NEC Software, cites common law, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, the Human Rights Act 1998, the Equality Act 2010, UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018, and says superintendents or above authorise each deployment, an equality impact assessment is required and every match must be corroborated by an officer. The Surrey page was read; Sussex's own page was not.", "source": "Surrey Police and Sussex Police live facial recognition pages, with published deployment registers", "source_url": "https://www.surrey.police.uk/police-forces/surrey-police/areas/au/about-us/live-facial-recognition/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/12d75ae4-0fd6-495b-aa0d-de339c236826" }, { "id": "91b59491-1aeb-4de9-8ca9-db8f60254c36", "code": "PAI-91B59491", "force": "Sussex Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Sussex", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "NEC Software", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "Surrey and Sussex joint LFR vans", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "November 2025", "legal_basis": "Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, Human Rights Act 1998, Equality Act 2010, UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018, as cited by the forces. No dedicated statutory basis.", "oversight": "Deployments authorised at superintendent rank or above. Both forces publish a deployment register, and Sussex additionally publishes its standard operating procedure. Deployments are notified at least seven days in advance.", "notes": "Surrey Police and Sussex Police run live facial recognition as a joint programme: the forces describe \"a joint bid to obtain two live facial recognition (LFR) vans\", funded by the Home Office. Each force has its own record, linked by the programme name.\n\nSurrey Police publishes a running deployment register covering Redhill, Staines, Camberley, Ashford, Epsom, Woking and Guildford, all of which are in Surrey.\n\nThe start month is now supported for Sussex from a different source. The Surrey register lists Surrey locations only, so it cannot settle a Sussex date. Brighton and Hove News (22 December 2025) reports that the vans were first deployed in Redhill and Crawley in November 2025, and that the deployment in Western Road, Brighton, on 2 December 2025, which led to the first arrest, was the second of its type in Sussex. Crawley is the Sussex location; Redhill is in Surrey.\n\nNEC Software is named by the forces in describing the Home Office-commissioned testing of the technology, which identifies the supplier but is not a separate procurement record.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Sussex Police's own live facial recognition page, read for this review, describes the joint bid with Surrey for two Home Office-funded vans, says deployment locations are published at least seven days in advance, names NEC Software in describing the Home Office-commissioned testing, cites common law, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, the Human Rights Act 1998, the Equality Act 2010, UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018, and says only superintendents and above can authorise a deployment. The page as read listed no past Sussex deployments, so the November 2025 start rests on the news report above rather than a force publication.", "source": "Sussex Police LFR page; Surrey Police LFR page and register; Brighton and Hove News, 22 December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.sussex.police.uk/police-forces/sussex-police/areas/au/about-us/governance-and-processes/live-facial-recognition/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/91b59491-1aeb-4de9-8ca9-db8f60254c36" }, { "id": "ac516025-d857-49f2-a674-6de5bdbfda0a", "code": "PAI-AC516025", "force": "Thames Valley Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Thames Valley, first deployed in Oxford city centre", "technology": "Live Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "December 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Two fully equipped LFR vans entered service on Monday 22 December 2025, first deployed on Cornmarket Street in Oxford city centre. The Police and Crime Commissioner announced the launch on 29 December 2025 and stated the vans would be used across the Thames Valley frequently.\n\nNo supplier is named in the announcement, and no statutory authority or independent oversight body is identified. The Commissioner refers to working with the force to ensure safeguards are in place, and to trained operators, bespoke watchlists and automatic deletion of non-matching data, but those are descriptions of practice rather than an oversight arrangement, so the legal basis and oversight fields are left empty rather than filled from inference.\n\nThe site's own news archive already carries reporting of subsequent deployments in Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, so the deployment was being covered before this record existed.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Hello Radio (19 May 2026) reports the Thames Valley Police and Crime Commissioner, Matthew Barber, saying that since December 2025 the vans had led to 17 arrests across 13 deployments, scanned more than 240,000 faces and generated 35 alerts, and that the force needs to review how the vans are used because operations are very resource intensive and may be better suited to finding people in large crowds. The report does not say use was paused, and the vans were due to deploy in Oxford that day. These are figures as given by the Commissioner in a news report; the original statement was not read. Supplier, legal basis and oversight remain unestablished.", "source": "Thames Valley Police and Crime Commissioner announcement, 29 December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.thamesvalley-pcc.gov.uk/news/thames-valley-police-launches-live-facial-recognition-technology", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ac516025-d857-49f2-a674-6de5bdbfda0a" }, { "id": "55833f60-808b-4e66-a25b-017f9c6b3202", "code": "PAI-55833F60", "force": "Thames Valley Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Thames Valley", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Salesforce (Agentforce 360 platform), according to Salesforce", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Uses \"Bobbi\", an AI assistant for non-emergency enquiries that passes callers to staff on request or when it cannot help. (An earlier version of this entry said it can handle up to 5,000 contacts a day; the supplier says that figure is overall contact volume, see below.) eWeek reported in November 2025 that it had been deployed with early positive results. The supplier is not named in that source.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Salesforce's press release of 4 December 2025 (a company claim) says Bobbi is an AI agent built on its Agentforce 360 platform for Thames Valley Police, Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary and Humberside Police, announced 4 December 2025, with more than 600 citizens using it in its first week and 82 per cent of queries resolved without escalation to an officer (its summary also says up to 90 per cent). It states that the 5,000-contacts-a-day figure refers to the forces' overall contact volume, not to Bobbi, so the earlier statement in this record that Bobbi can handle up to 5,000 contacts a day is not supported and is withdrawn. All figures are company and force claims. Humberside Police is named but has no record here. The eWeek article was not re-read.", "source": "eWeek, 27 November 2025", "source_url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/uk-police-trial-ai-chatbots/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/55833f60-808b-4e66-a25b-017f9c6b3202" }, { "id": "42f421e0d2648670", "code": "PAI-42F421E0", "force": "West Midlands Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "West Midlands", "technology": "Microsoft 365 Copilot (generative AI)", "technology_slug": "microsoft-copilot", "vendor": "Microsoft", "vendor_slug": "microsoft", "programme": "", "status": "paused", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Internal force policy; no dedicated statutory framework for generative AI use", "oversight": "House of Commons Home Affairs Committee inquiry", "notes": "West Midlands Police switched off force-wide access to Microsoft Copilot in January 2026 after the tool generated false intelligence about a West Ham versus Maccabi Tel Aviv fixture, and associated disorder, that had never taken place. The fabricated information reached briefing material and shaped a risk assessment.\n\nRecorded as paused rather than discontinued. Acting Chief Constable Scott Green described the shutdown as temporary, in place until further notice, both in January and again in March 2026. No evidence of reinstatement had emerged as of August 2026, but a force describing a suspension as temporary is not the same as a decision to stop using a technology permanently, and this tracker records the difference.\n\nThe force initially denied that AI had generated the erroneous intelligence; the Chief Constable subsequently corrected that evidence. The Home Affairs Committee reported in February 2026 that West Midlands Police failed to apply proper due diligence to false information generated by AI, and criticised what it called a remarkable lack of professional curiosity.\n\nThis pause did not extend nationally. A Sky News survey published in February 2026 found at least 21 English forces still using Microsoft Copilot.", "source": "House of Commons Home Affairs Committee correspondence, reported by ITV News", "source_url": "https://www.itv.com/news/central/2026-03-04/west-midlands-police-boss-turns-off-ai-that-caused-maccabi-tel-aviv-error", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/42f421e0d2648670" }, { "id": "d133d798-973d-4b17-a104-c2b2195411d0", "code": "PAI-D133D798", "force": "West Yorkshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "West Yorkshire", "technology": "Post Call Analysis", "technology_slug": "ai-call-content-analysis", "vendor": "Built in-house with the NPCC Digital Public Contact programme", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "None stated", "oversight": "HMICFRS PEEL inspection regime referenced as context; no dedicated oversight body named", "notes": "The first force in England and Wales to put the capability live, announced in March 2026. Records and transcribes control room calls inside a police-controlled environment, then auto-summarises and categorises them by topic, analyses repeat-caller patterns rather than raw call counts, identifies indicators of vulnerability not captured in operator notes, and checks whether crime prevention and forensic preservation advice was given. Outputs come with plain-language explanations and operational decision-making remains with trained staff.\n\nDuring pilot testing the force reported the system identified 21 percent more calls containing indicators of hidden vulnerability than its previous process. That is a force-reported pilot figure, not an independently replicated result.\n\nThis finding was independently surfaced by two separate research passes, which is part of why it is recorded here rather than held.", "source": "National Police Chiefs' Council", "source_url": "https://news.npcc.police.uk/releases/ai-to-unlock-intelligence-from-control-room-calls", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d133d798-973d-4b17-a104-c2b2195411d0" }, { "id": "da3c3040-fe49-4bb9-9801-10501b676040", "code": "PAI-DA3C3040", "force": "West Yorkshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "Force area", "technology": "Live and Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "live-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Not specified in source", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2025", "legal_basis": "Not specified in source; subject to an ICO compliance audit", "oversight": "Information Commissioner's Office (consensual audit, executive summary published 18 August 2026); reasonable assurance rating for both live and retrospective use", "notes": "West Yorkshire Police uses both live facial recognition and retrospective facial recognition. The Information Commissioner's Office audited the force between June 2025 and March 2026 as one of five in a consensual audit programme, publishing its executive summary on 18 August 2026.\n\nThe audit gave West Yorkshire a rating of reasonable assurance of compliance for BOTH live and retrospective facial recognition. That is the stronger of the two outcomes among the audited forces on the retrospective side, where compliance was generally weaker across the programme.\n\nThe audits consisted of policy and procedure reviews, interviews, records inspections, technology demonstrations and a virtual review of evidence documentation. Across all five forces the ICO made 107 recommendations covering compliance and best practice, every one of which was accepted or partially accepted. Recommendations applying to all forces include developing internal audit procedures, comprehensive logging of facial recognition use, and allowing sufficient time to carry out data protection impact assessments.\n\nOperationally, a deployment in Bradford city centre from 19 to 21 August 2026 identified four people wanted for criminal offences, all of whom were arrested. One was further detained on suspicion of possessing an offensive weapon after being found carrying a knuckle duster.", "source": "ICO audit executive summary; Computer Weekly; Biometric Update", "source_url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/08/facial-recognition-in-policing/", "last_checked": "2026-08-28", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/da3c3040-fe49-4bb9-9801-10501b676040" }, { "id": "e60e3f2c-50a1-49f4-b005-d0ea63516b3f", "code": "PAI-E60E3F2C", "force": "West Yorkshire Police", "country": "United Kingdom", "country_code": "uk", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Microsoft 365 Copilot (generative AI)", "technology_slug": "microsoft-copilot", "vendor": "Microsoft", "vendor_slug": "microsoft", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "Internal force policy; no dedicated statutory framework for generative AI use", "oversight": "Individual force AI-use policy. Force-stated oversight: quarterly Strategic Oversight Board, Digital Policing Tactical Board and an ethics committee; alignment with the NPCC AI Covenant, NPCC AI Checklist and ALGO-CARE (West Yorkshire Police FOI response, October 2025). No independent national oversight body confirmed.", "notes": "Named by a Sky News survey in February 2026 as one of the forces still allowing Microsoft 365 Copilot. West Yorkshire Police said staff receive guidance on using it responsibly. The survey found at least 21 English forces using it; North Wales Police and Dyfed-Powys Police had blocked it, and police in Scotland and Northern Ireland did not allow it. Eight forces confirmed it cannot be used in investigations without being named.