Law enforcement agencies are increasingly using artificial intelligence to rapidly analyse large volumes of data collected from drones, cameras, licence plate readers, and other digital records. AI developers and some police departments state that the technology is intended to assist officers with administrative tasks rather than replace human decision-making. However, civil liberties advocates, legal scholars, and policing experts warn that these tools could expand surveillance, introduce hidden biases into investigations, and make evidence harder to challenge in court. Furthermore, the technology allows hours of footage to be processed in minutes, making it easier for police to track demonstration participants long after an event ends. Rachel Levinson-Waldman of the Brennan Center for Justice raised specific concerns over how these tools could supercharge law enforcement surveillance and enforcement capabilities.

Background: Privacy and Data Protection

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