{
  "record": {
    "id": "0a813f79-246d-4186-9fcf-60591cffe0dd",
    "code": "PAI-0A813F79",
    "force": "US pretrial courts (multiple jurisdictions)",
    "country": "United States",
    "country_code": "us",
    "is_country": true,
    "region": "Nationwide",
    "technology": "Public Safety Assessment (PSA)",
    "technology_slug": "us-criminal-justice-risk-assessment",
    "vendor": "Developed with support from Arnold Ventures; no commercial vendor",
    "vendor_slug": "",
    "programme": "",
    "status": "operational",
    "stage": "in-use",
    "evidence": "ngo",
    "evidence_is_claim": false,
    "since": "2013",
    "legal_basis": "Arnold Ventures terms of use plus local court rules and statutes",
    "oversight": "No formal regulator; ongoing independent validation including MDRC evaluation",
    "notes": "An actuarial assessment using nine factors drawn from age and criminal history, explicitly excluding any interview, community ties, neighbourhood or marital status. It produces three estimates: failure to appear, new criminal arrest, and new violent criminal arrest while on pretrial release. Judges consider the scores alongside other information when setting release conditions, and scores are provided to the accused, the judicial officer, defence and prosecution.\n\nPiloted with selected jurisdictions from 2013 and released publicly in 2018 after five years of testing, built on around 750,000 cases from roughly 300 jurisdictions and validated on more than 500,000. Its deliberate exclusion of socio-economic and neighbourhood factors is a direct design response to bias criticism of earlier instruments.",
    "source": "Advancing Pretrial Policy and Research; MDRC evaluation",
    "source_url": "https://www.advancingpretrial.org/about-the-psa/",
    "last_checked": "2026-08-20",
    "record_url": "https://www.policeainews.com/tracker/record/0a813f79-246d-4186-9fcf-60591cffe0dd"
  },
  "licence": "https://www.policeainews.com/data#licence"
}