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. A West Yorkshire Police Freedom of Information response (reference 2656518/25, dated October 2025) states that the force has \"concluded a limited user pilot of Microsoft Copilot and its premium features\", that access to policing data was restricted during the pilot, that the aim was to assess time savings across Microsoft applications, and that the force was still reviewing the outcomes. It says the force aligns with the NPCC AI Covenant and AI Checklist and the ALGO-CARE framework, carries out data protection impact assessments for higher-risk processing, and has oversight through a quarterly Strategic Oversight Board (with the Deputy Chief Constable as senior information risk owner), a Digital Policing Tactical Board and an ethics committee consulted when an issue arises. The response gives no pilot dates and does not say whether Copilot was then rolled out. It pre-dates the Sky News survey of February 2026 on which this record's status rests, so the two sources together show a limited pilot concluded by October 2025 and a force that defended its use in February 2026. Whether Copilot is available force-wide is not established; the status of operational may overstate a continuing pilot.", "source": "Sky News investigation, reported via Resultsense, February 2026; West Yorkshire Police Freedom of Information response 2656518/25, October 2025", "source_url": "https://www.resultsense.com/news/2026-02-24-police-still-using-ai-copilot-despite-hallucination-scandal", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e60e3f2c-50a1-49f4-b005-d0ea63516b3f" }, { "id": "d494b30c76a3e519", "code": "PAI-D494B30C", "force": "~3,100 US police departments (company estimate)", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "United States", "technology": "Clearview AI facial recognition", "technology_slug": "clearview-ai", "vendor": "Clearview AI", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2020", "legal_basis": "Varies by state; several states and 20+ cities have banned or restricted police facial recognition", "oversight": "Fragmented. State and city-level restrictions in some jurisdictions, but no single federal framework.", "notes": "Clearview markets its database of images scraped from the web as an investigative lead generation tool, and states that results are indicative rather than definitive matches requiring further verification. The roughly 3,100 US agency figure originates from the company itself and should be read as a historical vendor estimate, not a verified current count.\n\nA caution on attribution that matters for accuracy: not every US facial recognition wrongful arrest is a Clearview case, and this entry should not absorb them. The documented Clearview-attributed cases are Randal Quran Reid (Georgia, arrested for a Louisiana offence he had no connection to) and a Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office case that led to a $200,000 settlement. By contrast, the June 2026 Florida suit filed by the ACLU on behalf of Robert Dillon concerns Pinellas County's FACES system, not Clearview, and the ACLU's April 2026 update identifying a fourteenth publicly known US wrongful arrest does not attribute a vendor in most cases.\n\nLegal position: the Seventh Circuit overturned the class settlement in the Illinois BIPA consumer privacy litigation on 13 July 2026.\n\nFederal contracting continues. ICE Homeland Security Investigations signed a $9.2m contract in September 2025; US Customs and Border Protection signed a one-year $225,000 contract on 11 February 2026 for tactical targeting operations; and the US Army's 1st Special Forces Command has a contract with a base period running March 2026 to March 2027, with options to 2030 and a total potential value of $339,415.", "source": "Company statements; ACLU documentation of wrongful arrest cases; contract reporting", "source_url": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/police-say-a-simple-warning-will-prevent-face-recognition-wrongful-arrests-thats-just-not-true", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d494b30c76a3e519" }, { "id": "a436d47f171393c3", "code": "PAI-A436D47F", "force": "5,000+ US law enforcement agencies", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "United States", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2018", "legal_basis": "Varies by state; no dedicated federal ALPR statute", "oversight": "Fragmented. State-level audits in some cases (e.g. Illinois), but no single national body.", "notes": "Fragmented by design: thousands of individual agencies each contract with Flock separately, with far less national standardisation of retention or access than a single national system would have. Scale as of August 2026 is roughly 120,000 cameras across 49 states, with a company-cited reach of 6,000 to 7,000 law enforcement agencies; sources differ on the exact headcount and the figures move quickly.\n\nThat fragmentation is where the most serious documented problems have surfaced. An Illinois state audit found federal immigration authorities had gained access to state plate-read data through an undisclosed CBP arrangement, in apparent tension with state law, and 47 agencies were subsequently removed. A Dayton, Ohio audit in May 2026 found camera data searched more than 7,100 times for immigration enforcement in breach of city policy; the city covered all 72 cameras with bin bags pending contract exit. In San Francisco, 299 improper queries were made over about a year by a regional intelligence centre. The University of Washington Center for Human Rights documented federal access to Washington state networks through front-door, back-door and side-door routes. The Electronic Frontier Foundation reported over eighty agencies entering search justifications using language perpetuating stereotypes about Romani people.\n\nIndividual officer misuse is now documented repeatedly: a Washington Post investigation found dozens of officers using the network to surveil former partners and romantic interests, and separate 2026 cases include a Georgia officer arrested in August, an Arizona officer who resigned after allegedly tracking his wife, and a North Carolina officer charged over 31 searches of her boyfriend's ex-wife's vehicle.\n\nVendor response, 13 August 2026: default retention cut from 30 days to 7; the previously optional abnormal-search monitoring tool made universal, having been enabled by only about a third of customers; automatic lockouts for suspicious search patterns; case numbers required for extended retention. Flock had earlier removed federal agencies from its national search network (August 2025) and required a NIBRS offence type on every search (December 2025).\n\nContraction is substantial but so is growth: around 53 cities had cancelled by late June 2026 and over 20 jurisdictions moved to drop Flock in July 2026 alone, while roughly 800 US cities approved new contracts during 2026. Ring cancelled a planned Flock integration in March 2026. Washington State's Driver Privacy Act (ESSB 6002), signed 30 March 2026 and effective immediately, imposes a 21-day retention cap, permitted-purpose limits, bans on immigration and reproductive-healthcare and protected-activity uses, collection bans near sensitive sites, mandatory registration with the Attorney General and annual audits.", "source": "Company statements; Illinois state audit findings, reported by State of Surveillance and the ACLU", "source_url": "https://stateofsurveillance.org/articles/surveillance/flock-safety-national-surveillance-database-how-it-works-2026/", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a436d47f171393c3" }, { "id": "8708aab8-7cc9-4910-8138-865f4f0dbb72", "code": "PAI-8708AAB8", "force": "Albuquerque Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "New Mexico", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2020", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "SoundThinking announced a five-year renewal covering 42 square miles during the second quarter of 2026. The renewal is a company statement.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Albuquerque Police Department's own news release of 8 May 2024 states that ShotSpotter was implemented in the department in 2020, was placed first in parts of the city with high gunfire rates, and was being expanded to the Uptown area; it reports a fall of about 26 per cent in shots-fired incidents in covered areas, from 5,244 in 2023 to 3,865 between 1 January and 2 May 2024, while crediting other tools as well. The 2026 renewal described above is still known only from the vendor's press release; no council or city record of it was found.", "source": "Albuquerque Police Department news release, 8 May 2024; SoundThinking press release, 2 July 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://www.cabq.gov/police/news/apd-announces-expansion-of-shotspotter-in-uptown-area", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/8708aab8-7cc9-4910-8138-865f4f0dbb72" }, { "id": "06c2fbd3-3e71-4ed0-a853-52161f55160c", "code": "PAI-06C2FBD3", "force": "Antioch Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Axon (Prepared)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "In March 2026 the police department asked the city council to approve an agreement with Prepared, an Axon subsidiary, worth up to $248,400 over two years, for AI handling of some non-emergency calls. At the department's request the item was moved to a later meeting for a fuller report; it was not approved then.", "source": "Contra Costa Pulse, 26 March 2026", "source_url": "https://ccpulse.org/2026/03/26/antioch-police-ai-answer-calls/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/06c2fbd3-3e71-4ed0-a853-52161f55160c" }, { "id": "acce94c8-9c7e-4233-9ef4-ec9052514c94", "code": "PAI-ACCE94C8", "force": "Asheville Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "North Carolina", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Asheville City Council vote of 25 August 2026", "notes": "Asheville City Council voted on Tuesday 25 August 2026 to terminate the city's contract for 11 Flock Safety licence plate reader cameras. WLOS reported the next day that Asheville police no longer had access to the Flock software. The city manager said staff would look at covering the camera lenses until they could be removed. Council member Sage Turner said a majority of the council had already voted to cancel Flock and that the latest vote was meant to speed this up. The decision covers only the city's own 11 cameras; other Flock cameras within the city limits that the city does not operate can keep running. The start year of Asheville's use was not given in the source read.", "source": "WLOS, 26 August 2026", "source_url": "https://wlos.com/news/local/asheville-police-flock-cameras-access-city-council-votes-end-contract-license-plate-readers-data-privacy-technology-pisgah-view-apartments-residents-neighborhood-concerns-data-driven-solutions-accountability-trust", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/acce94c8-9c7e-4233-9ef4-ec9052514c94" }, { "id": "32e29412-901b-4d55-bede-d5078090b4ce", "code": "PAI-32E29412", "force": "Boston Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Massachusetts", "technology": "AI Social Media Monitoring", "technology_slug": "ai-social-media-monitoring", "vendor": "LifeRaft", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "June 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Boston surveillance ordinance requires disclosure of new surveillance technology; councillors said the council was not informed; councillors filed an ordinance amendment on 23 September 2026 to tighten surveillance oversight and notification", "notes": "Gained access to LifeRaft in June 2026, according to the city's surveillance technology report. About ten trained members of the Bureau of Intelligence and Analysis use it several times a week to search public posts by keyword, place, name, phone number or handle, with AI sentiment analysis. City councillors said they had not been told, citing the surveillance ordinance.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Boston Globe's report of 17 September 2026 says the city's 2025 Surveillance Technology Report, released in September 2026, dates access to June 2026 and that the police spokesperson put use at ten specially trained members several times a week; it also reports that the department spent roughly $130,000 on social media monitoring tools in 2025. A separate filing dated 23 September 2026 on the city's website is a proposed ordinance, offered by Councillors Benjamin Weber, Gabriela Coletta Zapata, Henry Santana and others, amending the Surveillance Oversight and Information Sharing ordinance; it does not mention LifeRaft but refers to the Police Commissioner telling the council about social media analysis tools used without its permission under \"exigent circumstances\" around the 2024 presidential election. The Globe names those earlier tools as SITE Intelligence's SourceFeed and Chorus, which the council voted against in August 2025 although the department is reported to continue using them; they are not covered by this record.", "source": "Boston Globe, 17 September 2026", "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2026/09/17/business/boston-police-social-media-surveillance-liferaft/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/32e29412-901b-4d55-bede-d5078090b4ce" }, { "id": "3ff6cac1-0907-44d6-9e1c-403bda818d78", "code": "PAI-3FF6CAC1", "force": "Boulder Police and Fire Communications", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Colorado", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Axon (reported by the Daily Camera, 7 October 2026; the city page does not name the supplier)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "ANET (Automated Non-Emergency Triage)", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Soft launch at the end of October 2026 on the police and fire non-emergency line, running for a few hours at a time several times a week. It answers questions, creates requests for staff review or transfers to a dispatcher, and transfers emergencies at once; it does not answer 911. The city page does not name the supplier (trade reporting says Axon).