A US Government Accountability Office review, examining fiscal year 2023 usage and published December 2024, found Department of Homeland Security law enforcement components using more than 20 categories of detection, observation and monitoring technology. These include facial recognition and automatic licence plate readers, alongside analytic software -- some of which uses AI -- plus access to third-party ALPR networks.

This entry originates from an accountability review whose own remit is bias-risk oversight, rather than from a DHS disclosure describing its own systems. That distinction matters for how much weight to put on the specifics: GAO's review establishes that this breadth of capability exists across DHS components, but it is not a substitute for the kind of named-system, named-vendor detail available for entries sourced from procurement records or agency disclosures elsewhere on this site. Individual DHS-component systems named with enough specificity to source separately -- for example, CBP's Traveler Verification Service or ICE's Mobile Fortify -- are catalogued as their own dedicated entries rather than folded into this one.