Secretariat of State for Security (Ministry of the Interior)

Launched 2007, updated to VioGen 5.0 in 2019, with an AI pilot to refine the model from 2022. Runs nationwide excluding the Basque Country and Catalonia, which operate separately. Officers complete two questionnaires (Police Risk Assessment/VPR and Police Risk Evolution Assessment/VPER) covering 35 indicators, producing a score sorting cases into five bands (unappreciated/negligible, low, medium, high, extreme) that determines the level of police protection assigned to a victim. Eticas describes the method as classical statistical weighting rather than machine learning. Eticas's 2021 audit found officers keep the automatic outcome in 95% of cases despite it being designed as an overridable recommendation. New York Times reporting found at least 247 women killed by partners since 2007 after VioGen assessment, at least 55 of them scored negligible or low risk. As of 2025: roughly 92,000 active cases, 83% classified low or negligible risk. This is decision-support and risk assessment rather than the narrower predictive-policing sense of forecasting where crime will occur.

Update, November 2026. El Español (31 May 2026) reports that a team at the Centro Crímina of Universidad Miguel Hernández in Elche is developing "VioGén 2.0", a planned upgrade of the system under a five-month tender, with VioGén 2.0 expected to be ready "antes del verano" (before the summer). The team is reported to be testing whether techniques including artificial intelligence improve the algorithm, checking whether the current variables still predict risk, and adding information from police, family and other professionals to the victim's account. The centre's director, Fernando Miró, says the Secretariat of State for Security has set as a red line that "un algoritmo no puede decidir por sí solo" (an algorithm cannot decide on its own), and that the Secretariat will decide how to implement the changes. The article gives no date for VioGén 2.0 to enter use. This record was previously named "Spanish police (multi-force)"; it is now recorded under the Secretariat of State for Security, which runs the system.