\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Daily Camera, republished by Officer.com on 7 October 2026, reports that the assistant is an Axon product, is limited to non-emergency calls (examples given include abandoned vehicles, noise, lost property and parking), works in English and Spanish, lets callers ask for a human at any time, and that non-emergency call data will not be used to train the AI. It describes the end-of-October start as following weeks of phased testing, with no end date given.", "source": "City of Boulder, Non-Emergency Line AI Assistant", "source_url": "https://bouldercolorado.gov/non-emergency-line-ai-assistant", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/3ff6cac1-0907-44d6-9e1c-403bda818d78" }, { "id": "a41d8734-ba0c-40d6-b775-9a4b3d6c950a", "code": "PAI-A41D8734", "force": "Casa Grande Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Arizona", "technology": "Body-Worn Camera Audio Analytics", "technology_slug": "bwc-audio-analytics", "vendor": "Truleo", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "academic", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "Departmental policy; no statutory basis or external regulator identified", "oversight": "Internal supervisory review; use-of-force and problematic language flags require sergeant review", "notes": "Implemented on 1 February 2024 for half the patrol force as a randomised controlled trial, which is why this deployment rests on peer-reviewed evidence rather than vendor material. Natural language processing runs over the audio of every body-worn camera activation once cameras are docked, producing transcripts and automatic flags for professionalism, de-escalation, use of force and language. Apache Junction Police Department has also been studied. Transcription and annotation accuracy is reported to exceed 90 percent, a vendor-derived figure cited within the peer-reviewed study.", "source": "Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice (Oxford University Press), peer-reviewed", "source_url": "https://academic.oup.com/policing/article/doi/10.1093/police/paae107/7828028", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a41d8734-ba0c-40d6-b775-9a4b3d6c950a" }, { "id": "09b02086-5816-44f3-bc75-36fb7f915ecf", "code": "PAI-09B02086", "force": "Chicago Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Illinois", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Chicago ended its ShotSpotter contract early on 22 September 2024; police stopped receiving alerts from 12:01am on 23 September. The system had monitored Chicago neighbourhoods for more than six years under the most recent arrangement.", "source": "ABC7 Chicago, 23 September 2024", "source_url": "https://abc7chicago.com/post/chicago-shotspotter-contract-ends-sunday-city-begin-dismantling-gunshot-detection-technology-monday/15341343/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/09b02086-5816-44f3-bc75-36fb7f915ecf" }, { "id": "0247d3bc-984d-4bbc-b279-7c7367e1f723", "code": "PAI-0247D3BC", "force": "Chula Vista Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "Real-Time Crime Center Camera Integration (Fusus)", "technology_slug": "real-time-crime-center-integration", "vendor": "Axon (Fusus)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "A January 2026 council staff report proposed Axon Fusus to replace a Motorola Solutions system. Recorded as proposed until a source confirms the council decision and go-live. Chula Vista adopted an AI policy in October 2026 barring predictive policing and biometric surveillance without council approval.", "source": "Chula Vista City Council staff report, January 2026", "source_url": "https://pub-chulavista.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=58026", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0247d3bc-984d-4bbc-b279-7c7367e1f723" }, { "id": "4c2ef70e-db5c-4a40-a9ed-7018ad990012", "code": "PAI-4C2EF70E", "force": "City of Fayetteville (North Carolina)", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "North Carolina", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "City council votes; an independent evaluation reviewed by the council in September 2025", "notes": "SoundThinking announced coverage extended through 2029 in the fiscal 2027 budget during the second quarter of 2026. The renewal is a company statement.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. CityView NC reported on 8 September 2025 that the council voted 8-2 to renew ShotSpotter for one year at $220,500 (the article also gives $220,000), after voting 8-2 on 2 September to accept an independent evaluation by researchers at the Wilson Center for Science and Justice at Duke Law, which found that \"only a quarter\" of alerts not tied to a 911 call could be linked to confirmed gunfire. No Fayetteville source confirming the extension \"through 2029\" described above was found, so it is still known only from the vendor's press release.", "source": "CityView NC, 8 September 2025; SoundThinking press release, 2 July 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://www.cityviewnc.com/stories/fayetteville-city-council-votes-8-2-to-renew-shotspotter-for-another-year/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/4c2ef70e-db5c-4a40-a9ed-7018ad990012" }, { "id": "ac7445ca-f16d-45c4-86c2-1778efdfffe3", "code": "PAI-AC7445CA", "force": "Colorado Springs Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Colorado", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Axon (Prepared)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "An AI agent began answering the department's non-emergency line in September 2026 after testing that began in April 2026.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Colorado Politics reported on 23 September 2026 that the supplier is \"Prepared AI by Axon\", at $170,000 a year, and that the assistant, named S.A.R.A.H. (Service Assessment and Response Assistance Helper), began answering all non-emergency calls to the communications centre on the Tuesday before publication (22 September 2026 by inference). The article says there were four beta tests in which roughly half of non-emergency calls were completed without a human dispatcher, that callers can ask for a human, and Deputy Chief John Koch is quoted as saying a human will be involved in all processes and reviews each AI-handled call.", "source": "Colorado Politics, 23 September 2026", "source_url": "https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2026/09/23/ai-chatbot-begins-answering-colorado-springs-non-emergency-calls/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ac7445ca-f16d-45c4-86c2-1778efdfffe3" }, { "id": "95302af3-58eb-4e3f-ad4a-288e1db0dab2", "code": "PAI-95302AF3", "force": "Denver Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Colorado", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2015", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Used for more than a decade. In August 2026 the department said it would let the contract expire at the end of 2026 while it evaluates whether another vendor offers greater benefit. The department reports more than 25,000 alerts, 655 arrests and 721 firearms recovered from 2020 to 2026.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Axios Denver reported on 21 August 2026 that the department's $4.7 million contract ends on 31 December 2026, that the city has used the technology since 2015, that the system stays operational through 2026 with coverage and use shrinking as it is removed from the areas with the fewest alerts, and that the city will open bidding for new vendors and take public feedback. The department's figures are 25,217 alerts, 655 arrests and 721 firearm recoveries from 2020 to June 2026. The record remains operational until the contract ends; a later source is needed to move it to discontinued.", "source": "Denver7, 20 August 2026; Axios Denver, 21 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.denver7.com/news/front-range/denver/denver-police-letting-shotspotter-contract-expire-after-more-than-a-decade-of-gunshot-detection", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/95302af3-58eb-4e3f-ad4a-288e1db0dab2" }, { "id": "a75a39a2-7854-4d93-a5d7-84138682e305", "code": "PAI-A75A39A2", "force": "Excelsior Springs Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Missouri", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Excelsior Springs City Council ordinance, October 2026", "notes": "KCTV5 reported on 19 October 2026 that the Excelsior Springs city council had unanimously approved an ordinance that Monday, 19 October 2026, to terminate the city's contract with Flock Safety. Mayor Sonya Morgan said public works crews would put bags over the town's 15 cameras on the Tuesday morning, 20 October. The ordinance is intended to halt funding to Flock under its master services agreement from fiscal year 2027, and the city manager must end the agreement within 30 days. The source gives no start date for the city's use of Flock.", "source": "KCTV5, 19 October 2026", "source_url": "https://kctv5.com/2026/10/20/excelsior-springs-votes-terminate-flock-contract", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a75a39a2-7854-4d93-a5d7-84138682e305" }, { "id": "9771d6d1-15ca-4c11-b27c-61d876ea67d2", "code": "PAI-9771D6D1", "force": "Florida Department of Corrections", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Florida", "technology": "AI Prison Communications Monitoring (Verus)", "technology_slug": "ai-prison-communications-monitoring", "vendor": "LEO Technologies (Verus)", "vendor_slug": "leo-technologies", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute; US courts have given wide scope to surveil prisoner calls for safety/crime prevention; all parties are notified calls are monitored", "oversight": "None identified externally", "notes": "Florida DOC paid $2.5m from August 2023 for up to 50 million minutes a year of call transcription and analysis by LEO Technologies' Verus, which transcribes prisoner calls with Amazon Transcribe and flags calls for investigators using keyword and semantic analysis. The company extended Verus in August 2026 into continuous voice-identity tracking and AI video analysis for facility monitoring.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Correction to sourcing: the Thomson Reuters Foundation article of 16 November 2021 cited above does not mention the Florida Department of Corrections. The contract figures come from the Tampa Bay Times, republished by GovTech on 20 September 2023, which reported monitoring beginning in August 2023 under a $2.5 million contract with LEO Technologies that ran to 30 June of the following year and allowed up to 50 million minutes, and that the department declined to say how the technology is used or how many minutes had been recorded, citing a public records exemption for surveillance techniques. No source read shows what happened after the contract term in June 2024, so continued use in 2026 is not confirmed. The company announced new voice-identification and video-analytics products on 3 August 2026 (Biometric Update); the article names no Florida customer. Correctional News reported on 14 May 2026 that the Federal Bureau of Prisons had chosen LEO Technologies for a five-year contract worth more than $106 million.", "source": "Tampa Bay Times, republished by GovTech, 20 September 2023; Biometric Update, 3 August 2026; Correctional News, 14 May 2026", "source_url": "https://www.govtech.com/public-safety/florida-uses-ai-to-monitor-transcribe-inmate-calls", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/9771d6d1-15ca-4c11-b27c-61d876ea67d2" }, { "id": "753b8c7c-733b-4adc-8261-9d5eba03efcb", "code": "PAI-753B8C7C", "force": "Fort Worth Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Texas", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Axon (Prepared)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "company", "evidence_is_claim": true, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Axon's 911-division chief executive told Officer.com in August 2026 that in Fort Worth the platform handles non-emergency calls fully autonomously, thousands a month with no human call-taker. This is a vendor statement in trade press, not a Fort Worth city source, and is recorded as a claim.", "source": "Officer.com, August 2026 (Axon executive)", "source_url": "https://www.officer.com/command-hq/technology/communications/dispatch-technology/article/55391314/reimagining-911", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/753b8c7c-733b-4adc-8261-9d5eba03efcb" }, { "id": "a7dd8f8d-ee85-4a57-8ec2-2402d152ecf9", "code": "PAI-A7DD8F8D", "force": "Fresno Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "AI-assisted police report writing", "technology_slug": "ai-report-writing", "vendor": "Axon (Draft One)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "California Senate Bill 524 (Chapter 587, Statutes of 2025, approved 10 October 2025) requires each law enforcement agency to adopt a policy on AI-generated reports, including disclosure on the report, officer signature, retention of the first draft and an audit trail", "oversight": "", "notes": "Fresno began using Draft One shortly before Axon launched it publicly in April 2024, initially in a limited number of incidents and only for misdemeanour cases, with felony cases planned from 2025.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. California Senate Bill 524 (Chapter 587, Statutes of 2025) was approved by the Governor on 10 October 2025 and, as reported by CalMatters and local press, applies from 2026. According to the bill digest, each law enforcement agency must adopt a policy for reports generated fully or partly by AI; the report must identify each AI program used and state that it was written \"either fully or in part using artificial intelligence\"; the officer must sign to verify that they reviewed it; the AI-generated first draft and a record of who used AI and what footage was used must be kept for as long as the report; and vendors may not share, sell or otherwise use agency data except for the agency's purposes or under a court order. A KVPR programme page of 8 September 2025 listed Fresno among places where departments are \"piloting the tool\"; no Fresno source dated 2026 on Draft One was found.", "source": "KVPR, 15 November 2024", "source_url": "https://www.kvpr.org/government-politics/2024-11-15/ai-is-helping-fresno-police-officers-write-their-reports-could-it-outperform-them", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a7dd8f8d-ee85-4a57-8ec2-2402d152ecf9" }, { "id": "c11f2a1e-e4d6-477f-b83b-3dde52956ecd", "code": "PAI-C11F2A1E", "force": "Harrisonburg Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Virginia", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Harrisonburg City Council voted 4-0 to end the city's contract with Flock Safety at its meeting reported on 29 July 2026; the city manager said the systems would \"go dark on Friday\". The Northern Virginia Daily reports that the city's 31 Flock licence plate readers were deactivated on 31 July 2026, when the contract ended, and taken down by city staff; the city had entered the contract in 2023. The council did not give its reasons; the local Deflock Harrisonburg group had campaigned against the cameras.", "source": "29News (WVIR), 29 July 2026; Northern Virginia Daily", "source_url": "https://www.29news.com/2026/07/29/harrisonburg-city-council-votes-end-contract-with-flock-safety/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/c11f2a1e-e4d6-477f-b83b-3dde52956ecd" }, { "id": "c5700ba0-7dd9-46a2-97a2-56971eb84f1b", "code": "PAI-C5700BA0", "force": "ICE Homeland Security Investigations", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "AI Social Media Monitoring", "technology_slug": "ai-social-media-monitoring", "vendor": "Zignal Labs (via Carahsoft)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "A five-year, $5.7m contract for Zignal Labs licences, made public in September 2025, for \"real-time data analysis for criminal investigations\". The vendor says the platform uses AI to analyse more than 8 billion posts a day; that figure is a company claim.", "source": "The Lever, 23 October 2025", "source_url": "https://www.levernews.com/ice-just-bought-a-social-media-surveillance-botice-just-bought-a-social-media-surveillance-bot/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/c5700ba0-7dd9-46a2-97a2-56971eb84f1b" }, { "id": "e77dcb2b-0730-4be9-999f-54e1811536be", "code": "PAI-E77DCB2B", "force": "Lakeland Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Florida", "technology": "AI-assisted police report writing", "technology_slug": "ai-report-writing", "vendor": "Axon", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "On 5 October 2026 the city commission voted 7-0 for a ten-year, $21.98m sole-source Axon agreement that includes the \"AI Era Plan\" for drafting reports, translation, transcription and case summaries. Recorded as proposed until a source confirms use.", "source": "DroneXL, 5 October 2026", "source_url": "https://dronexl.co/2026/10/05/lakeland-police-axon-dfr-drones-22m-immigration-grant/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e77dcb2b-0730-4be9-999f-54e1811536be" }, { "id": "d553f132-4a04-4569-bef6-b31ad8610277", "code": "PAI-D553F132", "force": "Lakeland Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Florida", "technology": "Drone as First Responder", "technology_slug": "drone-first-responder", "vendor": "Axon (Axon Air)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The ten-year Axon agreement approved on 5 October 2026 includes Axon Air drone-as-first-responder aircraft (two or three docked drones, sources differ). Recorded as proposed until a source confirms flights.", "source": "DroneXL, 5 October 2026", "source_url": "https://dronexl.co/2026/10/05/lakeland-police-axon-dfr-drones-22m-immigration-grant/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d553f132-4a04-4569-bef6-b31ad8610277" }, { "id": "28dd36e9-a5f0-4a99-b3c3-aede023baf99", "code": "PAI-28DD36E9", "force": "Lompoc Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Hyper (Motorola Solutions)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "February 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Adopted Hyper for non-emergency calls, as reported in February 2026. The police chief's claim that dispatch staffing fell by 66% is his own figure and is not verified.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The Santa Maria Sun reported on 12 February 2026 that the department began using Hyper on 10 February 2026 for calls to its non-emergency business line; 911 calls are still answered by a human dispatcher, the voice-based software works in multiple languages, handles minor incidents such as petty theft, parking, fireworks and loitering, and should hand off to a human if uncertain or if a caller is distressed. Hyper's chief operating officer said Lompoc was the first Central Coast agency to use it. That article does not contain the chief's 66 per cent staffing claim mentioned above, and gives no cost or council approval.", "source": "Santa Maria Sun, 12 February 2026; Santa Maria Sun, 20 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.santamariasun.com/news-2/lompoc-police-department-uses-ai-tool-for-non-emergency-dispatch/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/28dd36e9-a5f0-4a99-b3c3-aede023baf99" }, { "id": "706aef05-d64c-487c-916a-996f70a25bc6", "code": "PAI-706AEF05", "force": "Los Angeles Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California and multiple US jurisdictions", "technology": "Place-Based Predictive Policing", "technology_slug": "place-based-predictive-policing", "vendor": "PredPol, renamed Geolitica in 2021", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2011", "legal_basis": "Municipal contracting; no dedicated statute", "oversight": "LAPD Office of the Inspector General reviewed the deployment", "notes": "The LAPD was the earliest adopter and co-developer, dropping the system in 2020 citing budget, after an inspector general report found it unclear whether the software affected crime trends. Geolitica has since ceased operations, with SoundThinking acquiring specific intellectual property and hiring the engineering team. A Gizmodo and Markup analysis of millions of predictions found on an unsecured server reported the software disproportionately and often relentlessly targeted low-income communities of colour.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The LAPD Office of the Inspector General's review of 12 March 2019 describes PredPol as a location-based tool used for vehicle theft and burglary or theft from a vehicle, marking 500-square-foot hotspots to which officers are sent as \"missions\", with no information about individuals. The Inspector General said it was \"difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the system in reducing vehicle or other crime\", and found discrepancies between the dosage figures held in Palantir and on the PredPol site. The department announced in April 2020 that it would let its nine-year agreement expire; Chief Michel Moore cited cost projections of hundreds of thousands of dollars and said the money was better directed to \"other more central activities\"; civil liberties campaigners disputed this, and Hamid Khan of the Stop LAPD Spying Coalition credited community organising.", "source": "LAPD Office of the Inspector General, review of data-driven policing strategies, 12 March 2019; The Next Web, 22 April 2020", "source_url": "https://www.oig.lacity.org/_files/ugd/b2dd23_21f6fe20f1b84c179abf440d4c049219.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/706aef05-d64c-487c-916a-996f70a25bc6" }, { "id": "0ccbb774-bfcb-4820-8f45-3d54853373dc", "code": "PAI-0CCBB774", "force": "Los Angeles Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition)", "technology_slug": "anpr", "vendor": "Axon", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "A three-month, no-cost pilot of Axon plate-reader cameras on city streetlights. The city council paused it on 9 October 2026; on 27 October a vote to veto it failed 9-6, short of the ten votes needed, so it can proceed. A separate ten-year, $235m Axon contract covering body cameras, Tasers and plate readers for about 1,600 vehicles awaits council approval.", "source": "LAist, 27 October 2026", "source_url": "https://laist.com/news/politics/la-city-council-allows-lapd-axon-automated-license-plate-reader-pilot-program", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0ccbb774-bfcb-4820-8f45-3d54853373dc" }, { "id": "afeb1b05-a401-4ce4-aa52-4b398157c66d", "code": "PAI-AFEB1B05", "force": "Los Angeles Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "AI Image Geolocation", "technology_slug": "image-geolocation", "vendor": "Graylark Technologies (Raven)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "proposed", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Named by 404 Media as having bought access to Raven (formerly GeoSpy), which estimates where a photo was taken, including which listed property an interior photo shows. How often it is used is not published.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. 404 Media reported on 12 February 2026, from internal police emails it obtained, that the Miami-Dade Sheriff's Office and the Los Angeles Police Department had bought access to GeoSpy, the tool since renamed Raven by its maker Graylark Technologies; it described these as the first confirmed purchases by law enforcement. The only email quoted, from the sheriff's office Cyber Crimes Bureau, says it \"is piloting a new analytical tool called GeoSpy\" and that early testing \"shows promise for developing investigative leads\". 404 Media's article of 12 October 2026 repeats that both departments bought access to Raven; neither article gives a contract, date or usage figure for either department, and no email from the Los Angeles Police Department is quoted. Because the only evidence is a purchase, with no source showing use, the status is corrected in November 2026 from operational to proposed.", "source": "404 Media, 12 February 2026 and 12 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.404media.co/cops-are-buying-geospy-ai-that-geolocates-photos-in-seconds/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/afeb1b05-a401-4ce4-aa52-4b398157c66d" }, { "id": "06646e9a-bfac-48dc-a209-43d031e8c6d7", "code": "PAI-06646E9A", "force": "Lynchburg Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Virginia", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Lynchburg City Council resolution of 3 September 2026, kept after rival resolutions were voted down the following week", "notes": "Lynchburg City Council adopted a resolution by Councilman Chris Faraldi on Thursday 3 September 2026 to end the city's Flock Safety contract and licence agreement, keep the cameras offline in the meantime and remove all Flock technology when the agreement expires in April 2027. WSET reported the first vote as 6-1 with the vice mayor absent and a later report as 6-0-1; the sources differ on the tally. At a meeting on Tuesday 8 September the council voted down alternative resolutions by Councilman Martin Misjuns and Councilwoman Jacqueline Timmer that would have forced earlier removal; WSET's report cites a Flock email to the police department putting the cost of removal before 6 April 2027 at $500 a device, about $34,500 in all. The city has 15 fixed Falcon plate-reading cameras and Flock gunshot detection devices (55 in the first report, 54 in the second), which are a separate technology not recorded here. The police department had paused use a few weeks before the first vote, and Police Chief Ken Edwards said the department \"will comply fully\".", "source": "WSET (ABC 13), 4 September and 9 September 2026", "source_url": "https://wset.com/news/local/lynchburg-ends-flock-contract-but-camera-debate-isnt-over-city-council-flock-safety-september-2026", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/06646e9a-bfac-48dc-a209-43d031e8c6d7" }, { "id": "550c9341-8cdf-43f8-a24c-67083c1792cb", "code": "PAI-550C9341", "force": "Macon-Bibb County Sheriff's Office", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Georgia", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "February 2022", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "SoundThinking announced a three-year renewal covering 7 square miles during the second quarter of 2026. The renewal is a company statement.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. Macon-Bibb County reported on 17 September 2021 that the Commission unanimously appropriated $1.97 million of American Rescue Plan funds for an agreement with ShotSpotter. 13WMAZ reported that the system was due to go live on Thursday 24 February (2022), and WGXA reported on 30 June 2023 that the devices cover about 7 of the county's 255 square miles under a four-year, $2 million contract, with more than 8,000 shots detected in the first year. The 2026 renewal described above is still known only from the vendor's press release; no commission record of it was found.", "source": "WGXA, 30 June 2023; Macon-Bibb County news item, 17 September 2021; SoundThinking press release, 2 July 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://wgxa.tv/news/project-macon/project-macon-06-30-2023", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/550c9341-8cdf-43f8-a24c-67083c1792cb" }, { "id": "0e8e5722-f806-4544-8929-f077751794cd", "code": "PAI-0E8E5722", "force": "Massachusetts State Police", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Massachusetts", "technology": "Teleoperated ground robot (Boston Dynamics Spot)", "technology_slug": "police-ground-robots", "vendor": "Boston Dynamics", "vendor_slug": "boston-dynamics", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "None stated", "oversight": "None identified; the ACLU of Massachusetts previously demanded disclosure of the force's Spot testing", "notes": "The Bomb Squad operates two Spot platforms alongside its Special Tactical Operations Team, sending them to barricaded-suspect and potential hostage incidents, to investigate suspicious packages and to help secure crowded events, feeding situational awareness back to troopers and the incident commander so people do not have to approach on foot. Deployments have included a barricaded-suspect shooting scene in Danvers, Boston's Independence Day celebration and the Boston Marathon.\n\nSpot is a teleoperated mobility platform carrying cameras, roughly 75 pounds and costing around 100,000 dollars, not an autonomous decision-making system. The NYPD separately suspended Spot in 2021 after public backlash, then acquired two units in 2023.", "source": "Bloomberg; Boston Globe; Police1", "source_url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-18/boston-dynamic-robot-dogs-increasingly-used-by-police-departments", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0e8e5722-f806-4544-8929-f077751794cd" }, { "id": "192c6df2-e8ea-42d6-9a1b-77df76f3a766", "code": "PAI-192C6DF2", "force": "Metropolitan Police Department (Washington, D.C.)", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Washington, D.C.", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "Clearview AI", "vendor_slug": "clearview-ai", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2026", "legal_basis": "No facial-recognition-specific statute identified. No federal legislation mandating disclosure in criminal proceedings (the proposed Justice in Forensic Algorithms Act) has passed.", "oversight": "DC Superior Court order (7 July 2026, Judge Neal Kravitz) compelling prosecutorial disclosure of the identification pipeline in one specific case; no standing regulatory oversight body identified", "notes": "A Metropolitan Police Department investigation into a non-fatal shooting on 8 June 2026 near Howard University led to the arrest of Marquis Foster, 43, on 1 July, charged with assault with intent to kill while armed. Investigators identified Foster by feeding surveillance footage from the crime scene into Clearview AI, which matches a submitted image against a database the company describes as holding public photographs scraped from social media and other websites. Sources differ on the database's scale: DC Witness, reporting directly from the court, states over 30 billion images; Biometric Update's coverage of the same proceedings states more than 70 billion. Both figures are reported here rather than resolved.\n\nDC Superior Court Judge Neal Kravitz ordered prosecutors on 7 July 2026 to disclose to both the court and the defence exactly how the technology was used, after defence counsel Elizabeth Weller told the hearing she had not previously encountered the process. The parties were scheduled to reconvene on 22 July. The order does not itself rule on the admissibility or reliability of the identification; it compels disclosure of the identification pipeline, which civil liberties attorneys have described as an opaque, multi-step process that is difficult to challenge without exactly this kind of order.\n\nThis is reported as part of a wider pattern: US commentators identify at least eight documented wrongful arrests attributed to facial recognition in 2026, including cases in Florida and Nevada involving different vendors and forces, though the Foster case itself does not allege a wrongful identification, only seeks transparency into how the identification was made. No federal legislation comparable to the proposed Justice in Forensic Algorithms Act, which would mandate disclosure in criminal proceedings nationally, has passed.", "source": "DC Witness; Biometric Update", "source_url": "https://dcwitness.org/judge-orders-information-on-new-ai-facial-recognition-used-to-identify-shooting-defendant/", "last_checked": "2026-09-03", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/192c6df2-e8ea-42d6-9a1b-77df76f3a766" }, { "id": "48f49632-0813-4149-9ffe-504443500da9", "code": "PAI-48F49632", "force": "Miami-Dade Sheriff's Office", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Florida", "technology": "AI Image Geolocation", "technology_slug": "image-geolocation", "vendor": "Graylark Technologies (Raven)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "trial", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Named by 404 Media as having bought access to Raven (formerly GeoSpy), which estimates where a photo was taken, including which listed property an interior photo shows. How often it is used is not published.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. 404 Media reported on 12 February 2026, from internal police emails it obtained, that the Miami-Dade Sheriff's Office and the Los Angeles Police Department had bought access to GeoSpy, the tool since renamed Raven by its maker Graylark Technologies; it described these as the first confirmed purchases by law enforcement. The only email quoted, from the sheriff's office Cyber Crimes Bureau, says it \"is piloting a new analytical tool called GeoSpy\" and that early testing \"shows promise for developing investigative leads\". 404 Media's article of 12 October 2026 repeats that both departments bought access to Raven; neither article gives a contract, date or usage figure for either department. Because the sheriff's office email describes a pilot in progress, the status is corrected in November 2026 from operational to trial; no source shows whether the pilot became routine use.", "source": "404 Media, 12 February 2026 and 12 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.404media.co/cops-are-buying-geospy-ai-that-geolocates-photos-in-seconds/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/48f49632-0813-4149-9ffe-504443500da9" }, { "id": "b51e6078-8ce9-4af0-ab38-23af84ce6f16", "code": "PAI-B51E6078", "force": "Milwaukee Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Wisconsin", "technology": "Retrospective Facial Recognition", "technology_slug": "retrospective-facial-recognition", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "paused", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The department acknowledged in April 2025 that it had used facial recognition for two to three years without a written policy, through other agencies' licences. Chief Jeffrey Norman halted its use in February 2026 under a moratorium: members may not use it and the department will not consider acquiring it until a policy is developed with the Fire and Police Commission. A proposed agreement with Biometrica was not finalised. The police union has challenged the pause.", "source": "Wisconsin Watch / Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service, 13 September 2026", "source_url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/09/milwaukee-facial-recognition-technology-police-department-ban-criminal-justice-system/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b51e6078-8ce9-4af0-ab38-23af84ce6f16" }, { "id": "f1c2ea5fef033721", "code": "PAI-F1C2EA5F", "force": "Mountain View Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2024", "legal_basis": "City council authorisation", "oversight": "City council vote following public disclosure", "notes": "Mountain View ran a Flock Safety automated licence plate reader pilot of 30 leased cameras, the first installed in August 2024 and the last in January 2026, according to the Mountain View Voice. Police Chief Mike Canfield disclosed to the council in January 2026 that unauthorised agencies had searched the city's plate data for more than a year; the Voice's own investigation put this at over 250 unapproved agencies and roughly 600,000 searches between December 2024 and December 2025, and the chief acknowledged that out-of-state access in late 2024 breached city policy and state law. The city states that a police-initiated audit found federal and state law enforcement agencies had accessed the data in breach of its approved policies.\n\nThe chief switched off all 30 cameras on 2 February 2026. On 24 February 2026 the council voted unanimously to end the contract with Flock Safety; the city says the cameras \"will be removed as soon as possible\". The city had paid $154,650 under the contract by then, per the staff report cited by the Voice. Flock told the Voice it had changed its California platform to block out-of-state searches.\n\nIncluded as a specific, well-documented instance of a US agency withdrawing a deployment after an oversight failure, distinct from the wider Flock Safety entry tracked separately. Correction in November 2026: the earlier record gave the start year as 2022 and described the disclosure as made in February 2026; the sources read give August 2024 for the first camera and January 2026 for the disclosure. The cameras were not yet confirmed physically removed in the sources read.", "source": "City of Mountain View, news item on the Flock Safety licence plate reader pilot, February 2026; Mountain View Voice, 25 February 2026", "source_url": "https://www.mountainview.gov/Home/Components/News/News/1211/284", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f1c2ea5fef033721" }, { "id": "cad955e1-4995-4fe6-a4bb-fcd02becd035", "code": "PAI-CAD955E1", "force": "New Orleans Police Department (via Project NOLA)", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "technology": "Private live facial recognition network", "technology_slug": "private-lfr-networks", "vendor": "Project NOLA (private non-profit operator)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "paused", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "New Orleans city ordinance restricting police facial recognition; the ACLU alleges the department's use breached it", "oversight": "New Orleans City Council; ACLU of Louisiana investigation; the 2022 city ordinance restricting police facial recognition", "notes": "Project NOLA is a private non-profit founded in 2009 by a former police officer, based on the University of New Orleans campus, acting as a hub for live video from thousands of cameras on private volunteer properties whose owners pay annual connectivity fees. Around 200 of the most sophisticated cameras run live facial recognition, continuously matching passers-by against hot lists of roughly 250 individuals. An automated voice alerts staff on a match; staff review and relay information to police once an evidentiary threshold is judged met, including unsolicited tips.\n\nFrom early 2023 until April 2025 the police department received real-time facial recognition alerts from a network of over 5,000 cameras, more than 200 facial-recognition equipped, despite city restrictions. The department suspended the real-time alert partnership pending a legal compliance review; the camera network was later reopened to police while facial recognition alerts stayed suspended. The City Council has moved towards an ordinance that would make New Orleans the first US city to formally authorise this form of facial recognition policing.\n\nRecorded as paused to reflect that the camera access continues while the facial recognition alerting does not.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The council ordinance mentioned above, which would have widened police access to facial recognition, was reported by ID Tech on 24 September 2025 to have been withdrawn after several delays, and the ACLU says the council declined to pass a law endorsing Project NOLA; it is not in force, so the earlier wording that the council had \"moved towards\" authorising it is out of date. Verite News reported on 2 December 2025 that Project NOLA suspended the police department's camera access on 29 September 2025 after footage was given to a television production company, that access (excluding facial recognition) was restored after a meeting on 4 November, and that Project NOLA still passed facial recognition information to officers manually. The ACLU's article of 29 April 2026 cites emails from November 2025 showing officers sending photographs to Project NOLA's founder after the department's claimed pause, says there is no direct proof the live system is still running but that it is \"reasonable to presume\" use continues, and says the department dismissed complaints on the footing that such requests were not a \"use\" of facial recognition. The record therefore stays paused: the automatic alerts were suspended, and the extent of continuing manual use is disputed.", "source": "NPR, 16 December 2025; Verite News, 2 December 2025; ID Tech, 24 September 2025; ACLU, 29 April 2026", "source_url": "https://www.npr.org/2025/12/16/nx-s1-5616681/new-orleans-live-facial-recognition-surveillance", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/cad955e1-4995-4fe6-a4bb-fcd02becd035" }, { "id": "bef2fb4b-cb2d-40f7-a302-5ad8cc3b6e86", "code": "PAI-BEF2FB4B", "force": "New York City Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "New York City", "technology": "Drone as First Responder", "technology_slug": "drone-first-responder", "vendor": "Skydio", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "company", "evidence_is_claim": true, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "Federal Aviation Administration waiver permitting flight beyond visual line of sight across much of New York City with no visual observer, up to 200 feet above ground level or within 50 feet of structures", "oversight": "Federal Aviation Administration waiver conditions; no dedicated civil liberties oversight identified", "notes": "A drone is launched to a call for service ahead of officers, with a remote pilot flying the whole mission and no personnel on scene. Live video streams to responding officers and evidence is captured from overhead. Onboard autonomy avoids obstacles, and traffic alerting warns the operator of low-flying crewed aircraft.\n\nThe FAA waiver is the enabling factor rather than the technology itself, which is why the regulatory position is recorded here in as much detail as the capability. Chula Vista Police Department in California has received authorisation for low-altitude close-proximity emergency operations, and Redmond Police Department in Washington has launched a programme. In March 2026 Skydio announced that 12 public safety agencies had received FAA approval for one pilot to fly up to four drones beyond visual line of sight.", "source": "Skydio; Federal Aviation Administration approvals", "source_url": "https://www.skydio.com/blog/faa-issues-revolutionary-approval-to-nypd-to-conduct-drone-as-first-responder-operations", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/bef2fb4b-cb2d-40f7-a302-5ad8cc3b6e86" }, { "id": "845ee98c-4e01-4ad8-bcd6-263eaefe90f9", "code": "PAI-845EE98C", "force": "New York City Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "New York City", "technology": "Autonomous security patrol robot (Knightscope K5)", "technology_slug": "police-ground-robots", "vendor": "Knightscope", "vendor_slug": "knightscope", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Municipal contracting", "oversight": "None identified", "notes": "A self-driving camera-equipped patrol robot deployed in Times Square subway station, accompanied by police officers, as a trial of crime prevention effectiveness. Leased at 9 dollars an hour under a seven-month contract worth 12,250 dollars. The NYPD retired the robot in January after four months deployed and confirmed the pilot was complete.\n\nHuntington Park Police Department in California renewed a Knightscope contract for a sixth year in August 2024, though that detail is vendor-sourced and carries lower confidence.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. ABC7 New York reported on 2 February 2024 that the robot had \"completed its test run\" in the subway and was no longer in use, so the retirement referred to above was in January 2024. The report says K5 was introduced in April 2023 and deployed in September 2023 with Mayor Eric Adams, could not climb stairs and so could not pass the station mezzanine, and was accompanied by officers throughout; the city said it was reviewing options for its next deployment.", "source": "ABC7 New York, 2 February 2024; Knightscope contract announcement, 13 April 2023", "source_url": "https://abc7ny.com/nypd-robot-security-k5-subway-patrol/14381116/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/845ee98c-4e01-4ad8-bcd6-263eaefe90f9" }, { "id": "b45479d2-610e-42f7-847a-e7695ce1620d", "code": "PAI-B45479D2", "force": "New York City Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "New York City", "technology": "AI weapons detection screening", "technology_slug": "ai-weapons-detection", "vendor": "Evolv Technology", "vendor_slug": "evolv", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2024", "legal_basis": "City anti-violence initiative; commuters and civil rights groups argued mass subway scanning is impractical and unconstitutional", "oversight": "Evolv has faced federal investigations into its marketing by the Federal Trade Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission", "notes": "A month-long pilot across 20 subway stations, beginning at Fulton Street on 26 July, reporting 2,749 scans. It found zero firearms, produced false positives and detected some knives.\n\nThe department did not disclose how many passengers opted out or how many officers were needed to run the devices, and no agreement with Evolv had been finalised while the pilot outcomes were being assessed. Recorded as discontinued on the basis that the pilot completed with no continuing deployment established.\n\nLA Metro has run a comparable pilot at Union Station.", "source": "Associated Press", "source_url": "https://apnews.com/article/subway-gun-scanners-ai-evolv-cdabf48e727d06c21a53e42a2a7a0249", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/b45479d2-610e-42f7-847a-e7695ce1620d" }, { "id": "f6821f5f-5b8a-45c4-a1bf-9d404c2508c5", "code": "PAI-F6821F5F", "force": "Norfolk Police Department (Virginia)", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Virginia", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Amazon (named as the technology provider by WTKR; product not named)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "September 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Went live at the end of September 2026 on the non-emergency line. Calls needing police or fire go to a person, and callers can ask for an agent. Live operators handle about a third fewer non-emergency calls since launch. Virginia Beach had already introduced the same kind of system.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. WTKR reported on 18 October 2026 that the system is provided by Amazon, which it calls the technology provider without naming a product, that AI was handling over 40 per cent of non-emergency calls according to E911 manager Steven Summerlin (more than 100,000 non-emergency calls so far that year), that billing is usage-based and expected to be under $2,000 a month, and that the system works in English only. The idea came from a conference conversation with the 911 director of Charleston, South Carolina. Virginia Beach announced in March 2024 that it would add an \"AI-powered\" Amazon Connect assistant to its non-emergency line; its launch date is not stated in the city post.", "source": "WHRO, 9 October 2026; WTKR, 18 October 2026", "source_url": "https://www.whro.org/local-government/2026-10-09/261009-npdaicalls-saunders", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/f6821f5f-5b8a-45c4-a1bf-9d404c2508c5" }, { "id": "858f9929-fbad-41fe-a615-bfe1ceb8ffc8", "code": "PAI-858F9929", "force": "Orleans Parish Communication District", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "technology": "AI emergency call triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Carbyne (acquired by Axon, closed Q1 2026)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Not stated", "oversight": "None stated beyond the district's own safeguards: the default is to send any call that does not fit the narrow use case to a human; its executive director said staff \"listened to 100% of the calls for the first three months\"", "notes": "Used for periods when multiple callers report the same incident, such as a road collision. The AI assesses incoming calls and identifies those relating to an incident already known to the emergency communications centre, allowing human call-takers to prioritise calls requiring intervention. Human staff remain responsible for calls needing emergency intervention.\n\nCarbyne and the district describe the technology as having processed more than 3,500 events during a 90-day period and reduced redundant calls by more than 30 percent among the calls it triaged. These are vendor and customer reported figures rather than independently validated efficacy measures.\n\nAxon announced a definitive agreement to acquire Carbyne on 4 November 2025 for $625 million, closing in Q1 2026 per Axon's FY2025 shareholder letter. Axon separately acquired Prepared (see the AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage entry) in late 2025; the two now anchor a combined product line branded Axon 911. This concentrates a striking share of the US emergency-response AI market in one vendor -- Axon now owns Carbyne, Prepared, Fusus, Draft One and Axon body cameras.\n\nA scope note: this is an emergency communications district handling police, fire and medical calls, rather than a police force. It is included because control rooms and emergency response fall within this site's subject scope.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. In a statement posted on 8 August 2026, after widely repeated reports that AI was \"answering\" New Orleans 911 calls, the district says it uses an AI triage tool for \"a very narrow category of incoming 911 calls involving auto crashes\", only when all call-takers are busy and the caller is within a 200-metre radius of an already-reported crash; the default is to send the call to a human if it does not meet that use case, and it has \"not used it for any other category of 911 calls\". The statement does not name the vendor and says the tool has been in use \"for the past two years\"; the district announced on 20 June 2023 that it would be the first to implement Carbyne's call triage technology, planned for the fourth quarter of 2023. Fox 8 (WVUE) reported on 16 July 2026 that the programme rolled out in 2023 after workers fed it three months of actual 911 calls, and quoted the executive director, Karl Fasold, as saying \"We listened to 100% of the calls for the first three months\"; it put the cost of the contract that includes the triage system at roughly $600,000 a year. The start year is therefore corrected from 2025 to 2023; the district's own phrase (\"the past two years\") is consistent with use from 2024 at the latest.", "source": "Orleans Parish Communication District, statement posted 8 August 2026; Fox 8 (WVUE), 16 July 2026; OPCD announcement, 20 June 2023", "source_url": "https://www.opcdla.gov/opcd-responds-to-article-on-use-of-ai/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/858f9929-fbad-41fe-a615-bfe1ceb8ffc8" }, { "id": "74935c37-c82b-42e5-97c4-9acabc80212c", "code": "PAI-74935C37", "force": "Peoria Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Illinois", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2013", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "SoundThinking announced a three-year renewal covering 6 square miles during the second quarter of 2026. The renewal is a company statement.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. WCBU Peoria Public Radio reported on 28 May 2026 that the City Council unanimously approved a three-year renewal on the Tuesday of that week (26 May 2026 by inference) at an annual cost of $316,000, which WCBU describes as a 5 per cent increase in the first year that then stays flat. The system covers two zones of three square miles each, one on the southwest side in service since 2013 and one in Central Peoria added two years later. Police Chief Brad Dixon told the council it had been \"very helpful\"; the department's figures for a two-year period (2024-25) are nearly 2,000 alerts and 143 shootings detected, with 166 victims, 25 of them fatal.", "source": "WCBU Peoria Public Radio, 28 May 2026; SoundThinking press release, 2 July 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://www.wcbu.org/local-news/2026-05-28/peoria-renews-shotspotter-subscription-for-another-three-years", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/74935c37-c82b-42e5-97c4-9acabc80212c" }, { "id": "fc987dc6-8e98-47bd-b60a-cc863995fa0e", "code": "PAI-FC987DC6", "force": "Providence Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Rhode Island", "technology": "Real-Time Crime Center Camera Integration (Fusus)", "technology_slug": "real-time-crime-center-integration", "vendor": "Axon (Fusus)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Rhode Island's first real-time crime centre runs on Axon Fusus, combining security cameras, plate readers, body cameras and 911 data. The city pays $750,000 to run the system through at least July 2028, funded by a federal earmark. At launch 21 private owners had shared 145 cameras alongside 145 city-owned cameras.", "source": "Rhode Island Current, via Ocean State Media, 21 August 2025", "source_url": "https://www.oceanstatemedia.org/politics/providence-opens-rhode-islands-first-real-time-crime-center", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/fc987dc6-8e98-47bd-b60a-cc863995fa0e" }, { "id": "e8e30309-fd91-45e2-93e1-291b6f71659c", "code": "PAI-E8E30309", "force": "Richland County Sheriff's Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "South Carolina", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2022", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "SoundThinking announced a three-year renewal covering 8 square miles during the second quarter of 2026. The renewal is a company statement.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. WIS-TV reported on 7 May 2024, from sheriff's department data, that alerts go to deputies' vehicles, that the first contract year ran from October 2022 to December 2023 with 1,230 alerts of which 40 were false positives, and that from April 2023 to March 2024 there were 1,506 alerts and 18 false positives. The 2026 renewal described above is still known only from the vendor's press release; no county record of it was found.", "source": "WIS-TV, 7 May 2024; SoundThinking press release, 2 July 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://www.wistv.com/2024/05/07/rcsd-provides-shotspotter-data-since-start-new-contract/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/e8e30309-fd91-45e2-93e1-291b6f71659c" }, { "id": "a57066f5-6a01-46d3-b5ee-d88855a3603a", "code": "PAI-A57066F5", "force": "Santa Maria Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "California", "technology": "AI Emergency and Non-Emergency Call Triage", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Hyper (Motorola Solutions)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "October 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The city council approved Hyper, an AI responder for the non-emergency line in 18 or more languages, on 4 August 2026 at about $305,000 over three years. It transfers distressed callers to a dispatcher. The first phase was reported launched in late October 2026.", "source": "Santa Maria Sun, 20 August 2026", "source_url": "https://www.santamariasun.com/news-2/ai-to-assist-santa-maria-police-with-nonemergency-calls/", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/a57066f5-6a01-46d3-b5ee-d88855a3603a" }, { "id": "4ddf248b-abd7-4273-a05c-ea1403e3d04b", "code": "PAI-4DDF248B", "force": "Seattle Fire Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Seattle, Washington", "technology": "AI emergency medical call analysis", "technology_slug": "ai-emergency-call-triage", "vendor": "Corti (Denmark)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Not established; reporting has questioned whether the deployment was reviewed under Seattle's surveillance technology framework", "oversight": "Seattle surveillance technology framework, with reporting questioning whether it was applied; the City Council public safety committee questioned the Fire Department on 8 September 2026; the mayor's office says it is developing a public AI governance framework; the University of Washington is reported to be evaluating effectiveness", "notes": "Analyses emergency medical 911 calls in real time, providing prompts to dispatchers and assisting decisions about whether particular callers should be routed towards a nurse-staffed service rather than receive an immediate ambulance response. In use since December 2023.\n\nThis is a more consequential application than transcription, and the distinction matters: the AI output influences emergency response prioritisation rather than merely recording what was said. Documented governance concerns centre on the absence of public disclosure and review under the city's surveillance technology framework, though these derive from investigative reporting rather than a regulator's finding.\n\nAs with the New Orleans entry, this is a fire department rather than a police force, included because emergency response and control rooms fall within this site's scope.\n\nOn the department's own effectiveness claim, the two figures it has given do not agree. A 2024 Corti press release quoted SFD Medical Director Michael Sayre crediting the technology with a 50% increase in 911 calls routed to the nurse line; a Fire Department spokesperson later corrected that to 32%. Neither figure has been independently verified. The department also confirmed the system had run without disclosure to callers and without public review, and self-determined that it did not qualify for review under Seattle's 2017 surveillance ordinance.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. EMS1 reported on 10 September 2026 that Councilmember Bob Kettle, chair of the public safety committee, questioned Fire Chief Harold Scoggins at the committee's meeting on Tuesday 8 September about the AI prompts and the nurse line. Officials said the University of Washington is evaluating effectiveness, without detail, and that Corti cannot use Seattle calls to train its other models; the department had no outcome metrics as of May 2026. Chief Scoggins told the committee that the decision to send a caller to the nurse line, which the city's ambulance contractor AMR operates from Texas, \"still rests with the dispatcher\". The earlier Seattle Times investigation, as reported by GeekWire, quoted Assistant Chief Chris Lombard as saying dispatchers \"retain final authority over every call\" and reported that the mayor's administration is developing a public-facing AI governance framework. No pause or end to the use was reported.", "source": "Seattle Times investigation, via GovTech and GeekWire; EMS1 (Seattle Times), 10 September 2026", "source_url": "https://www.govtech.com/em/safety/questions-arise-as-ai-analyzes-redirects-seattle-911-calls", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/4ddf248b-abd7-4273-a05c-ea1403e3d04b" }, { "id": "12790cc1-eb37-4c5e-b038-887e80026597", "code": "PAI-12790CC1", "force": "Sheboygan Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Wisconsin", "technology": "Flock Safety ALPR", "technology_slug": "flock-safety-alpr", "vendor": "Flock Safety", "vendor_slug": "flock-safety", "programme": "", "status": "discontinued", "stage": "withdrawn", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Sheboygan Common Council vote, September 2026", "notes": "WBAY reported on 9 September 2026 that the Sheboygan Common Council voted unanimously to end the city's contract with Flock Safety, as confirmed by Mayor Ryan Sorenson, who expected to sign the measure that day. The city had covered all 15 of its Flock cameras in August while it moved towards ending the agreement, and the contract is to end at the end of the year. The mayor said the city found contract violations involving data management and cited concerns about managing and sharing the data. The source does not say whether the cameras will be removed, and does not give the exact date of the vote or when use began.", "source": "WBAY, 9 September 2026", "source_url": "https://www.wbay.com/2026/09/09/sheboygan-votes-end-flock-contract-amid-data-concerns/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/12790cc1-eb37-4c5e-b038-887e80026597" }, { "id": "8e639952-87d5-4c99-8942-42192cc2d550", "code": "PAI-8E639952", "force": "Thurston County Pretrial Services", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Washington", "technology": "Public Safety Assessment (PSA)", "technology_slug": "us-criminal-justice-risk-assessment", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "Advancing Pretrial Policy and Research (APPR)", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "Judicial officers keep authority over detention, release and conditions; the county says it plans to evaluate local data and pretrial outcomes", "notes": "Thurston County, Washington, announced the official launch of the Public Safety Assessment, described as a nationally validated pretrial risk tool that researchers at RTI International validated on the county's population. Pretrial Services staff complete it for adults booked into the county jail who are coming before the court for a release decision, and judicial officers, prosecutors and defence counsel use the result as one input. The county states that the tool does not make decisions. It was implemented under the national Advancing Pretrial Policy and Research initiative. The county's page is undated; The Chronicle of Centralia reported the launch announcement on 2 October 2023, so the start is given as 2023. No later source on its use was found.", "source": "Thurston County government news release (undated); The Chronicle (Centralia), 2 October 2023", "source_url": "https://thurstoncountywa.gov/news/thurston-county-launches-pretrial-assessment-improve-pretrial-system", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/8e639952-87d5-4c99-8942-42192cc2d550" }, { "id": "819373fa-8d19-4255-9c09-3bf932a56b36", "code": "PAI-819373FA", "force": "TRM Labs", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "", "technology": "Police Data Integration and Link Analysis Platforms", "technology_slug": "police-data-integration-platforms", "vendor": "TRM Labs (Ardence)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "developing", "stage": "horizon", "evidence": "company", "evidence_is_claim": true, "since": "October 2026", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Launched on 13 October 2026 as an \"AI-native investigation platform\" for government investigators, combining intelligence from more than 60 partners, searching sources in parallel and linking each finding to its source, with drafting of legal process and asset-freeze requests. The company says it is used across law enforcement, defence and the private sector but names no police customer.", "source": "TRM Labs press release, 13 October 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/trm-launches-ardence-ai-investigation-platform", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/819373fa-8d19-4255-9c09-3bf932a56b36" }, { "id": "23a25959-a2de-42e3-9dfd-6dd18b0cda23", "code": "PAI-23A25959", "force": "US Customs and Border Protection", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "United States, air land and sea ports of entry", "technology": "Traveler Verification Service facial matching", "technology_slug": "border-biometric-systems", "vendor": "US Customs and Border Protection (cloud-based; commercial vendor not named)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2017", "legal_basis": "Statutory mandate on the Department of Homeland Security to build an integrated automated entry and exit system matching biographic and biometric records of noncitizens; since 26 December 2025 a DHS final rule (90 FR 48604, 27 October 2025, amending 8 CFR parts 215 and 235) allows photographing all noncitizens on entry and exit at all ports", "oversight": "Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General", "notes": "Captures a live photo of the traveller, taken by CBP or an approved airline, airport or cruise partner, and compares it against passport, US visa or other DHS-held photographs. A match verifies identity and the system flags people who may be inadmissible, including visa overstays. On non-match the traveller goes through traditional inspection, and US citizens and eligible foreign nationals may opt out and request a manual document check.\n\nCBP told Congress it had processed over 193 million travellers with facial biometrics, confirmed more than 163,000 visa overstays and prevented over 1,500 imposters from entering.\n\nThe effectiveness evidence is mixed and both sides are recorded here. A DHS Office of Inspector General review found that between May 2019 and September 2021, CBP officers referred around 23,000 travellers aged 14 and over to secondary inspection when photos could not be matched. Separate reporting found CBP scanned over 23 million faces at more than 30 entry points during 2020 without identifying a single imposter.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. A DHS final rule published in the Federal Register on 27 October 2025 (90 FR 48604, docket USCBP-2025-0033, amending 8 CFR parts 215 and 235) took effect on 26 December 2025. It provides that DHS may require all noncitizens to be photographed when entering or leaving the United States, removes references to pilot programmes and to a limited number of ports, and describes facial comparison of a live photo against a gallery built from advance passenger information and photographs CBP already holds. The rule says US citizens are not required to be photographed, may ask for an alternative inspection process, and that their photographs are to be discarded within 12 hours of citizenship being verified; it cites the Traveler Verification Service privacy impact assessment.", "source": "CBP congressional testimony; DHS Office of Inspector General report OIG-22-48", "source_url": "https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2022-07/OIG-22-48-July22.pdf", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/23a25959-a2de-42e3-9dfd-6dd18b0cda23" }, { "id": "546337f7-4f26-42f6-ae52-902254359f2c", "code": "PAI-546337F7", "force": "US Customs and Border Protection", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Nationwide, including 287(g) partner agencies", "technology": "Federal Mobile Biometric Identification (Mobile Fortify)", "technology_slug": "mobile-fortify-federal-biometric-id", "vendor": "NEC, per WIRED and ID Tech reporting of DHS's AI Use Case Inventory; built on CBP's Traveler Verification Service; app first reported by 404 Media", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2025", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute; deployed without a completed Privacy Impact Assessment", "oversight": "DHS OIG audit opened Jan 2026 after Senators Warner and Kaine raised concerns; no standalone Privacy Impact Assessment published; DHS AI Use Case Inventory (28 January 2026) lists it as high-impact for both CBP and ICE; FedScoop reports ICE's AI impact assessment as incomplete", "notes": "Smartphone app letting ICE/CBP officers photograph a person during a street encounter and match against CBP's Traveler Verification Service (same system used for airport processing), with contactless fingerprint capture against IDENT as a fallback if no facial match returns. A 'Super Query' feature reportedly searches databases covering individuals, vehicles, aircraft, vessels and addresses simultaneously. Used over 100,000 times since launch per a January 2026 Illinois/Chicago lawsuit. A Privacy Threshold Analysis states ICE does not offer the option to decline biometric collection, retains photos and fingerprints for 15 years including non-matches, and may collect regardless of citizenship or immigration status. May be extended to 1,000+ state and local 287(g) agencies. Differs from UK operator-initiated facial recognition in three ways: it queries border/travel biometric infrastructure rather than a policing watchlist (so includes people never arrested), adds fingerprint capture as a fallback, and operates federally -- bypassing the 20+ US city and state facial recognition bans. On 5 Feb 2026 the 'ICE Out of My Face Act' was introduced to ban ICE/CBP biometric use; a coalition including EFF and EPIC has demanded DHS shut the app down.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. DHS's AI Use Case Inventory, posted on 28 January 2026 and reported by FedScoop, lists Mobile Fortify separately for CBP and ICE, classes it as high-impact, gives May 2025 as the start of use, and shows ICE still working on its AI impact assessment, with monitoring protocols, a fail-safe and an appeal process not yet in place. ID Tech reported on 29 January 2026, citing WIRED, that the attribution of the app to NEC surfaced in DHS's 2025 AI Use Case Inventory, and that WIRED's reporting points to a contract of roughly $23.9 million; neither DHS nor NEC is quoted confirming this. WIRED reported in February 2026 that the app \"can't actually verify who people are\". Biometric Update reported on 18 June 2026, from an ICE Privacy Threshold Analysis, that a separate \"Task Force Module\" built on the same technology, launched on 24 September 2025, lets ICE-deputised state and local officers photograph people and check them against more than 250 million DHS and Department of State visa records through subsets of CBP's Traveler Verification Service, retaining each photograph for 15 years; the module \"could be made available to more than 1,000 local and regional law enforcement agencies\". No standalone Privacy Impact Assessment or system of records notice had been published for the module, according to that report.", "source": "ACLU; Senator Markey letter; Immigration Policy Tracking Project; FedScoop, 28 January 2026; ID Tech, 29 January 2026; Biometric Update, 18 June 2026", "source_url": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/ice-face-recognition", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/546337f7-4f26-42f6-ae52-902254359f2c" }, { "id": "7b95a126-ca01-4ad6-93e1-f357b2dc17e6", "code": "PAI-7B95A126", "force": "US Department of Homeland Security", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "National", "technology": "AI-enabled surveillance and detection analytics", "technology_slug": "dhs-surveillance-detection-analytics-bundle", "vendor": "Multiple, not fully disclosed", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "regulator", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2023", "legal_basis": "Not disclosed in the source; no dedicated statute specific to AI-based analytics identified", "oversight": "US Government Accountability Office, which conducted the review this entry is sourced from", "notes": "A GAO review found DHS law enforcement components using more than 20 categories of detection, observation and monitoring technology, including facial recognition and automatic licence plate readers alongside analytic software, some of which uses AI, plus access to third-party ALPR networks. GAO's own remit is bias-risk oversight, meaning this entry originates from an accountability review rather than a DHS disclosure. The review examined fiscal year 2023 usage; the report was published December 2024.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The report read is GAO-25-107302, published in December 2024 (Nextgov reported it on 5 December 2024). It reviewed Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Secret Service, which reported using over 20 types of detection, observation and monitoring technology in fiscal year 2023, including technology accessed through commercial vendors and other law enforcement agencies; all three reported agreements to query third-party automated licence plate reader data. GAO says DHS is developing policies to assess bias risk for AI-enabled technologies but has none for all such technologies, and made five recommendations, with which DHS concurred; GAO says ICE and the Secret Service described actions that do not address them. The report does not name vendors, which is why the vendor field is left as not fully disclosed.", "source": "US Government Accountability Office, GAO-25-107302, December 2024", "source_url": "https://gao.gov/products/gao-25-107302", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/7b95a126-ca01-4ad6-93e1-f357b2dc17e6" }, { "id": "c5e80124-346d-4704-93a3-36ae5e23535b", "code": "PAI-C5E80124", "force": "US Immigration and Customs Enforcement", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Nationwide", "technology": "Immigration Case Management and Targeting (Palantir)", "technology_slug": "immigration-case-management-targeting", "vendor": "Palantir Technologies", "vendor_slug": "palantir", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2014", "legal_basis": "Sole-source federal contracts; no dedicated statute", "oversight": "No dedicated regulator; Congressional oversight letter sent April 2026 by Rep. Dan Goldman and colleagues; ICE agent testimony on ELITE given in litigation; the systems appear in DHS's AI Use Case Inventory (January 2026)", "notes": "Three related Palantir systems for ICE: (1) ICM, case management, $139.3m contract from 2022 renewed sole-source, combined deal reportedly exceeding $145m; (2) ImmigrationOS, a ~$30m no-bid 2025 contract modification providing 'near real-time visibility into instances of self-deportation' and managing the 'end to end immigration lifecycle'; (3) ELITE, an app generating deportation-target dossiers with a confidence score (out of 100) on a target's address. In M-J-M-A v Wamsley (D. Oregon), ICE officers confirmed under oath on 2 Dec 2025 that ELITE was used to identify arrest targets during Oregon raids driven by daily arrest quotas -- sworn testimony, stronger evidence than surrounding reporting. 404 Media reported ELITE drawing on HHS/Medicaid data; Palantir disputes this characterisation as misleading. A CMS-ICE data-sharing agreement exists; a preliminary injunction (Aug 2025) briefly blocked sharing in 20 states before a Dec 2025 ruling allowed some sharing to resume pending the case. Same vendor as this site's existing Palantir Gotham entry for German state police, where a Federal Constitutional Court judgment constrains automated analysis -- the US deployment has essentially the inverse legal position: no court constraint, sole-source contracts, and an operational target list rather than an investigative link chart.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. The ACLU's article of 24 March 2026 says Palantir has run ICE's Investigative Case Management (ICM) since 2014, so the 2022 date above refers to the current contract rather than the start of the relationship; the sole-source arrangement has \"ballooned to over $145 million\" per USAspending and allowed development \"through at least April 2026\". It dates the roughly $30 million ImmigrationOS contract to April 2025, with a prototype due on 25 September 2025 and the contract running to September 2027, and says that ELITE (Enhanced Leads Identification and Targeting for Enforcement) is described in a user guide obtained by 404 Media as used for \"identifying and prioritizing high-value targets\". The article also reports testimony, as covered by the Guardian on 13 March 2026, in which ICE agents said the app counted people with an \"immigration nexus\", a category that reportedly includes naturalised citizens; no court ruling on Palantir's ICE work was reported in the article. FedScoop reported on 28 January 2026 that DHS's AI Use Case Inventory lists three Palantir products among ICE's newly added use cases; DHS classed ELITE as \"presumed high-impact but determined not high-impact\", stating that its outputs \"are limited to normalized address data\"; this is DHS's own characterisation.", "source": "ACLU, 24 March 2026; FedScoop, 28 January 2026; American Immigration Council; court filings in M-J-M-A v Wamsley", "source_url": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/palantir-deportation-roundup", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/c5e80124-346d-4704-93a3-36ae5e23535b" }, { "id": "d78b26c3-6115-4b29-828d-412c90510d84", "code": "PAI-D78B26C3", "force": "US Immigration and Customs Enforcement", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Nationwide, including 287(g) partner agencies", "technology": "Federal Mobile Biometric Identification (Mobile Fortify)", "technology_slug": "mobile-fortify-federal-biometric-id", "vendor": "NEC, per WIRED and ID Tech reporting of DHS's AI Use Case Inventory; built on CBP's Traveler Verification Service; app first reported by 404 Media", "vendor_slug": "nec", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "May 2025", "legal_basis": "No dedicated statute; deployed without a completed Privacy Impact Assessment", "oversight": "DHS OIG audit opened Jan 2026 after Senators Warner and Kaine raised concerns; no standalone Privacy Impact Assessment published; DHS AI Use Case Inventory (28 January 2026) lists it as high-impact with the AI impact assessment incomplete", "notes": "Smartphone app letting ICE/CBP officers photograph a person during a street encounter and match against CBP's Traveler Verification Service (same system used for airport processing), with contactless fingerprint capture against IDENT as a fallback if no facial match returns. A 'Super Query' feature reportedly searches databases covering individuals, vehicles, aircraft, vessels and addresses simultaneously. Used over 100,000 times since launch per a January 2026 Illinois/Chicago lawsuit. A Privacy Threshold Analysis states ICE does not offer the option to decline biometric collection, retains photos and fingerprints for 15 years including non-matches, and may collect regardless of citizenship or immigration status. May be extended to 1,000+ state and local 287(g) agencies. Differs from UK operator-initiated facial recognition in three ways: it queries border/travel biometric infrastructure rather than a policing watchlist (so includes people never arrested), adds fingerprint capture as a fallback, and operates federally -- bypassing the 20+ US city and state facial recognition bans. On 5 Feb 2026 the 'ICE Out of My Face Act' was introduced to ban ICE/CBP biometric use; a coalition including EFF and EPIC has demanded DHS shut the app down.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. DHS's AI Use Case Inventory, posted on 28 January 2026 and reported by FedScoop, lists Mobile Fortify separately for CBP and ICE, classes it as high-impact, gives May 2025 as the start of use, and shows ICE still working on its AI impact assessment, with monitoring protocols, a fail-safe and an appeal process not yet in place. ID Tech reported on 29 January 2026, citing WIRED, that the attribution of the app to NEC surfaced in DHS's 2025 AI Use Case Inventory, and that WIRED's reporting points to a contract of roughly $23.9 million; neither DHS nor NEC is quoted confirming this. WIRED reported in February 2026 that the app \"can't actually verify who people are\". Biometric Update reported on 18 June 2026, from an ICE Privacy Threshold Analysis, that a separate \"Task Force Module\" built on the same technology, launched on 24 September 2025, lets ICE-deputised state and local officers photograph people and check them against more than 250 million DHS and Department of State visa records through subsets of CBP's Traveler Verification Service, retaining each photograph for 15 years; the module \"could be made available to more than 1,000 local and regional law enforcement agencies\". No standalone Privacy Impact Assessment or system of records notice had been published for the module, according to that report.", "source": "ACLU; Senator Markey letter; Immigration Policy Tracking Project; FedScoop, 28 January 2026; ID Tech, 29 January 2026; Biometric Update, 18 June 2026", "source_url": "https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/ice-face-recognition", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/d78b26c3-6115-4b29-828d-412c90510d84" }, { "id": "0a813f79-246d-4186-9fcf-60591cffe0dd", "code": "PAI-0A813F79", "force": "US pretrial courts (multiple jurisdictions)", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Nationwide", "technology": "Public Safety Assessment (PSA)", "technology_slug": "us-criminal-justice-risk-assessment", "vendor": "Developed with support from Arnold Ventures; no commercial vendor", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "ngo", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2013", "legal_basis": "Arnold Ventures terms of use plus local court rules and statutes", "oversight": "No formal regulator; ongoing independent validation including MDRC evaluation", "notes": "An actuarial assessment using nine factors drawn from age and criminal history, explicitly excluding any interview, community ties, neighbourhood or marital status. It produces three estimates: failure to appear, new criminal arrest, and new violent criminal arrest while on pretrial release. Judges consider the scores alongside other information when setting release conditions, and scores are provided to the accused, the judicial officer, defence and prosecution.\n\nPiloted with selected jurisdictions from 2013 and released publicly in 2018 after five years of testing, built on around 750,000 cases from roughly 300 jurisdictions and validated on more than 500,000. Its deliberate exclusion of socio-economic and neighbourhood factors is a direct design response to bias criticism of earlier instruments.", "source": "Advancing Pretrial Policy and Research; MDRC evaluation", "source_url": "https://www.advancingpretrial.org/about-the-psa/", "last_checked": "2026-08-20", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0a813f79-246d-4186-9fcf-60591cffe0dd" }, { "id": "ac0a345d-2b18-43f7-bff3-fe0d2c8a37ca", "code": "PAI-AC0A345D", "force": "US state courts and corrections agencies", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Multiple US states", "technology": "COMPAS recidivism and pretrial risk scoring", "technology_slug": "us-criminal-justice-risk-assessment", "vendor": "Equivant, formerly Northpointe", "vendor_slug": "equivant", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "academic", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2000", "legal_basis": "State v Loomis (Wisconsin Supreme Court) held that a sentencing court may use a COMPAS risk assessment as a relevant factor but that it cannot be determinative, and required cautionary warnings about the instrument's limitations", "oversight": "State court rules and case law; no dedicated regulator", "notes": "A fourth-generation risk and needs instrument combining static criminal history with dynamic criminogenic factors such as social environment and employment, producing general recidivism, violent recidivism and pretrial misconduct risk scores. Designed for correctional case management and rehabilitation planning, its use expanded into judicial sentencing. Broward County, Florida is a widely cited example.\n\nThe detailed input factor list circulating in secondary sources could not be confirmed against a primary vendor document, and is therefore not stated here as definitive. The legal position, by contrast, rests on the Loomis judgment and is well established.", "source": "Harvard Law Review analysis of State v Loomis; California Courts summary", "source_url": "https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-130/state-v-loomis/", "last_checked": "2026-08-26", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ac0a345d-2b18-43f7-bff3-fe0d2c8a37ca" }, { "id": "0f0e6989-47c7-4158-858d-aeca3a3f8db4", "code": "PAI-0F0E6989", "force": "Wheat Ridge Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Colorado", "technology": "AI-assisted police report writing", "technology_slug": "ai-report-writing", "vendor": "Axon (Draft One)", "vendor_slug": "axon", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "August 2025", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "Adopted on 1 August 2025 after testing from around May. Drafts incident reports from body camera audio, which officers must review and complete; the department reports report-writing time down 40% to 60%. It added about $100,000 a year to the Axon contract.", "source": "Colorado Politics, 7 August 2025", "source_url": "https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2025/08/07/wheat-ridge-police-begin-using-ai-to-help-police-reports-17cf0e15-32f8-5a92-9e47-7ca804a087bd", "last_checked": "2026-10-31", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0f0e6989-47c7-4158-858d-aeca3a3f8db4" }, { "id": "ee9857b1-fad6-4def-aba1-d2289dd6ce95", "code": "PAI-EE9857B1", "force": "Wisconsin Department of Corrections", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Wisconsin", "technology": "COMPAS risk and needs assessment", "technology_slug": "us-criminal-justice-risk-assessment", "vendor": "", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "official", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "The Wisconsin Department of Corrections' own web page describes COMPAS as an \"actuarial risk assessment system\" that the department uses for \"criminogenic risk and needs assessments and unified case planning\". The page says results inform case plans from arrest through discharge and ties the tool to evidence-based supervision, directing services at moderate- and higher-risk people. The page does not state when the department began using COMPAS, any oversight arrangement or a legal basis, and the vendor is not named on it, so those fields are left empty. Court use of COMPAS in Wisconsin sentencing is a separate matter (State v Loomis) and is not covered by this record.", "source": "Wisconsin Department of Corrections, COMPAS page (undated)", "source_url": "https://doc.wi.gov/Pages/AboutDOC/COMPAS.aspx", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/ee9857b1-fad6-4def-aba1-d2289dd6ce95" }, { "id": "aaa3dc6c-0eb9-44de-aa4b-291198fa1b25", "code": "PAI-AAA3DC6C", "force": "Worcester Police Department", "country": "United States", "country_code": "us", "is_country": true, "region": "Massachusetts", "technology": "AI Gunshot Detection", "technology_slug": "shotspotter", "vendor": "SoundThinking (ShotSpotter)", "vendor_slug": "", "programme": "", "status": "operational", "stage": "in-use", "evidence": "journalism", "evidence_is_claim": false, "since": "2014", "legal_basis": "", "oversight": "", "notes": "SoundThinking announced a three-year renewal covering 8.1 square miles during the second quarter of 2026. The renewal is a company statement.\n\nUpdate, November 2026. This Week in Worcester reported on 14 April 2025, from Worcester Police Department data, that ShotSpotter was first deployed in the city in 2014 and covers over eight square miles, that police recovered 773 shell casings in 2024 within the coverage area, and that the city's SoundThinking spending averaged $573,563 a year over three years. The 2026 renewal described above is still known only from the vendor's press release; no city council record of it was found.", "source": "This Week in Worcester, 14 April 2025; SoundThinking press release, 2 July 2026 (company claim)", "source_url": "https://thisweekinworcester.com/wpd-releases-new-data-on-shotspotter-2025/", "last_checked": "2026-11-04", "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/aaa3dc6c-0eb9-44de-aa4b-291198fa1b25" } ] }